WOODWORKING MACHINERY

TITLE PROGRAMMING XNC

Brief Description
Applies to: XNC 2001

PROGRAMMING
XNC 2.0.0.1.

F2

X
F1
Y

Z
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CONTENTS

1 – QUOTE ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 –GLOBAL RESET ................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 –MANUAL MOVEMENTS .................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 –PROGRAMMED MOVEMENTS......................................................................................................... 5
1.4 – SPINDLES ENABLING...................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 – AUTOMATIC...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.6 – POSITIONS ENVIRONMENT MENU .................................................................................................. 7
2 – TOOLING CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 – TOOLS TABLE .................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1.1 – BORING TOOLS ............................................................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 –BORING TYPE................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.3 – ELECTROSPINDLE TOOLS........................................................................................................... 11
2.1.4 – SECTIONING TOOLS..................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 – AGGREGATES TABLE...................................................................................................................... 13
2.3 – TOOLING......................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 – SYMMETRIES ................................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.2 – GROUPS ......................................................................................................................................... 17
3 – PROGRAM EDITOR............................................................................................................................ 18
3.1 – PARAMETERS BOX ....................................................................................................................... 18
3.2 – OPTIMISED BORING ........................................................................................................................ 19
3.2.1 – VERTICAL BORING ....................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.2 – INSERTIONS .................................................................................................................................. 21
3.2.3 – SYSTEM 32 CORRECTED IN THE CENTRE................................................................................ 21
3.2.4 – SYSTEM 32 WITH FIXED START VALUE..................................................................................... 22
3.2.5 – HINGE ............................................................................................................................................. 23
3.2.6 – HINGE MOUNTING PLATES ......................................................................................................... 23
3.2.7 – HORIZONTAL BORING.................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.8 –HORIZONTAL BORING SERIES..................................................................................................... 24
3.3 – CONTROL BUTTONS........................................................................................................................ 25
3.3.1 – EDITING A BORING OPERATION................................................................................................. 25
3.3.2 – DELETING BORES......................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.3 – OPTIMISED BORING ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.4 - OPTIMISED BORING DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................ 26
3. 5 – SAVING A PROGRAM...................................................................................................................... 27
3.6 – NON-OPTIMISED BORING ............................................................................................................... 28
3.6.1 – VERTICAL BORING ....................................................................................................................... 28
3.6.2 – HORIZONTAL BORING .................................................................................................................. 28
3.7 – MILLING PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................... 30
3.7.1 – AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGE........................................................................................................ 30
3.7.2 – MACHINING START POINT........................................................................................................... 31
3.7.3 – TOOL RADIUS COMPENSATION.................................................................................................. 32
3.7.4 - SEGMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 34
3.7.5 - ARCS ............................................................................................................................................... 36
3.7.6 – SWITCHING OFF THE ELECTROSPINDLE.................................................................................. 39
3.7.7 – EGA MILLING ................................................................................................................................. 39
EGA PROGRAM EXAMPLE ....................................................................................................................... 41
LIST OF CASES SOLVED USING EGA..................................................................................................... 44
3.8 – BLADE CUTS..................................................................................................................................... 46
3.8.1 – BLADE CUTS IN X.......................................................................................................................... 46
3.8.2 – BLADE CUTS IN Y.......................................................................................................................... 46
3.8.3 – FORMATTING................................................................................................................................. 47
3.8.4 – SERIES OF CUTS .......................................................................................................................... 47
3.9 – C AXIS................................................................................................................................................ 48
3.9.1 – BORING ON AN INCLINED LINE USING THE C AXIS ................................................................. 48
3.9.2 – TANGENT TRACKING BORING WITH THE C AXIS (PCT ENABLED) ........................................ 49

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EXAMPLE OF A PROGRAM WITH BORING ON AN INCLINED LINE OR ON AN ARC, USING THE C

