Blockchain Based Fake Production Identification

System

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science and Engineering

by
Suman Tandan
19BCE2651
Atul Koirala
19BCE2666

Under the guidance of

Prof. / Dr.
Narayana
Moorthy M
SCOPE
VIT,
Vellore.

May 2023
1
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Blockchain Based Fake

Product Identification System" submitted by us, for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering to VIT is a record
of bonafide work carried out by me under the supervision of Narayanamoorthy M.
I further declare that the work reported in this thesis has not been submitted
and will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or
diploma in this institute or any other institute or university.

Place: Vellore
Date: 7/5/2023
Signature of the Candidate

2
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Blockchain Based Fake Product
Identification System” submitted by “Suman Tandan & 19BCE2651, Scope, VIT”,
“Atul Koirala & 19BCE2666, Scope, VIT,” for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering, is a record of bonafide work
carried out by him / her under my supervision during the period, 01. 07. 2022 to
30.04.2023, as per the VIT code of academic and research ethics.

The contents of this report have not been submitted and will not be submitted
either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or
any other institute or university. The thesis fulfills the requirements and regulations of
the University and in my opinion meets the necessary standards for submission.

Place : Vellore
Date :07/05/2023 Signature of the Guide

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Head of the Department

Programme

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all those who have supported me throughout
the completion of this project. First and foremost, I am immensely grateful to my supervisor
NarayanaMoorthy M for their guidance, expertise, and unwavering support. Their valuable
insights and feedback have been instrumental in shaping the direction and scope of this
work. I would also like to extend my appreciation to the faculty members of Vellore
Institute of Technology, Vellore for providing me with a conducive learning environment
and the necessary resources to carry out this research.
I am thankful to my friends and colleagues who have been a source of encouragement and
inspiration throughout this journey. Their support and discussions have played a significant
role in refining my ideas and expanding my understanding of the subject matter.
Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the participants who
willingly shared their insights and experiences during the data collection phase of this study.
Their involvement has greatly enriched the quality of this research.
Lastly, I am indebted to my family for their constant love, encouragement, and
understanding. Their unwavering support and belief in my abilities have been the driving
force behind my achievements. Without the support of all these individuals, this project
would not have been possible. I am truly grateful for their contributions and the impact they
have had on this work.
Thank you all for being an integral part of this journey.

Student Name

4
 Executive Summary
This thesis includes a thorough investigation into the creation and application of a
Blockchain-based system for fraudulent goods identification. The system's goal is to offer a
safe and trustworthy solution for product identification, addressing the market's rising
concern over counterfeit goods.
The study starts with a literature review that looks at existing models and finds
security, privacy, and scalability issues. The suggested solution expands on the advantages
of blockchain technology by making use of its decentralized and open nature to provide an
unchangeable record of a product's creation, production, and distribution history.
The system's functional and non-functional needs are carefully examined
considering criteria including effectiveness, dependability, usability, and implementation
standards. To ensure a seamless and complete solution, the system architecture is created to
include modules for product registration, verification, and seller integration.
The suggested system shows via thorough testing and assessment that it is capable of
successfully preventing the sale of counterfeit goods. The technology fosters market
confidence by giving producers a safe platform to register their goods and allowing
customers to confirm their authenticity.
The research team is dedicated to addressing the difficulties encountered throughout
the implementation phase and assuring the system's effective global deployment. Through
its promotion of a counterfeit-free environment, this system has an influence that goes
beyond specific enterprises and benefits customers, industries, and society at large.
This thesis addresses the urgent problem of counterfeit goods by presenting a strong
Blockchain-based fake product identification system. The system has the potential to
revolutionize product authentication, and more study and cooperation are urged to enhance
and broaden its capabilities.

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 CONTENTS Page
No.

