UTS (Final Reviewer)

The document discusses the concepts of emotion and the spiritual self. It provides definitions and theories related to emotion, including Paul Ekman's six basic emotions of sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust. It also discusses theories of emotion like physiological, neurological, cognitive, and social theories. For the spiritual self, it defines spirituality as an individual's process of seeking meaning and discusses characteristics like being personal and not anchored to any religion. It provides examples of spiritual practices like meditation, yoga, and self-inquiry.

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UTS (Final Reviewer)

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Zel

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Emotional Self

What is Emotion?

 Basic emotion is easy to determine based on facial or physical reaction.

 Generally, across culture we ONLY have the same emotion.

The six (6) basic emotion developed by Paul Ekman:

1. Sadness – emotional state characterized by feelings of disappointment, grief, or

hopelessness.
2. Happiness – pleasant emotional state that elicits feelings of joy, contentment, and
satisfaction.
3. Fear – A primal emotion that is important to survival and triggers a fight/flight response.
4. Anger – emotional state leading to feelings of hostility and frustration.
5. Surprise – A brief emotional state, either positive or negative, following something
unexpected. This emotion stays for a few seconds compared to other emotions.
6. Disgust – strong emotion that results in the feeling of being repulsed.
 These emotions don’t have an image.
 Emotions are part of our self.
 According to Paul Ekman, emotions change how we see the world and how we interpret the
actions of others.
 According to Helen Keller, the best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or
touch they must be felt w/the heart. On the other hand, you can see the emotions of others by
feelings.
 We can control our reaction, not the action of others.
 According to Dr. T.P. Chia, we all at the mercy of our emotions. Our emotions influence and shape
our desires, thoughts and behavior and above all our destiny.
 Emotions are relevant to our self development.
 Don’t apologize if you are sensitive or emotional.
 Change your mindset and develop positive emotion.
 Pause, Acknowledge, Think, Help (PATH) – it means if you are overwhelmed w/your emotion
start to use PATH.
5 rules if the person is MAD:
1. Ang naunang nagalit ang may karapatang magalit.
2. Walang taong nag-aaway mag isa.
3. Ang taong galit, “BINGE”
4. Ang taong galit, may pinagdadaanan
5. Ang taong galit, may Ikino-contribute siya sa iyong pagkatao.
 An important aspect of understanding the self is acknowledging the presence of
emotions. Emotions serve as a driving force in how one acts and behaves. It plays a part in
making decisions, embracing certain lifestyles, and relating to others.
 Emotions are the lower-level responses occurring in the brain, which create biochemical
reactions in the body, and consequently cause changes in one’s physical state.
 While emotion is a biological experience and
response, feelings have been defined as the mental
portrayal of what is going on in your body when you have an emotion and are the by-product of
your brain perceiving and assigning meaning to the emotion.
 In other words, feelings are subjective experiences that frame the interpretation of emotion.
 A mood is an affective state. In contrast to emotions or feelings, moods are less specific, less
intense, and less likely to be provoked or instantiated by a particular stimulus or event. Moods
are typically described as having either a positive or negative valence.

The Emotional Components

Theories of Emotion

 PHYSIOLOGICAL THEORIES suggest that responses within the body are responsible for
emotions.
 NEUROLOGICAL THEORIES propose that activity within the brain leads to emotional
responses.
 COGNITIVE THEORIES argue that thoughts and other mental activities play an essential
role in forming emotions.
 SOCIAL THEORIES posit that emotions occur within the course of social interactions and
within social settings.

Function of Emotion

1. Adaptive - one of the most important functions of emotions is preparing the body for action. In
this sense, each emotion, regardless of any positive or negative connotations, is useful in its own
way.
2. Social - emotions communicate our emotional state of mind and express what is going on
inside. In addition, they also facilitate social interaction.
3. Motivational - The relationship between motivation and emotions is bidirectional. There is
constant feedback between emotions and motivation and vice versa.
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to identify and manage one’s own
emotions, as well as the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence is generally
said to include at least three skills:

1. Emotional awareness, or the ability to identify and name one’s own

emotions.
2. The ability to harness those emotions and apply them to tasks like
thinking and problem solving; and
3. The ability to manage emotions, which includes both regulating one’s
own emotions when necessary and helping others to do the same.