AXIS51
3.10 – SIDE MACHINING ........................................................................................................................... 52
3.10.1 – WORK TABLE CHANGING .......................................................................................................... 52
3.10.2 – SIDE COMPENSATION................................................................................................................ 53
3.10.3 – SIDE MACHINING USING A HORIZONTAL ELECTROSPINDLE (SLOT ON S4)...................... 53
3.10.4 – SIDE MACHINING WITH AN AGGREGATE ON THE C AXIS .................................................... 56
EXAMPLE OF A SLOT PROGRAM USING AN AGGREGATE ON THE C AXIS, SIDE 4 ........................ 58
3.11 - SUSPENSIONS ................................................................................................................................ 59
3.12 - SUBPROGRAMS.............................................................................................................................. 59
3.13 – PARAMETER PROGRAMMING...................................................................................................... 60
EXAMPLE OF A PARAMETER PROGRAM............................................................................................... 61
3.14 – MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS .................................................................................................... 62
3.14.1 – JUMP COMMAND ........................................................................................................................ 62
3.14.2 – ROTATE COMMAND.................................................................................................................... 63
3.14.3 – REPEAT COMMAND .................................................................................................................... 63
3.14.4 –“SCALE TO” COMMAND ............................................................................................................... 63
3.14.5 –“M” COMMANDS............................................................................................................................ 64
4 – TOOLING SYSTEM................................................................................................................................... 65

5 - ASSISTED EDITOR GENERATOR........................................................................................................... 67

6 – DISK MANAGER....................................................................................................................................... 70

7 - AUTOMATIC .............................................................................................................................................. 72
7.1 - PROGRAM.......................................................................................................................................... 72
7.2 - LIST..................................................................................................................................................... 72
7.2.1 – FIELDS DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 73
8 – DEBUG...................................................................................................................................................... 74

APPENDIX A – NEWS ON 2001 VERSION ................................................................................................... 75

DYNAMIC CONTROL OF JIG THICKNESS............................................................................................... 75
DOUBLE MOVEMENT STOP CONTROL .................................................................................................. 76
PROGRAM SIGNALLING THE ORIGIN’S TRANSLATION ....................................................................... 77
SIGNALLING THE ORIGIN’S TRANSLATION BY MEANS OF SOFTKEYS ............................................. 78
DOUBLE MOVEMENT STOP CONTROL ON TOOLING SYSTEM........................................................... 78
STARTING A PROGRAM FROM A SINGLE ORIGIN................................................................................ 78
PARKING CONTROL WITH M212 (SUSPENSION WITHOUT UNLOCKING).......................................... 79
NEW TOOLING SYSTEM FOR WT TOOLING .......................................................................................... 79
MACHINING WITH HORIZONTAL ELECTROSPINDLE............................................................................ 80

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1 – QUOTE

The “Quote” environment is the main page of the XNC control, which is automatically
displayed at each start-up. From here it is possible to execute all types of movement, with
or without pieces.

2 B

D
3

4
5 Fig.1

1 Override percentage indicator. This indicates the percentage of the programmed

speed selected from the Potentiometer on NC or remote control
2 Relative or absolute axes position (the reference element is inside the box (5)).
3 Information relevant to the selected operation mode.
4 Operation mode.

The following describes the operations that can be accessed from the manual
environment.

1.1 –GLOBAL RESET

This function (Fig.1, letter A) is used to reset all of the machine axes and must be
executed each time that the system is started.
The procedure for use is as follows:
- Press the buttons [STOP] and [RESET] on the NC keyboard to enable machine power
(if the machine is switched off).

- Select the function by clicking on the relevant icon or using the fast keys [SHIFT]+[F1].
- Press the [START] button on the NC to start the axes reset.

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1.2 –MANUAL MOVEMENTS

This function (Fig.1, letter B pag.4) is used to move the machine axes manually in their
positive or negative direction and without having to create a specific program to do so.
The procedure to use this function is as follows:
- Select the axis to be moved using the mouse (the box will become dark blue).
- Press the [+] or [-] key (also known as JOG keys) to proceed in a positive or negative
direction at “Slow Speed ”. Using the (wave) key together with the other two keys, the
axis will move at “Fast Speed ”.

- To set the values for “Slow Speed” and “Fast Speed ” double-click the left mouse
button on the axis rectangle and type the new speed value [expressed in m/min] into
the new window that opens.

