Artificial Intelligence

Ashutosh Kumar
Galgotias University
(Under the Uttar Pradesh Private Universities Act No. 12 of
2019) Greater Noida, India
Email: [email protected]

Rachna Priya
Galgotias University
(Under the Uttar Pradesh Private Universites Act No. 12 of 2019)
Greater Noida,India
Email: [email protected]

Swarna Kumari
Galgotias University
(Under the Uttar Pradesh Private Universites Act No. 12 of 2019)
Greater Noida,India
Email: [email protected]

Under the guidance of

Mr. Pradeep Bedi

Assistant Professor
(Galgotias
University) Greater
Noida, India
Email: [email protected]
 ABSTRACT - Artificial Intelligence otherwise known as AI, it WHAT ARE 4 TYPES OF AI?
is the development and the theory of some computer systems
which are able to undertake certain tasks which will normally Artificial intelligence can be categorized into one of four types.
need the intelligence of humans. The tasks that are normally in
need of the human intelligence are the likes of translation of  Reactive AI uses algorithms to optimize outputs based on a set
languages, making decisions recognition of speech among others. of inputs. Chess-playing AIs, for example, are reactive systems
Good examples of these technologies that fall under the AI are; that optimize the best strategy to win the game. Reactive AI
augmented reality, Virtual Assistants, and robots. On the other tends to be fairly static, unable to learn or adapt to novel
hand, employee productivity can also be called workforce situations. Thus, it will produce the same output given identical
productivity. Productivity is evaluated in terms of the output of inputs.
employees within a given time.  Limited memory AI can adapt to past experience or update
itself based on new observations or data. Often, the amount of
AI systems are capable of adapting their behaviour to a certain updating is limited (hence the name), and the length of memory
degree by analysing the effects of previous actions and working is relatively short. Autonomous vehicles, for example, can "read
autonomously. the road" and adapt to novel situations, even "learning" from
past experience.
 Theory-of-mind AI are fully-adaptive and have an extensive
INTRODUCTION ability to learn and retain past experiences. These types of AI
include advanced chat-bots that could pass the Turing Test,
Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence fooling a person into believing the AI was a human being.
processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific While advanced and impressive, these AI are not self-aware.
applications of AI include expert systems, natural language  Self-aware AI, as the name suggests, become sentient and
processing, speech recognition and machine vision. aware of their own existence. Still in the realm of science
fiction, some experts believe that an AI will never become
conscious or "alive".
AI manifests in a number of forms. A few examples are:

 Chatbots use AI to understand customer problems

faster and provide more efficient answers
 Intelligent assistants use AI to parse critical WHAT IS NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
information from large free-text datasets to improve (NLP)?
scheduling
 Recommendation engines can provide automated Natural Language Processing (NLP) makes it possible
recommendations for TV shows based on users’ for computers to understand the human language.
viewing habits Behind the scenes, NLP analyzes the grammatical
structure of sentences and the individual meaning
of words, then uses algorithms to extract meaning
AI is much more about the process and the capability for and deliver outputs.
superpowered thinking and data analysis than it is about any
particular format or function. Although AI brings up images of In a nutshell, the goal of Natural Language Processing
high-functioning, human-like robots taking over the world, AI is to make human language ‒ which is complex,
isn’t intended to replace humans. It’s intended to significantly ambiguous, and extremely diverse ‒ easy for
enhance human capabilities and contributions. That makes it a machines to understand.
very valuable business asset.