Acknowledgement i

Executive Summary ii

Table of Contents Iii

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xiv

Abbreviations xvi

Symbols and Notations xix

1 INTRODUCTION 11
1.1 Theoretical Background 11
1.2 Motivation 11

1.3 Aim of the Proposed Work 12

1.4 Problem Statement 13

1.5 Objective(s) of the Proposed Work 15

2. Literature Survey 15
2.1. Survey of the Existing Models/Work 15
2.2. Summary/Gaps identified in the Survey 17
3. Overview of the Proposed System 18
3.1. Introduction and Related Concepts 18
3.2. Framework, Architecture or Module for the Proposed System (with explanation) 19
3.3. Proposed System Model (ER Diagram/UML Diagram/Mathematical Modeling) 21
4. Proposed System Analysis and Design 22
4.1. Introduction 22
4.2. Requirement Analysis 22
4.2.1.Functional Requirements
4.2.1.1. Product Perspective
4.2.1.2. Product features
4.2.1.3. User characteristics
4.2.1.4. Assumption & Dependencies

6
 4.2.1.5. Domain Requirements
4.2.1.6. User Requirements
4.2.2.Non-Functional Requirements 24
4.2.2.1. Product Requirements
4.2.2.1.1. Efficiency (in terms of Time and Space)
4.2.2.1.2. Reliability
4.2.2.1.3. Portability
4.2.2.1.4. Usability
4.2.2.2. Organizational Requirements 25
4.2.2.2.1. Implementation Requirements (in terms of deployment)
4.2.2.2.2. Engineering Standard Requirements
4.2.2.3. Operational Requirements (Explain the applicability for your work
w.r.to the following operational requirement(s))
 Economic
 Environmental
 Social
 Political
 Ethical
 Health and Safety
 Sustainability
 Legality
 Inspectability
4.2.3.System Requirements 27
4.2.3.1. H/W Requirements (details about Application Specific Hardware)
4.2.3.2. S/W Requirements (details about Application Specific Software)
5. Results and Discussion 28
6. References 32
APPENDIX A

7
 List of Figures

Figure no. Title Page

no
1. Trends in trade in counterfeit and pirated goods 13
2. Global trade volume with counterfeit goods in 2019 14
3. Pharmaceutical counterfeiting 14
4. Architecture diagram of blockchain based fake product 19
identification system.
5. ER diagram with attribute and entity 21
6. (ER) diagram that illustrates the connections between each 21
block or entity.
7. Ganache server 28
8. MetaMask account 29
9. Adding product by the manufacturer 29
10. successfully adding the product, and the unique QR code is 30
generated
11. The QR code is uploaded and ready to sell the product 30
12. consumer purchase by seller 31
13. product verification result 31

8
 List of Tables

Table No. Title Page No.

2.1 Table caption 28

9
 List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations Full Form

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ICCES International Conference on Computational &
Experimental Engineering and Sciences
CIOT Chartered Institute of Taxation
S/W Software
H/W Hardware
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
FDA Food and Drug Administration
UML Unified Modeling Language
ER Entity-Relationship
QR Quick Response
US United States
WHO World Health Organization
UK United Kingdom
GDP Gross Domestic Product
EUIPO European Union Intellectual Property Office
EU European Union
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development

10
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. THEORITICAL BACKGROUND

A sort of anti-counterfeiting system known as a Blockchain-based

false product identification system uses the decentralized, tamper-proof
characteristics of blockchain technology to monitor and confirm the
authenticity of items.
A distributed ledger that records transactions in a safe, open, and
unchangeable way is what blockchain technology fundamentally is. An
immutable chain of transactions is produced because each block in the chain
carries a hash of the one before it. This implies that a transaction cannot be
changed or erased after it has been added to the blockchain.
Blockchain technology may be used to establish a tamper-proof
record of each product's path from the maker to the final customer in the
context of counterfeiting prevention. This record may contain details on the
product's history, the materials employed, the manufacturing procedure, and
the distribution methods. Making phony items that closely resemble real ones
is hard for counterfeiters to do when this information is tracked on a
blockchain. This is because the Blockchain-based system would quickly
identify and report any effort to bring phony goods into the supply chain.
A Blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting system may be made even
more secure using smart contracts in addition to the temper-proof features of
blockchain technology. Smart contracts are preprogrammed to automatically
be carried out when specific circumstances are satisfied. Smart contracts can
be used to enforce the laws and guidelines of the anti-counterfeiting industry.