1.3 –PROGRAMMED MOVEMENTS

This function (Fig.1, letter C pag.4) is used to make precise movements for each axis by
setting the value of the position to be reached.
The procedure to use this function
is as follows:
- Select the function by clicking on
the corresponding icon or using
the fast keys [SHIFT] + [F3], and
press the [ESC] key.
- Double-click on the axis to be
moved and set the target
position to be reached in the “X
Axis Data” window:

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- Target Position ⇒ The target position to be reached by the selected axis after the
[START] key is pressed.

- Movement ⇒ Step for programmed movements. When the Jog [+] or [-] keys are
pressed, the machine moves incrementally in steps of the value set in this field until it
reaches the target position.

- Extended Movement ⇒ Step for extended programmed movements. When the Jog [+]
or [-] keys are pressed with the key for fast movements (wave), the machine moves
incrementally in steps of the value set in this field until it reaches the target position.

- Speed ⇒ Programmed movements speed.

- Spindle ⇒ Position reference spindle.

1.4 – SPINDLES ENABLING

This function may only be accessed when the manual movements mode has been
selected. It serves to pneumatically enable the mobile parts of the head, such as the
vertical and horizontal spindles and the various slots that are present.
The procedure to use this function is as follows:
- Select the “Manual movements” mode.
- Select the function by clicking on the relevant icon or using the fast key [F4].
- Select the type required (vertical spindles (T), horizontal spindles (TH) or
electrospindles (TP)) in the window, shown in the figure below.
- Left-click with the mouse on the button for the element to be forced down.

- To bring the selected element back to the up position, click on the relevant button
again.

PLEASE NOTE: The use of this function is advised only after having turned the tooling
selector [SAT] (key on NC) in order to cut out the machine power and avoid accidental
movements of the machine axes.

1.5 – AUTOMATIC

This function (Fig.1, letter D pag.4) is used to execute a program or an existing work list.
The procedure to use this function is as follows:
- Select the function by clicking on the relevant icon or using the fast keys [SHIFT]+[F4].
- Select the program or work list to be executed.

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- Press the [START] button on the NC (make sure that the machine power has first been
enabled).

To select a program or a work list:

- Click on the relevant icon or use the fast keys [F1] ⇒ Open programs [F2] ⇒ Open
work lists.

1.6 – POSITIONS ENVIRONMENT MENU

Other functions are available from the pull-down menu in the “Positions” environment:

From the options menu it is possible to select the reset mode:

- Options ⇒ Reset ⇒ global ⇒ Resets all axes.

⇒ Reset ⇒ single ⇒ Resets the selected axis only.

- Options ⇒ Configuration ⇒ Select the tooling machine data configuration used in the
program to be executed.
- Options ⇒ Versions ⇒ Machine and software versions.

From the Position menu it is possible to select the display mode for axes positions, that
is, what the positions refer to (the displayed options are subordinate to the type of
password entered):

- Position ⇒ Relative: the relative position compared to the origin.

⇒ Absolute: the position compared to the machine zero (machine origins tables in
machine data ⇒ axes data).
⇒ Residual: the difference between the target and current positions. This differs
from zero when, during the program execution stage, the axis stops before reaching
the target position (e.g. limit switch).
⇒ Theoric: the absolute position that the axis must reach (updated in real time).
⇒ Rel. theoric: the real position that the axis must reach (updated in real time).
⇒ Target: the absolute position that the axis must reach (not updated in real time).
⇒ Rel. target: the relative position that the axis must reach.
⇒ Micro/Marker: the distance in millimetres given by the existing difference
between the release of the reset micro and the reading of the encoder zero marker.
This value must be approx. half of the encoder movement read in the machine data,
axes data.
- Position ⇒ millimetres
- Position ⇒ origin
- Position ⇒ spindle

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2 – TOOLING CONFIGURATION

Before being able to create any type of program, it is necessary to define the tools
required for machining.
From the “Cni Start” menu toolbar, select the application “Graphic Tooling”, which is
used to edit, create, delete and fit all types of tools as well as containing all of the machine
configuration parameters.