Emotion regulation is a term generally used to describe a person’s ability to effectively manage

and respond to an emotional experience. People unconsciously use emotion regulation strategies to
cope with difficult situations many times throughout each day.

Most of us use a variety of emotion regulation strategies and are able to apply them to different
situations in order to adapt to the demands of our environment.

Sources of Emotions and Moods:

1. Personality
2. Day of the week and time of the day
3. Weather
4. Stress
5. Social activity
6. Sleep

TIPS on Effective way of Managing Emotion

1. awareness
2. Discovering the “why” of emotions
3. “What Is the Solution?”
4. Choose How You Want to React

We should understand the situation we tend to struggle with. We know the breathing method for
grounding (control what we are thinking), talk to someone to improve mood.

Spiritual Self

An aspect of self that is associated with an individual’s process of seeking and expressing meaning and
how he or she is connected to the self, to others, to the moment, and to everything else that composes
his or her environment, including the sacred and significant (Puchalski, 2014).

The spiritual self is an ongoing, personal life journey, contextualized by the belief in a higher being,
culture, relationships, nature, and the discovery of meaning in one’s life.

Spirituality talks about MEANING AND PURPOSE that go beyond the physical realities of life.
The concept of the “whole person” is usually associated with the idea of human beings as
having physical and psychological, However, there is a third aspect of being human that is as
important as the 2 precedents: the spiritual aspect.

Highlighting the mind-body-spirit connection, the spiritual self is an ongoing, personal life journey,
contextualizes by the belief in a higher being, culture, relationships, nature, and the discovery of
meaning in one’s life.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIRITUALITY
 Individual
 Spiritual attributes include the need for a spiritual quest, ecumenical world views, compassion,
service, and inner peace.
 It is not anchored on any religious orientation.
 it is a personal, subjective experience that varies from person to person.

PRECEPTS OF SPIRITUALITY

“SPIRITUAL ME”
 one's inner thinking and feeling
 "The true, the intimate, the ultimate, the permanent me that “a person seeks”
 the "core" and "sanctuary of our life “, the highest level of self-organization, more
advanced than the "material me" and the "social me."
WHAT IS SPIRITUALY?

 It is the process of making the mind free. (free from fears, worries)
 Peace of the Universe.
 Accepting the FACT.
 Living in Harmony
 Process of awakening from ordinary consciousness.
 Spirituality is associated with Metaphysics.
 Being spiritual does not mean subscribing from beliefs.
 It is about questioning and exploring the deepest TRUTH of the universe.
 Spirituality does NOT involve religion, dogma/ideology.
 Spirituality is not about worshipping, it does not involve figure.

Practices for Spirituality:

 Meditation
 Yoga
 Self-Inquiry
 Psychedelics
 Deep breathing
Spiritual Self in the Different Psychological Perspective:
Psychodynamic Theories

 An implication of psychodynamic theories for spiritual identity development is

that individuals may develop a sense of their spiritual selves in connection and
continuity with God.
 According to Erikson (1996), the objects that shape the spiritual self-include
one's parents and one's God. Erikson purported that the parent-child
relationship is "transferred" to a God-spiritual child relationship.

THEORIES OF SPIRITUAL:
1. COGNITIVE THEORIES
 Cognitive theorists conceptualize identity development as a meaning-making process.
From his research with children, Elkind (1997) posited that developing individuals have
a "cognitive need capacity" to know that life has permanence, specifically that their
lives have permanence (i.e., that they have eternal identities).
 He further proposed that religion provides answers to the question of permanence as
well as fills subsequent "need capacities": needs to symbolize, to relate to, and to
understand God.
2. NARRATIVE THEORIES
 Narrative theorists proposed that individuals achieve spiritual identities by linking
their life stories to the narratives of a religious community system and to their
ongoing stories of personal revelation from God.
 These spiritual narratives may give individuals a sense of life continuity through eternal
life stories and of connection to God through spiritual self-to-God story themes.