1.2. MOTIVATION
A major issue for many sectors, counterfeiting threatens consumers'
health and undermines customer confidence while costing businesses money.
Effective anti-counterfeiting methods are thus urgently needed. In the fight
against counterfeiting, a Blockchain-based false product identification
system has the potential to be a game-changer.
It can stop counterfeiters from putting phony items into the supply

11
chain by giving a tamper-proof record of a product's travel from the maker to
the final user. By assuring openness and traceability, this method makes it
possible to confirm the authenticity of every product. This system's
application can help several businesses, including those in the food,
pharmaceutical, and luxury goods sectors, to mention a few.
A Blockchain-based approach for identifying phony products can
stop counterfeiting and guarantee product authenticity. It provides security
and transparency, shielding consumers from health hazards and companies
from lost sales. Food, medicines, and luxury items are just a few of the
industries that this system has the power to disrupt.

1.3. AIM OF THE PUROPSED WORK

Blockchain technology has the potential to transform the way we
verify product authenticity. It is possible to create an immutable record of a
product's journey from production to sale by using a decentralized network to
record and store information about products. This is particularly useful for
detecting fake or counterfeit products, which are a major issue in many
industries. Creating a product registry on the blockchain is one way to use
blockchain technology for fake product detection. This registry would
include detailed information about each product, such as its origin, resources,
and any applicable certifications.
This data could be entered into the registry at various points along
the supply chain, such as when the product is manufactured or shipped to a
retailer. The use of smart contracts is another potential application of
blockchain technology for fake product detection. These self-executing
contracts can be programmed to automatically verify a product's authenticity
based on predefined criteria. It is possible to verify the authenticity of a
product with a high degree of accuracy by creating an immutable record of
its journey from production to sale, thereby ensuring that consumers get what
they paid for.
A Blockchain-based fake product identification system can help to
reduce the prevalence of counterfeit products in the market by providing a
more transparent and secure way to verify the authenticity of products. A
Blockchain-based system can also help to build trust and confidence in the

12
 market by providing consumers with a more reliable way to verify the
authenticity of products, which can lead to increased sales and revenue for
businesses. Overall, the pos systems benefits of a Blockchain-based fake
product identification system are significant, and as the technology evolves
and matures, we will likely see increased adoption of this approach in a
variety of industries and applications.

1.4. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Piracy and counterfeiting are on the rise; in 2016, fake products worth $509 billion,
or 2.5% of global commerce, were captured. Most of the seized goods come from China
and Hong Kong, and counterfeiters target a broad range of goods. Small packages sent
by mail or courier are a common method of smuggling items, and regulatory loopholes
help the activity. The OECD and EU research issues a warning about the risks to
consumers as well as the harm to firms and governments.

Fig.1. Trends in trade in counterfeit and pirated goods

According to the Global Trade in Fakes study from the OECD and
EUIPO, the trade in counterfeit products reached roughly $449 billion in
2019—equivalent to the GDP of a mid-sized European nation.
Additionally, this market is about comparable to Hong Kong's GDP,
which accounts for 20% of the value of goods confiscated between 2017
and 2019. In 2019, the trade in fakes accounted for 6% of imports into the
European Union and 2.5% of global commerce.
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 Fig.2. Global trade volume with counterfeit goods in 2019

A widespread issue that can have negative health effects and damage the
pharmaceutical industry's reputation is counterfeit drugs. With nearly a third of anti-
malarial medications in sub-Saharan Africa being fraudulent, the WHO estimates that
bogus anti-malarial treatments alone result in more than 120,000 fatalities in Africa each
year. It is estimated that counterfeit drugs cost UK firms £36.9 billion a year and cost
US companies over $200 billion, costing more than 750,000 jobs. To address the issue,
the pharmaceutical business must enhance its data management procedures.