Fig.1

A
Field
(A) Tool Category
(B) Tool Associated B
drawing

Access to the tools table is only permitted to users with at least a level 5 password:

Level 5 password ⇒ Proman

To enter the password:

- Select “Edit” ⇒ “Keyword” from the menu.

- Type the password in the relevant box (Fig.1).

2.1 – TOOLS TABLE

The table that is used to manage all of the tools is known as “TOOLS”.
Select “Technical Data” from the menu:

Technical Data ⇒ Tooling ⇒ Tools

The following section describes how to complete the table for each type of tool and
machining: Boring, Milling and Sectioning.

To create a new tool, position the cursor on an empty column in the table and assign a
name to the new tool from:

Edit ⇒ Rename
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2.1.1 – BORING TOOLS

Diameter [mm] Tool diameter (D).

Length [mm] Tool length measured from the nose of the spindle to the bit of the tool (L).
Drill Type This identifies the type of bore. The NC automatically associates a FIXED CYCLE
to each type of bore and this contains the speed information required for optimum
piece machining using the type of drill bit selected.
1 – blind bores; 2 – through bores
Working Select the machining type F ⇒ Boring.
Work Sp. [m\min] Sp. at which the tool moves from the safety position to the piece.
Connected (Optional field) This is the drawing that will be used together with the tool in “Graphic
Drawing Tooling” (Fig.1_A pag.8) To displays a list of drawings: Edit ⇒ Drawing list.
Standard Biesse: Blind holes⇒Fora.dxf; Through bores⇒Lancia.dxf; Hinge⇒
Cerniera.dxf; Countersunk bores⇒Svasato.dxf
Category (Optional field) This is used to facilitate the search for tools. It allows tools to be
catalogued by number and makes them available by icon in “Graphic Tooling”
(Fig.1_B pag.8). Standard Biesse:
(1)⇒ Blind holes; (2)⇒ Through bores; (3)⇒ Hinge; (4)⇒ Countersunk bores
Corrector This is not required for boring tools (type F);
Type
Rotation Sp. This is not required for boring tools (type F);
Tool This indicates the height of the cutter, that is, the maximum depth that the tool can
Thickness reach (Th).
Direction of This is not required for boring tools (type F);
Rotation
Max. This is not required for boring tools (type F); it is obtained from the machine datum.
Rotation Sp.
Min. This is not required for boring tools (type F); it is obtained from the machine datum.
Rotation Sp.
Acceleration This is not required for boring tools (type F); it is obtained from the machine datum.
Ramp
Deceleration This is not required for boring tools (type F); it is obtained from the machine datum.
Ramp
Tool This is not required for boring tools (type F);
Dimensions

TOOL DIMENSIONS TOOL CATEGORY

(1) (2) (3) (4)

L
Th

D
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2.1.2 –BORING TYPE

A specific fixed cycle is associated to the number specified in the relevant field in the
tools table. The working speed that must be automatically recalled by the machine each
time that it creates an optimised boring program is specified in this cycle. Biesse already
supplies the configurations for 2 types of bore. To add new types, it is necessary to open
the table:

Technical Data ⇒ Tooling ⇒Drilling Type

For new types, the names of the fixed cycles to be used on each machined side must be
specified in the table.

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2.1.3 – ELECTROSPINDLE TOOLS

Diameter [mm] Tool diameter (D).