Artificial intelligence allows machines to model, and even

improve upon, the capabilities of the human mind. From the
development of self-driving cars to the proliferation of smart
assistants like Siri and Alexa, AI is a growing part of everyday
life. As a result, many tech companies across various industries
are investing in artificially intelligent technologies.
HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE find new activities that will provide them the social and mental
benefits their job provided.
The academic roots of AI, and the concept of intelligent
machines, May be found in Greek Mythology. Intelligent Political, legal, and social ramifications: As Bostrom advises,
artifacts appear in journalism since then, with real mechanical rather than avoid pursuing AI innovation, "Our focus should be
devices actually indicating behavior with some degree of on putting ourselves in the best possible position so that when
intelligence. After modern computers became available following all the pieces fall into place, we've done our homework. We've
World War-II, it has become possible to create programs that developed scalable AI control methods, we've thought hard
perform difficult academic tasks. about the ethics and the governments, etc. And then proceed
The study of logic led directly to the discovery of the further and then hopefully have an extremely good outcome
programmable digital electronic computer, based on the work of from that." If our governments and business institutions don't
mathematician Alan Turing and others. Turing's theory of spend time now formulating rules, regulations, and
calculation suggested that a machine, by shuffling symbols as responsibilities, there could be significant negative
simple as "O" and "1", could replicate any conceivable ramifications as AI continues to mature.
(imaginable) act of mathematical assumption.
This, along with simultaneous discoveries in neurology, AI-enabled terrorism: Artificial intelligence will change the
information theory and cybernetics, inspired a small group of way conflicts are fought from autonomous drones, robotic
researchers to begin to seriously think the possibility of structure swarms, and remote and nanorobot attacks. In addition to being
an electronic brain. concerned with a nuclear arms race, we'll need to monitor the
After several reports criticizing progress in AI, government global autonomous weapons race.
funding and interest in the field dropped off – a period from
1974–80 that became known as the "AI winter." The field later
revived in the 1980s when the British government started funding
it again in part to compete with efforts by the Japanese.
1. Media: Journalism is providing AI, too, and will continue
The field experienced another major winter from 1987 to 1993,
coinciding with the collapse of the market for some of the early
to benefit from it. 
general-purpose computers, and reduced government funding.

But research began to pick up again after that, and in 1997,

IBM's Deep Blue became the first computer to beat a chess
champion when it defeated Russian grandmaster Garry APPLICATIONS OF AI
Kasparov. And in 2011, the computer giant's question-answering
system Watson won the quiz show "Jeopardy!" by beating Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's
reigning champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings. society. It is becoming essential for today's time because it can
solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple
This year, the talking computer "chatbot" Eugene Goostman industries, such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance,
captured headlines for tricking judges into thinking he was real education, etc. AI is making our daily life more comfortable and
skin-and-blood human during a Turing test, a competition fast.
developed by British mathematician and computer scientist Alan Following are some sectors which have the application of
Turing in 1950 as a way to assess whether a machine is Artificial Intelligence:
intelligent.
1. AI in Healthcare
But the accomplishment has been controversial, with artificial
intelligence experts saying that only a third of the judges were o In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more
fooled, and pointing out that the bot was able to dodge some
questions by claiming it was an adolescent who spoke English as advantageous for the healthcare industry and going to
a second language.
have a significant impact on this industry.

o AI can help doctors with diagnoses and can inform

IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) A THREAT when patients are worsening so that medical help can
TO HUMANS
reach to the patient before hospitalization.
If we focus on what’s possible today with AI, here are some of
the potential negative impacts of artificial intelligence that we 2. AI in Gaming
should consider and plan for:
o AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines
Change the jobs humans do/job automation: AI will change the can play strategic games like chess, where the machine
workplace and the jobs that humans do. Some jobs will be lost to
AI technology, so humans will need to embrace the change and needs to think of a large number of possible places.
3. AI in Finance

o AI and finance industries are the best matches for each

other. The finance industry is implementing automation,
chatbot, adaptive intelligence, algorithm trading, and
machine learning into financial processes.

4. AI in Data Security

o The security of data is crucial for every company and

cyber-attacks are growing very rapidly in the digital
world. AI can be used to make your data more safe and
secure. Some examples such as AEG bot, AI2
Platform,are used to determine software bug and cyber-
attacks in a better way.

5. AI in Social Media

o Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and

Snapchat contain billions of user profiles, which need to
be stored and managed in a very efficient way. AI can
organize and manage massive amounts of data. AI can
analyze lots of data to identify the latest trends, hashtag,
and requirement of different users.

 6.AI in Robotics:
o Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics.
Usually, general robots are programmed such that they
can perform some repetitive task, but with the help of
AI, we can create intelligent robots which can perform
tasks with their own experiences without pre-
programmed.

7.AI in E-commerce

o AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce

industry, and it is becoming more demanding in the e-
commerce business. AI is helping shoppers to discover
associated products with recommended size, color, or
even brand.
 Conclusion
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However, even though the fear of the machines are there, their
capabilities are infinite Whatever we teach AI, they will suggest in
the future if a positive outcome arrives from it. AI are like children
that need to be taught to be kind, well mannered, and intelligent. If
they are to make important decisions, they should be wise. We as
citizens need to make sure AI programmers are keeping thingson
the level. We should be sure they are doing the job correctly, so
that no future accidents occur.