Fig.3. Pharmaceutical counterfeiting

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1.5. OBJECTIVE

The primary goal of using blockchain technology to detect fake products is to

ensure that consumers can buy genuine products and that businesses can sell genuine
products without being undermined by fake or counterfeit products. There are several
advantages to achieving this goal:

 Protecting consumers Fake products can be dangerous or of poor

quality, endangering consumers and harming legitimate businesses'
reputations.
 Protecting businesses Fake products can eat into legitimate businesses'
profits.
because they can be sold at a lower price and dilute the value of a brand.
 Promoting fair competition by detecting and preventing the sale of
counterfeit goods, the playing field can be leveled, and fair
competition can be promoted.
 Supporting economic growth Counterfeiting can harm economic
growth by decreasing demand for legitimate products and
discouraging innovation.

2. Literature Survey
2.1. Survey of the Existing Models/Work
1. In “BLOCKCHAIN BASED FAKE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
SYSTEM”, This system can use QR codes to provide a robust technique for
fighting counterfeiting, by linking a product's QR code to a corresponding entry
in the Blockchain database, allowing customers to easily check for product
authenticity. Blockchain technology can be used to identify and detect fake
products by using a system of decentralized, secure, and immutable databases.

2. In “A Blockchain-Based Fake Product Identification System”, The

Blockchain technology can foster trust between untrusting participants and can
be used to combat the sale of counterfeit products by allowing manufacturers
to add authentic product serial numbers onto a ledger. By using blockchain, the
data cannot be tampered with creating a trusted environment for consumers to
15
 verify the authenticity of a product before purchasing it.
3. In “System for Identifying Fake Product using Blockchain Technology”,
Counterfeit items have become a significant problem in the industrial industry,
affecting company reputation, sales, and profits. Blockchain technology can be
used to authenticate and identify counterfeit items by using a decentralized,
secure, and immutable digital ledger to record transactions.

4. In “Product Identification System Using Block chain”, Blockchain

technology ensures that the contents of data are tamper-proof, making it useful
for applications such as anti- counterfeiting for products. Our proposed
decentralized Blockchain system aims to confirm that buyers do not have to
rely solely on merchants to determine if products are genuine, allowing
manufacturers to supply genuine products without managing direct-operated
stores and reducing the cost of product quality assurance.

5. In “A System to Detect Fake Products using Blockchain Technology”, In

this study, blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are used to help users
distinguish between fake and original products by determining the genuineness
of fake products. Fake products, which are not from registered or branded
sellers and manufacturers, are becoming increasingly prevalent in the market
due to their low cost and similarity to original products.

6. In “BLOCK CHAIN IN FAKE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

USING QRCODE”, By recording transactions from manufacturing to the user,
blockchain technology can provide a higher level of security for the distribution
of legitimate pharmaceutical products and fake products can be identified by
using QR code scanning and handling product data. Blockchain technology can
be used in combination with other methods to reduce counterfeiting in the
pharmaceutical industry.

7. In “Blockchain-based Counterfeit Product Identification System”, In this

system use of method of identifying counterfeit products by scanning a unique
QR code is proposed. The method includes an ownership tracking system for
proof of purchase and authenticity, reducing costs from traditional anti-

16
 counterfeiting methods.

8. In “Fake Product Detection Using Blockchain Technology”, This system

prevents consumers from relying solely on merchants to determine product
authenticity and sends notifications to customers and manufacturers about the
authenticity of products. A blockchain- based system using QR codes can
identify and detect counterfeit products by linking codes to a database of
product details and unique codes.

9. In “Fake Product Detection using Blockchain”, A decentralized blockchain

network for anti- counterfeiting items is proposed, which allows manufacturers
to deliver genuine products without having to run their own outlets, reducing
costs for product quality assurance. The availability of fake products in the
market is a major challenge for the online retail industry, with an estimated
20% of products sold on online websites being fake.

10. In “Counterfeited Product Identification in a Supply Chain using

Blockchain Technology”, The use of this system can help to combat the issue
of fake products in online retail industry which is a major challenge and affects
almost 20% of products sold on online websites. This combined approach can
lower the cost of product quality assurance and track the authenticity of the
product from its origin to the end-user.

a. Summary/Gaps identified in the Survey.