Length [mm] Tool length measured from the nose of the spindle to the bit of the tool (L).
Drill Type Not required for (type P) tools. Required for Optix CAM only.
Working Select the machining type P ⇒ Milling.
Work Sp. [m\min] Sp. at which the tool moves from the safety position to the programmed
depth.
Connected (Optional field) This is the drawing that will be used together with the tool in “Graphic
Drawing Tooling” (Fig.1_A pag.8) To displays a list of drawings Edit ⇒ Drawing list. Standard
Biesse: Straight router bit⇒Candela.dxf; Shaped router bit ⇒Sagomata.dxf;
Category (Optional field) This is used to facilitate the search for tools. It allows tools to be
catalogued by number and to make them available by icon in “Graphic Tooling”
(Fig.1_B pag.8). Standard Biesse: (5) – Straight router bit; (6) Shaped router bit
Corrector Indicates the vertical plane (Z+) correction of the measurements given in the
Type previous fields. For milling tools, set to ⇒ 0
Rotation Sp. [r.p.m.] Tool rotation Sp.
Tool This indicates the height of the cutter, that is, the maximum depth that the tool can
Thickness reach (Th).
Direction of Tool rotation direction ⇒ 1 - right; 2 – left
Rotation
Max. [r.p.m.] Maximum tool rotation Sp.
Rotation Sp.
Min. [r.p.m.] Minimum tool rotation Sp.
Rotation Sp.
Acceleration [m/sec] Time required for the electrospindle to pass from zero to maximum speed
Ramp (24,000 [r.p.m.]).
Deceleration [m/sec] Time required for the electrospindle to pass from maximum to zero speed.
Ramp
Tool ONLY for ROVER30 with magazine with shuttle loader.
Dimensions 1 ⇒ 0 < O < 60 ; 3 ⇒ 110 ≤ O <160
2 ⇒ 60 ≤ O < 110 ; 4 ⇒ O > 160

HSK CONE ISO 30 CONE

≈2mm

L
L
Th
Th
D
D

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2.1.4 – SECTIONING TOOLS

Diameter [mm] Tool diameter (D).

Length [mm] Blade thickness (L).
Drill Type Not required for (type S) tools. Required for Optix CAM only.
Working Select the machining type S ⇒ Sectioning.
Work Sp. [m\min] Sp. at which the tool moves from the safety position to the piece.
Connected (Optional field) This is the drawing that will be used together with the tool in “Graphic
Drawing Tooling” (Fig.1_A) To displays a list of drawings: Edit ⇒ Drawing list. Standard
Biesse: Blade⇒Lama.dxf
Category (Optional field) This is used to facilitate the search for tools. It allows tools to be
catalogued by number and to make them available by icon in “Graphic Tooling”
(Fig.1_B pag.8). Standard Biesse: (9)-Lama
Corrector For sectioning tools, set to ⇒ 1
Type Indicates that the dimensions supplied for the blade, considering it as placed on a
horizontal plane, must be “corrected” in Z+ (vertical plane), that is in the working
plane of the blade.
Rotation Sp. [r.p.m.] Tool rotation Sp.
Tool Datum not required.
Thickness
Direction of Tool rotation direction ⇒ 1 - right; 2 – left
Rotation
Max. [r.p.m.] Maximum tool rotation Sp.
Rotation Sp.
Min Rotation [r.p.m.] Minimum tool rotation Sp.
Sp.
Acceleration [m/sec] Time required for the electrospindle to pass from zero to maximum speed
Ramp (24,000 [r.p.m.]).
Deceleration [m/sec] Time required for the electrospindle to pass from maximum to zero speed.
Ramp
Tool ONLY for ROVER30 with magazine with shuttle loader.
Dimensions 1 ⇒ 0 < O < 60 ;3 ⇒ 110 ≤ O <160
2 ⇒ 60 ≤ O < 110 ;4 ⇒ O > 160

ROTATION DIRECTION BLADE DIMENSIONS

Advance L
direction

Lh

Rh
Advance
direction

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2.2 – AGGREGATES TABLE

To configure the aggregates, it is necessary to access another table:

Select “Technical Data” from the menu:

Technical Data ⇒ Tooling ⇒ Aggregates

To create a new tool, position the cursor on an empty column in the table and assign a
name to the new tool from:
Edit ⇒ Rename

