UNIT 12: ODD QUESTIONS
1. Describe how something works (~ process)
- What: Objects (positions, size – made of – purposes
- When: stages (start – end, relationship between steps – where it is divided)
- Why
stages (how many stages, start – end, relationship between steps – where it is divided)
Intro: The diagram/ picture shows/ illustrates the way to operate …/ how to..
The diagram depicts the construction of …. and its working mechanism.
Overview: purpose
Overall, the construction consists of several parts, including the… It is also clear
from the diagrams that the mechanism of a typical … involves …
Body 1: Equipment (Construction: Up – down, Big – small)
Regarding the equipment of the …, there is../ the largest/ upper part is .., which is a
combination of…
Under … is/ are… catering for/ to/ allow
On the top of…, whose function is to
.. is/ are positioned in front of/..
…functions as
Body 2: Operation
Turning next to what .. need to do inside the…, ..
After/ Before… ,…
…., after which/ which is followed by…
Example 1: The picture below shows how a hot balloon works.
The diagram depicts the construction of a hot air balloon and its working mechanism.
Overall, the construction consists of several parts, including the envelope, the skirt, the burner
and the basket. It is also clear from the diagrams that the mechanism of a typical hot-air
balloon involves the upward circulation of hot air.
Regarding the equipment of the hot balloon, the largest part is called envelop, which is a
combination of multiple strips of fabric called gores. These gores are made by many nylon
panels sewed together. The gores altogether form the balloon shape when fully inflated.
On top of the envelop is a parachute valve, whose function is to open or close like a sealing
flap. This allows hot air to escape in a controlled manner.
The skirt is at the base of the envelope and the inside is made from a flame-resistant material
to withstand the heat from the burners.
The burners are fixed to a metal frame below the skirt and above the basket, which provides
seats for passengers and the propane cylinders. These burners function as an engine,
mixing propane with oxygen to generate hot air for the balloon.
As for the working mechanism, hot air is fed into the envelope by the burners. The hot air
inside is lighter than the cold air outside, thus providing a buoyant force to lift the entire
structure.
Example 2: The diagram below shows the development of cutting tools
in the Stone Age.
Construction – purposes
- What: Objects (OSASHCOMP) – opinion – size – age – shape- colour – origin –
materials – purpose
Parts of the objects
- When: the time period
- Why: to cater for, in order to, so as to
Intro: The diagram/ picture shows/ illustrates how S + V , with A dating + time,
and B + time
Overview: purpose
Some important changes: (size, shape, emergence of new features)
Overall, A has changed/ increased significantly in…with A.. and B
Overall, A…, while B…
Functions (optional): The transformation serves as/ allows…
Body 1 - Body 2: features/ time period
A…, which was … shorter than B
.. reveals that/ indicate that..
Make it easier/ so as to/ in order to/ allow
Tool A/ B – the other – earlier form/ earlier counterpart – the latter/ former
Sides/ surfaces/ edges/ lines
Change/ transform/ alteration/ modification/ variation/ improvement
OSASHCOMP: opinion – size – age – shape- colour – origin – materials – purpose
Smooth/ rugged- long/ short/ big/ small/ thick – earlier/ latter/ former/ ancestors/ rudimental
– sharper/ pointy shape/ resemble a water drop/ less defined/ well-defined - darker / lighter
Example:
The picture shows how cutting tools in the Stone Age had developed, with tool A dating 1.4
million years ago, and Tool B 0.8 million years ago.
Overall, tools used for cutting have changed significantly in size and shape, with tool A
being much more rudimental and its edge being less defined/ sharp, and tool B being larger
and longer and its surface being less rugged than its counterpart. Both improvements
allowed people to hold it more easily and enhanced its cutting function.
Overall, tool A was much more rudimental, with its edge being less defined and sharp, while
tool B was larger and longer than its counterpart and its surface was less rugged. Both
improvements allowed people to hold it more easily and enhanced its cutting function.
Body 1: Length – front – back view
Tool A was about 9 cm long, which was approximately 2 cm shorter than tool B. The front
and back views of both tools reveal that the latter’s surface was much smoother, and its
pointy shape resembled a water drop, making it easier to hold at the bigger end and more
efficient in piercing food.
Body 2: The side view clearly indicates that the thickness of both tools was the same.
However, the well-defined line running from the top to bottom of the picture means tool B
had become sharper.
Example 3: The diagrams below show the development of the horse over a
period of 40 million years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features, and make comparisons where relevant
Body parts: Manes - hoof- hooves – legs – neck – head – tail – toe – body
Evolve – linage –closest ancestor – descendant – present-day horse
OSASHCOMP:
Body size – body parts
Manes: noticeable,
hoof- hooves
legs
neck: short, doubled in size, length
tail: short, long, thick
toe: bigger
Example:
The picture shows how the horse has evolved through the course of 40 million years/ a 40-
million-year period.
Overall, the size of the horse has changed significantly with the emergence of new features
such as
Overall, tool A was much more rudimental, with its edge being less defined and sharp, while
tool B was larger and longer than its counterpart and its surface was less rugged. Both
improvements allowed people to hold it more easily and enhanced its cutting function.
Body 1: Length – front – back view
Tool A was about 9 cm long, which was approximately 2 cm shorter than tool B. The front
and back views of both tools reveal that the latter’s surface was much smoother, and its
pointy shape resembled a water drop, making it easier to hold at the bigger end and more
efficient in piercing food.
Body 2: The side view clearly indicates that the thickness of both tools was the same.
However, the well-defined line running from the top to bottom of the picture means tool B
had become sharper.