The proposed Blockchain-based fake product identification system seeks to fill these
gaps by offering a decentralized and transparent solution that is readily available to all
supply chain participants. It takes advantage of the immutable properties of blockchain
technology to build a tamper-proof record of product history, allowing companies and
customers to instantly confirm the authenticity of items. Additionally, the use of smart
contracts eliminates the need for middlemen, lowering costs and improving system
efficiency.
By establishing a universal platform for product authentication, the suggested
17
solution also seeks to solve the issue of standardization. Businesses from many sectors
may utilize this platform to create a standardized method of identifying phony
products. The system's capacity to offer real-time verification and transparency may
also contribute to the development of consumer and business trust, which will boost
client happiness and loyalty.

11. Overview of the Proposed System

a. Introduction and Related Concepts
The suggested system, which uses blockchain technology to identify bogus
goods, intends to offer a safe and trustworthy method of product verification. It makes
use of blockchain technology to provide an unalterable and impenetrable record of a
product's history of production, distribution, and origin. The system can assist
companies and customers in identifying and stopping the sale of fake goods by
utilizing this technology.
The product registration module, the product verification module, and the
product tracking module make up the structure of the suggested system. Manufacturers
can register their products on the blockchain network using the product registration
module and assign each product a unique digital identity. With the help of the seller
module, sellers may acquire goods from producers and list them for sale on the
blockchain network. Consumers can use the product verification module to check a
product's blockchain record and scan its QR code to verify its authenticity before
purchasing it from a seller. Businesses can follow the path of their items through the
supply chain and identify instances of fake goods thanks to the product tracking
module. The suggested system's architecture is created to be user-friendly, safe, and
scalable to ensure that both enterprises and consumers may quickly embrace it.
The operation of the system depends on related ideas like distributed ledger
technology, encryption, and smart contracts. On the blockchain network, smart
contracts are self-executing programs that make it easier for transactions to be
automatically verified and carried out. While distributed ledger technology enables
multiple parties to access and instantly verify the same data, cryptography is used to
ensure data privacy and integrity.

b. Framework, Architecture or Module for the Proposed System (with

explanation)
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 A framework is a collection of rules, resources, and elements that serves as the
basis for the creation of a Blockchain-based fake product identification system. It
contains several technical and architectural standards that outline the system's
composition, features, and relationships with other parts.
A Blockchain Based Fake Product Identification System's framework must
be created to guarantee the system's effectiveness, dependability, and security.
Additionally, it must make it possible to integrate different elements like the
blockchain network, smart contracts, and user interfaces. To guarantee that the system
is created to the necessary standards and is secure, the framework should also provide
instructions for the development process, such as coding standards and testing
techniques.
Overall, a well-designed framework can significantly reduce the development time and
cost of the system, while also ensuring its functionality and security.

The suggested system is created utilizing a multi-layered, multi-module

architecture. A blockchain network that stores and validates product information, a
back-end database that keeps track of product transactions, and a front-end web
interface that lets users engage with the system make up the architecture.

Fig.4. Architecture diagram of blockchain based fake product identification system.

19
 The Blockchain Based Fake Product Identification System is a system for identifying
and tracking counterfeit products that uses QR codes, blockchain technology, and a
database. The system architecture is divided into several key components.

 Manufacture: This block represents the manufacturer who produces the product
and adds it to the Blockchain-based system.

 Add Product: This block represents the process of adding a new product to the
system by the manufacturer. The product information such as manufacturing date,
batch number, and product details are added to the system.

 QR Generator: This block represents the generation of a QR code that contains the
product information, which is attached to the product packaging.

 Seller: This block represents the seller who lists the product for sale on an e-
commerce platform or in a physical store.

 Add Seller: This block represents the process of adding a new seller to the
Blockchain-based system.

 Seller Buys Product: This block represents the process of a seller buying the
product from the manufacturer and adding it to their inventory.

 Blockchain Network: This block represents the network of computers that

maintain a distribution ledger of all the transactions on the system.