2.2.1 – AGGREGATES

X Rotation Centre This is the Offset of the aggregate centre of rotation along the X axis
compared to the slot axis. If they coincide, enter 0.
Y Rotation Centre Not used. Set to ⇒ 0
Z Rotation Centre This is the Offset of the aggregate centre of rotation along the Z axis
compared to the nose of the slot.
Type of Aggregate F ⇒ Boring; P ⇒ Milling; S ⇒ Sectioning.
Connected (Optional field) This is the drawing that will be used together with the tool in
Drawing “Graphic Tooling” (Fig.1_A) Edit ⇒ Drawing list (displays a list of drawings).
Category (Optional field) This is used to facilitate the search for tools. It allows tools
to be catalogued by number and to make them available by icon in “Graphic
Tooling” (Fig.1_B).
Add. Corrector in Z Not used. Set to ⇒ 0
Rotation Speed Multiplication factor for the rotation Speed of the sub-spindle compared to
Multiplier that of the electrospindle (1 ⇒ the speeds coincide).
Tool Dimensions ONLY for ROVER30 with magazine with shuttle loader.
1 ⇒ 0 < O < 60 ;3 ⇒ 110 ≤ O <160
2 ⇒ 60 ≤ O < 110 ;4 ⇒ O > 160

2.2.2 – AGGREGATE SUB-SPINDLES

To create a new sub-spindle, position the cursor on the aggregate column and click on
the “Spindles” button; then position the cursor in an empty column of the relevant table and
assign a name by clicking on the “Rename” icon:

Rename ⇒

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Equipped Tool Name of the tool fitted to the sub-spindle.

Horizontal Angle The angle that is formed on the horizontal plane from the aggregate sub-
spindle compared to the 0° position and with the pin always turned to 180°.
Vertical Angle The angle that is formed on the vertical plane from the aggregate sub-spindle
compared to the 0° position.
Min. rot Sp. [r.p.m.] Sub-spindle minimum rotation Sp.
Max. rot Sp. [r.p.m.] Sub-spindle maximum rotation Sp.
Sec. Symm. S. No. of the symmetrical spindle for machining with mirror origins
Direction of Sub-spindle rotation direction:
Rotation 1 ⇒ clockwise (Rh); 2 ⇒ anticlockwise (Lh); 3 ⇒ Rh sub-spindle and Lh
slot 4 ⇒ Lh sub-spindle and Rh slot
Offset X The Offset of the sub-spindle centre of rotation along the X axis compared to
the lead-in point of the aggregate with zero angles. If they coincide, enter 0.
Offset Y Not use.Set to ⇒ 0
Offset Z The Offset of the sub-spindle centre of rotation along the Z axis compared to
the lead-in point of the aggregate.

Vertical Plane Angle Horizontal Plane Angle and Offset

Antirotation
pin

Offset Z

Offset X
27O°

O°
18O° O°

AZ
Antirotation
pin
9O°

9O°

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2.3 – TOOLING

The “Graphic Tooling” page displays a drawing of the head with vertical and horizontal
spindles and electrospindles.

To fit a tool it is sufficient to double-click on the element to be tooled, or to tool several

elements at the same time and using the same tool, first right-click with the mouse on all of
the required elements (the element is redrawn with a horizontal bar in the centre), followed
by a double click.
As well as using the double click, it is possible to fit a tool, after selecting the relevant
element, by clicking on the category icon:

This shows a list of all tools available in the “TOOLS” table.

This shows a list of all aggregates available in the “AGGREGATES” table.

This shows a list of all tools available in the “TOOLS” table, divided by
category. The category icons are automatically added when tools are
saved in a new category.

After clicking on the element, a window to select the tool to be fitted will open
automatically (Fig.1_A). Position the cursor on the first field of the tool to be fitted and
click on the tooling icon:

Fits the selected tool.

Removes the selected tool.

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To tool a magazine so that it can be used for automatic tool changing:

This opens the Graphic Tooling window for the magazines.

Select the type of magazine to be tooled (if the machine is fitted with more than one):

Machine-board magazine.

Chain or revolver magazine.

Fit the tool in the same way as for spindle tooling, as described above.

As well as from “Graphic Tooling” it is possible to configure tools from the “Tooling”
menu by selecting the following:

Tooling ⇒ Vertical Spindles ⇒ type in the tool name

⇒ Horizontal Spindles
⇒ Electrospindles

Tooling ⇒ Tool Change ⇒ to fit a tool in a magazine.

