Chemistry Report

Acid-Base Titration
I. Abstract
Acid-base titrations involve neutralizing an acid or base with a standard base solution or an acid
solution with a known concentration in order to determine the acid or base's concentration
(Admin, 2023). The chemicals used in this experiment were phenolphthalein as the chemical
indicator, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the base, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the acid. Ten
milliliters of HCl solution were used in two acid-base titration experiments. A molarity (M) of
0.106 (M) was obtained from the first experiment with a reading of 10.6 mL, while a molarity
(M) of 0.094 (M) was obtained from the second trial with a reading of 20 mL. The two
experiments yielded an average molarity of 0.2 (M) for the HCl solution.
II. Introduction
The two solutions involved in titration are the titrant and the analyte. The titrant is generally
a solution with a known concentration that is gradually added to the analyte. The analyte's
volume is known, however, it's unclear what its concentration is. For this experiment, the NaOH
is in a burette, and the HCl is in an Erlenmeyer flask. To guarantee that the reagents mix and
react, the NaOH is poured into the acid solution one drop at a time from the burette while being
constantly stirred (Libretexts, 2022). You'll know the reaction is completed when you see the
first light trace of pink hue since the indicator, phenolphthalein, is colorless in an acidic solution
but becomes pink if there's an overabundance of the base present. It is best if the pink color at the
endpoint is lighter since the pink color only appears if there's an overabundance of the base
present.
In many production processes, titrations are crucial in measuring quantity and purity. They
include the manufacture of chemicals, textiles, wood products, petroleum, and food products.
III. Methodology
1. Clean burettes should be rinsed with distilled water once. After that, rinse the acid burette with
5ml of the HCl solution at 0.100 M concentration.
2. Using the clamps position the burette on an iron platform.
3. Examine the stopcocks. Verify that they are shut. Put 0.100M hydrochloric acid in the burette.
the air at the tip with an (HCl) solution. Quickly open and tighten to eliminate the airspace at the
tip.
Close the stopcock repeatedly until there is no airspace visible.
4. 20 mL of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) should be pipetted into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask.
5. To the flask, add a few drops of phenolphthalein. Take note of the solution's color.
6. Put the flask carefully underneath the acid burette. To clearly see any color shift, place a white
piece of paper under the flask.
7. Allowing the HCl to drip over the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will titrate it with the regular
hydrochloric acid (HCl). Throughout the procedure, spin the flasks slowly and continuously. A
brief pink spot appears in the sodium hydroxide as the titration approaches the endpoint (NaOH).
When a persistent, barely detectable pink spot emerges in the solution, cease adding HCl.
8. Record the acid burette's volume reading.
9. Try again on another trial with the NaOH in the other flask.
10. Determine the sodium hydroxide solution's molarity.
11. Be sure to dispose of rubbish properly. Nothing should be poured down in the sink.
IV. Results and Discussions

1. In a titration, a burette is used to hold the substances that react and drop the solution into
the reaction mixture. This is done to make sure that the titrant is not diluted by the water. If the
acid doesn't get cleaned out, it may be affected by the remaining liquid in the burette or react
with chemicals left over from earlier trials. This would result in a lower concentration of the
chemical and a higher titre being given.
2. The burette air bubbles must always be removed during the NaOH titration. If there
happen to be any bobbles inside the burette, errors took place and every part of the testing
process might have failed. In the titration of NaOH over any unclear solution, the amount being
measured should be exact. If a bubble leaks from the tip of the burette while the experiment, its
volume level will be wrong.
3. Although HNO3 and HCl have the same volume and concentration, we would still need
to use the same quantity of NaOH to achieve the endpoint. This is because they both contain the
same amount of H+. On the other hand, H2SO4 contains twice as much H+ as it does, thus the
needed quantity of NaOH will be doubled (If Instead of Using HCl, You Used HNO3 With the
Same Volume and Concentration as HCl, Would You Use the Same Volume of NaOH to Reach
The . . ., n.d.).
4.
A. If a leaking burette holding a NaOH base is used to add the titrant to the beaker, the
measurement of the amount at the color change disappears, which leads to an increased burette
measurement. If the number of base serves as a more accurate figure, the computed amount of
acid is too high. It is going to increase the acid's molarity. This is because we will be measuring
the amount of the targeted acid in addition to the affected solution.
B. If a small amount of the acid solution was spilled while transferring it to the
Erlenmeyer flask, the computed concentration of the NaOH solution will be less than the actual
concentration. This is because the amount of acid used in the titration will be less than the actual
amount required to neutralize the NaOH solution. As a result, the calculated concentration of
NaOH will be higher than the actual concentration. To minimize this error, it is important to take
care while transferring the acid solution and to ensure that all of the acids are transferred to the
Erlenmeyer flask. If any spillage occurs, it is best to repeat the titration using fresh solutions.
5. What is the concentration (in molarity) of a 25.0mL CH3COOH solution that requires
30.50mL of the NaOH solution used in this activity?
V. Conclusions and Recommendations
During the lab, we used an acid-base titration to calculate the molarity of 10 mL of an

unknown solution (NaOH). Throughout the titration procedure, .5 mL of.2M HCl was repeatedly
dropped into the unidentified solution. In the initial test, 2 drops of phenolphthalein were added
to 10 mL of HCl, and 10.6 mL of HCl was used to titrate the amount of NaOH. We were able to
determine the concentration of the solution, which was 0.106M, by using stoichiometry and
molarity rules. In our second trial, the NaOH was titrated from 10.6 mL to 20 mL, with 9.4 mL
of that volume being consumed, giving us a molarity of 0.094 M. We have a minor number of
inaccurate measurements because the theoretical molarity for the solution was predicted to be
0.10M. This was probably the result of human error, specifically due to the pH probe's bad
cleaning with distilled water and the somewhat inconsistent amounts of HCl dropped for each
test. Getting more mL of HCl recorded for us. The molarity is therefore inferred to be
proportionate to the mL of HCl dropped.
With the use of this lab, we were able to demonstrate the accuracy of the stoichiometric laws
and the molarity formula as well as observe firsthand how a material can be neutralized via an
acid-base reaction.
It is recommended by the conductors of this experiment that we must comply with every
instruction precisely and use the appropriate amounts of the acids in order to obtain the
experiment's positive outcomes. The experiment should be extensively documented in order to
maintain a record of its successful and unsuccessful tries. It is additionally recommended to
precisely quantify and formulate the experiment to prevent faults.
VI. References
Admin. (2023). Acid Base Titration - Titration Curves, Equivalence Point & Indicators
of Acid Base Titration. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/chemistry/acid-base-titration/
If instead of using HCl, you used HNO3 with the same volume and concentration as HCl,
would you use the same volume of NaOH to reach the . . . (n.d.). Quora.
https://www.quora.com/If-instead-of-using-HCl-you-used-HNO3-with-the-same-volume-
and-concentration-as-HCl-would-you-use-the-same-volume-of-NaOH-to-reach-the-
endpoint-What-about-using-H2SO4/answer/Antonio-Daniels-3-1?
ch=10&oid=404904056&share=b5944f9b&srid=uVwZ8A&target_type=answer
Libretexts. (2022). Lab 6: Acid/base titration. Chemistry LibreTexts.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/Team%3A_Westfield_State_College/
General_Chemistry_Labs%2C_Westfield_State/Lab_6%3A_Acid%2F%2Fbase_titration

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Acid-Base Titration

IV. Results and Discussions

During the lab, we used an acid-base titration to calculate the molarity of 10 mL of an

Libretexts. (2022). Lab 6: Acid/base titration. Chemistry LibreTexts.

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