 Ethereum: This block represents the Ethereum blockchain platform that is used to
build the smart contract-based system.

 Product for Sale: This block represents the product that is available for purchase
by the consumer.

 Consumer: This block represents the end consumer who buys the product from the
seller.

 Show Product: This block represents the process of the consumer scanning the QR
code on the product packaging to view the product information.

 Genuine Product: This block represents the product that is verified as genuine by
the system.

 Counterfeit Product: This block represents the product that is identified as

20
 counterfeit by the system.

This architecture ensures that the system provides a secure and dependable way for
customers to verify the authenticity of products and for manufacturers to track the
movement of their products.

c. Proposed System Model (ER Diagram/UML Diagram/Mathematical

Modeling)
The proposed system model for the Blockchain-based fake product identification
system can be represented using an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram or a Unified
Modeling Language (UML) diagram.

Fig.5. ER diagram with attribute and entity

Fig.6. (ER) diagram that illustrates the connections between each block or entity.
21
The entities, characteristics, and relationships present in the system are shown in the ER
diagram. Products, producers, distributors, retailers, and customers are some of the entities
in this system. Product ID, Product Name, Manufacturer Name, Distributor Name, Retailer
Name, and Consumer Name are some of the properties connected to these entities.
Manufacturers and goods have a manufacturing relationship, distributors and products have
a distribution relationship, and retailers and customers have a buying relationship with
products.
Overall, the proposed system model using either an ER diagram or a UML diagram
provides a visual representation of the system's entities, attributes, and relationships,
making it easier to understand and implement.

4. Proposed System Analysis and Design

4.1. Introduction
The system analysis and design for a Blockchain-based fake product identification
system are being presented to solve the rising issue of counterfeiting, which is a concern for
many businesses. A tamper-proof record of a product's path from the producer to the final
customer is provided by the system using blockchain technology, assuring product
authenticity and preventing counterfeiters from entering phony items into the supply chain.
By removing the need for centralized middlemen and providing transparency and
traceability, this approach increases efficiency and reduces the likelihood of manipulation.
By guaranteeing the safety and authenticity of the items they provide, businesses like food,
medicines, and luxury goods, among others, can profit from the suggested system analysis
and design.
To verify its viability for implementation and to offer a thorough grasp of its
functionality, the proposed system's analysis and design will be carried out in this project.
This study will include, among other things, entity-relationship diagrams, data flow
diagrams, use case diagrams, and system requirements. The suggested Blockchain-based
fake product detection system may ultimately alter the way we determine a product's
authenticity and get us one step closer to a world devoid of counterfeit goods.

4.2. Requirement Analysis

4.2.1. Functional Requirements
4.2.1.1. Product Perspective

22
  The system must relate to the member companies' current supply
chain management systems.
 A tamper-proof record of the product's path from the maker to the
final consumer must be kept in the system.
 The system will make sure that each product can be authenticated.

4.2.1.2. Product features

 To ensure the product's legitimacy, the system must offer
transparency and traceability.
 By doing away with centralized middlemen, the system will be
more effective and less susceptible to manipulation.
 For simplicity of use, the system must have a user-friendly
interface.

4.2.1.3. User characteristics

 The system will serve customers and businesses from a variety of
sectors, including the food, pharmaceutical, and luxury products
industries.
 Depending on the user roles, such as producers, distributors,
retailers, and end users, the system should have various degrees of
access.
 The system must be capable of handling many users and
transactions at once.

4.2.1.4. Assumption & Dependencies

 The system will be supposing that participating companies
already have supply chain management systems in place.
 The blockchain technology's dependability and security are
essential to the system.

4.2.1.5. Domain Requirements

 The system must adhere to rules and regulations that are particular
to the business, such as FDA rules for drugs.

23
  To guarantee adherence to national laws, the system must connect
with pertinent government organizations.

4.2.1.6. User Requirements

 Users of the system will be able to scan a product's barcode or QR
code to confirm its legitimacy.
 Users will receive real-time updates on the product's route from
the maker to the final customer through the system.