2.3.1 – SYMMETRIES

These correspond to the spindle number that the machine must use when machining a
symmetrical piece in order to obtain a mirror of the boring pattern programmed by the
operator. For each spindle it is necessary to enter a corresponding spindle on the mirror
piece.
All of the Y-direction spindles are
symmetrical to one another since the machine
uses the same downstrokes and the same
spindles on the pieces and is thereby able to
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 obtain the same boring pattern.
Standard symmetrical pattern example
As far as concerns X-direction spindles, it is
necessary to proceed differently due to the
possible use of more than one drill bit in the same downstroke. This would lead to series
of bores that are oriented in the opposite direction to that required. To overcome this
problem, this type of symmetry is set among the spindles where the same drill bit is
configured.
The spindle numbers are to be considered as examples only.

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The same concept applies to the horizontal spindles and in consideration of their boring
direction.
PLEASE NOTE: Always write the full name of the spindle, e.g. T10 or TH2. This means of
symmetry definition, among spindles, is common to all Rover machines.

2.3.2 – GROUPS

These tell the optimiser which spindles may be selected, as well as the relevant
downstrokes for machining the straight panel and the mirror panel. To define a group it is
necessary to assign the same number to the relevant spindles.
All spindles that are oriented along the Y axis are to be placed within the same group;
the optimiser will then select which ones to use together during machining.
The spindles oriented along the X axis are placed within the same group only if
symmetry has been set among them, as shown in the previous figure.
For the horizontal spindles
it is necessary to define a ROVER 22 HEAD DRAWING
group for each one that TP2
operates in direction Y, while
for those which operate in
direction X, two groups need
GROUP 4 TP3
to be defined: one for each GROUP 3
operating direction.
T16 T15
Normally the symmetrical GROUP 2
spindle and group settings T18 T17
T8
are necessary only the first T1 GROUP 5
time that a configuration is
defined because if the T19

configuration has been

created following the required GROUP 1 GROUP 6
boring patterns, it is possible
to optimise all programs
using the same configuration T14 T20
without it being necessary to
create a new one. TP1
If required, it is possible to
save up to 99 different boring
configurations.
To save or open a new configuration, use the menu to select:

Technical Data ⇒ Tooling ⇒ Configuration

Or simply select “Configuration” from the “Graphic Tooling” menu.

If the configuration number already exists, the old configuration will

be opened; if not, a new one will be created with the number entered.

⇒ Each time that a machine data table is edited, always remember to save it by
selecting from the menu “Edit” ⇒ Save or pressing [CTRL]+S.

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3 – PROGRAM EDITOR

The application that is used to create or edit programs is known as “Editor” and it is
possible to recall this application by clicking on the icon in the “Cni Start” menu toolbar at
the bottom of the desktop.

3.1 – PARAMETERS BOX

The first thing to do when creating a new program is to define the dimensions of the
piece and some of the machine parameters.

Use the menu to select “File” ⇒ “Open” or use the function key [F1] or relevant icon.

It is possible to search for existing files in the “Select file” window or to create a new file by
entering a new program name. Each time that a new program is created, the “Parameters
Box” will open automatically:

For 2001 xnc version see “APPENDIX A – News on xnc 2001”

Previous directory

Update

General: Optimise, Draw, Suction Cups, Print,

Copy, Delete, Rename
Services: Order, Create directory, Password,
Update remote directory
Create/Open programs

Create/Open subprograms

Create/Open macros

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MM/INC The unit of measurement used.

HEAD CONFIG. Head tooling configuration to be used.
LPX Piece length.
LPY Piece width.
LPZ Piece thickness.
PCSG Thickness of the shapeable suction
cup.
STOP ROW Specify the row of stops to be used or
select it from the NC keyboard (T).
LOCKING TYPE Specify the locking type: T ⇒ from
keyboard; VV ⇒ suction cups only; SV
⇒ suction cups and pressers; SS ⇒
pressers only.
PUSHERS To use pushers, if any: T ⇒ from
keyboard; N ⇒ No pushers; Y ⇒ Yes.
IDLE WHEELS OR To use idle wheels, if any: T ⇒ from
BARS keyboard; N ⇒ No idle wheels; Y ⇒
Yes.
SYMMETRICAL Datum used by the optimiser. “Yes” if
PROG the program is to be optimised for
symmetrical machining also.
OPTIMISATION Position reference corner.
CORNER

The XNC editor is divided into two main sections:

File ⇒ Load section ⇒ Contours

- Profiling and non-optimised boring section: To write milling and non-optimised

boring programs.