4.2.2. Non-Functional Requirements

4.2.2.1. Product Requirements
4.2.2.1.1. Efficiency (in terms of Time and Space)
 Providing real-time information on the product's route from the
manufacturer to the final customer, the system must be quick and
responsive.
 To prevent delays for users when accessing the system, the
system must have low latency.
 The system must only need the bare minimum of storage to
maximize efficiency and cut expenses.

4.2.2.1.2. Reliability
 The system must be extremely dependable so that consumers can
always access it and trust the veracity of the product information
it provides.
 In the case of a system failure, the system must have a failover
mechanism to guarantee that it continues to function.

4.2.2.1.3. Portability
 The system must be platform-independent so that it may be
accessed from a variety of gadgets and operating systems.
 The system must work with a variety of operating systems and
web browsers to allow users to access it from their chosen
devices.

24
 4.2.2.1.4. Usability
 The system must have an intuitive user interface that makes it
simple for users to explore and use.
 Users will be guided by the system's clear and unambiguous
instructions on how to check the items' authenticity.
 To answer any problems or worries users may have while using
the system, user assistance is provided.

4.2.2.2. Organizational Requirements

4.2.2.2.1. Implementation Requirements (in terms of deployment)
 A phased rollout strategy for the system is required to prevent
disruption of ongoing company activities.
 Users of the system must get training on how to operate it
efficiently.
 The system must have a detailed deployment strategy that outlines
all the actions that must be taken.

4.2.2.2.2. Engineering Standard Requirements

 For the system to be dependable, scalable, and maintained, it must
follow industry-standard engineering methods.
 To guarantee that user data is safeguarded, the system must
adhere to all applicable standards and laws, such as GDPR
(General Data Protection Regulation).
 To make sure the system is error-free, and functions as planned, it
must go through a thorough testing and quality assurance
procedure.

4.2.2.3. Operational Requirements (Explain the applicability for

your work w.r.to the following operational requirement(s))
 Economic
o To ensure that the system offers value for money, its
installation and maintenance costs must be affordable.
o The technology will lower losses brought on by counterfeiting
and increase supply chain effectiveness, saving firms money.
25
 Environmental
o To ensure that the system is sustainable and environmentally
friendly, it must have a minimum influence on the
environment.
o The system will support ethical waste management procedures
and encourage the use of sustainable resources.
 Social
o The system should encourage social responsibility by making
sure that customers may have confidence in the goods they
buy.
o The system will aid in defending society from the harmful
impacts of fake goods, such as harm to health and safety.
 Political
o To ensure that the system is lawful and steer clear of political
controversies, it must abide by all applicable laws and
regulations.
o The system will encourage moral and open commercial
conduct, in line with political objectives of responsible and
ethical leadership.
 Ethical
o The system must encourage ethical behavior by ensuring
supply chain accountability and transparency.
o The system must secure user data and respect each user's right
to privacy.
 Health and Safety
o By guaranteeing that customers obtain genuine and secure
goods, the system will assist safeguard public health and
safety.
o The system must make sure that product details, including
production and expiration dates, are correct and easily
available.
 Sustainability

26
 o The system must encourage the use of environmentally
friendly products and prudent waste management.
o By reducing waste and encouraging responsible sourcing, the
system will assist in reducing the environmental impact of
counterfeiting.
 Legality
o The system must abide by all applicable laws and rules to be
legitimate and prevent legal issues.
o The system will offer a framework for the legal verification of
product authenticity, safeguarding companies, and customers
from counterfeiters.
 Inspect ability
o The system must offer an auditable trail of product
information so that regulatory agencies may examine and
confirm it.
o The technology will provide accountability and transparency
across the supply chain, making it simple to examine and
investigate any problems.

4.2.3. System Requirements

4.2.3.1. H/W Requirements (details about Application Specific
Hardware)
 Having at least 8 GB of RAM is generally advised for these
programs to run well.
 For optimal performance, the system needs a dependable internet
connection.
 A scanner or camera is necessary for the system to collect product
data and check for validity.

4.2.3.2. S/W Requirements (details about Application Specific

Software)
 Using blockchain technology and platforms like Ethereum or
Hyperledger Fabric, the system will be constructed.
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  For ease of use and accessibility, the system must include a web-
based user interface.
 For the system to store product data and transaction histories, a
secure database is necessary.
 To protect the security and privacy of the data, the system must
have encryption and authentication measures.

5. Results and Discussion

The potential benefits of using blockchain technology for bogus goods

identification are numerous. The capacity to produce an unchangeable record of a product's
path from creation to sale is one of the most significant advantages. With a high degree
of precision, this record may be used to confirm a product's legitimacy, assisting in
ensuring that customers receive what they paid for. As a result, there may be more
customer trust in the brand and less chance of reputational harm from fake goods.
Moreover, Blockchain-based solutions can aid in lowering the price of product
verification and improving the supply chain's speed and efficiency. This can result in lower
inventory costs, less waste, and more corporate profitability. Also, the supply chain may
benefit from increased openness and traceability thanks to blockchain technology. This can
assist in identifying and reducing any hazards that can develop during the manufacture and
distribution of goods, such as environmental difficulties, labor abuses, or other moral
dilemmas. Customers are anticipated to benefit from the proposed deployment of the
Blockchain-based system by having a dependable way to buy authentic and trustworthy
goods. While obstacles still exist, we are dedicated to overcoming them to make sure that
the system is successfully launched on a worldwide basis.

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Fig.7. Ganache server

Fig.8. MetaMask account

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Fig.9. Adding product by the manufacturer.

Fig.10. successfully adding the product, and the unique QR code is generated.

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Fig.11. The QR code is uploaded and ready to sell the product.

Fig.12. consumer purchase by seller

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 Fig.13. product verification result

6. References

[1]  Jambhulkar, S., Bhoyar, H., Dhore, S., Bidkar, A. and Desai, P., 2021.
BLOCKCHAIN BASED FAKE PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM.
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology
and Science, pp.2582-5208
[2] Dabbagh, Y., Khoja, R., AlZahrani, L., AlShowaier, G. and Nasser, N., 2022,
March. A Blockchain-Based Fake Product Identification System. In 2022 5th

32
 Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT) (pp. 48-52). IEEE
[3] Jadhav, R., Shaikh, A., Jawale, M.A., Pawar, A.B. and William, P., 2022, June.
System for Identifying Fake Product using Blockchain Technology. In 2022 7th
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES)
(pp. 851-854). IEEE
[4] Kumar, S., Gupta, V., Pachori, Y., Sharma, R. and Agarwal, A., 2021. Product
Identification System Using Block chain.
[5] Agrawal, N., Kushwaha, H., Shetty, S. and Lobo, V.B., 2022, June. A System
to Detect Fake Products using Blockchain Technology. In 2022 7th
International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES)
(pp. 874-878). IEEE
[6] Nila, U. and Vignesh, A.L.A., BLOCK CHAIN IN FAKE PRODUCT
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM USING QRCODE.
[7] Mhatre, M., Kashid, H., Jain, T. and Chavan, P., 2022. BCPIS: Blockchain-
based counterfeit product identification system. Journal of Applied Security
Research, pp.1-26
[8] Shreekumar, T., Mittal, P., Sharma, S., Kamath, R.N., Rajesh, S. and
Ganapathy, B.N., 2022. Fake Product Detection Using Blockchain Technology.
JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC STATISTICS, 13(3), pp.2815-2821
[9] Lavanya, P.M., Ananthi, N., Kumaran, K., Abinaya, M., Kalaivani, B.,
Krithika, V. and Rahul, S.S., 2021, December. Fake Product Detection using
Blockchain. In 2021 4th International Conference on Computing and
Communications Technologies (ICCCT) (pp. 133-137). IEEE
[10] Singh, S., Choudhary, G., Shandilya, S.K., Sihag, V. and Choudhary, A.,
2021. Counterfeited Product Identification in a Supply Chain using Blockchain
Technology. Research Briefs on Information & Communication Technology
Evolution, 7, p.3

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