File ⇒ Load section ⇒ Edit Hole

- Optimised Boring Section: To write optimised boring programs

To display the program rows concerning optimised boring, written in ISO:

File ⇒ Load Section ⇒ Optimized Drillings

3.2 – OPTIMISED BORING

The optimised boring editor allows the operator to bore simply by supplying the co-
ordinates, depth, diameter and type of bore but without indicating which spindle to be
used.
It is the task of the optimiser to identify the spindle to be used and the sequence in which
the programmed bores are to be made, in such a way as to carry out machining in the
least time possible and with the lowest number of downstrokes.
This is carried out on the basis of information regarding the bore and tooling and then on
the basis of the symmetries and groups.

File ⇒ Load section ⇒ Edit Hole or the combination of keys [SHIFT]+[F2] or the
relevant icon

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(1) Machining icons

(2) Position reference
corner
(3) Machining side

3.2.1 – VERTICAL BORING

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Bore distance in X from the chosen corner.
OFFSET Y Bore distance in Y from the chosen corner.
DEPTH Boring depth.
DIAMETER Bore diameter.
HOLE TYPE Bore type.
INSER TYPE Not used.
REPEATS No. of repeats
STEP X Distance in X between bore centres.
STEP Y Distance in Y between bore centres.

Step X

Step
Y Diameter

Depth

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3.2.2 – INSERTIONS

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Bore distance in X from the chosen
corner.
OFFSET Y Bore distance in Y from the chosen
COR.1 corner.
OFFSET Y Second bore distance in Y from the
COR.2 chosen corner.
DIST. ROWS Direction X distance in mm to draw
1 AND 2 another series of insertions
(optional).
DIST. ROWS See above.
2 AND 3
DIST. ROWS See above.
3 AND 4
DIST. ROWS See above.
4 AND 5
DEPTH Boring depth.
REF. HOLE Bore diameter at the co-ordinates
DIAMETER specified using offset X and offset
Y1.
HOLE 2 Bore diameter at the co-ordinates
DIAMETER specified using offset X and offset
Y2.
HOLE TYPE Bore type.
STEP Y Distance between the first and
second reference bores.

3.2.3 – SYSTEM 32 CORRECTED IN THE CENTRE

This creates a series of two rows of bores, starting from the centre and ending at the
offset value in X.

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Minimum distance in X from the last bore to
the chosen corner.
OFFSET Y Minimum distance in Y from the last bore to
the chosen corner.
DISTANCE Distance between the first and second row
of bores.
DEPTH Boring depth.
HOLE Bore type.
TYPE
STEP X Distance in X between bore centres.

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3.2.4 – SYSTEM 32 WITH FIXED START VALUE

This creates a series of two rows of bores starting from an initial bore at a distance of
Offset X and Offset Y from the corner of the piece, up to the maximum possible number of
repeats.

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Minimum distance in X from the first bore to
the chosen corner.
OFFSET Y Minimum distance in Y from the first bore to
the chosen corner.
DISTANCE Distance between the first and second row
of bores.
DEPTH Boring depth.
HOLE Bore type.
TYPE
STEP X Distance in X between bore centres.

CORRECTED AT THE CENTRE

Offset X Step X LPX/2 Offset X

Offset Y

Distance
1° & 2° row

= =

WITH FIXED INITIAL VALUE

Offset X Step X Offset X

Offset Y

Distance
1° & 2° row

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3.2.5 – HINGE

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Bore distance in X from the reference
corner.
OFFSET Y Bore distance in Y from the reference
corner.
DISTANCE Distance between centres of the two
bore types.
HINGE Value in mm that indicates the boring
DEPTH depth starting from the surface of the
top part of the piece.
HINGE Diameter of the reference bore
DIAMETER specified in offset X and offset Y.
2 BORES Diameter of the two smaller bores.
DIAMETER
HINGE BORE Bore type for hinge bore.
TYPE
OTHER 2 Bore type for the smaller bores.
BORE TYPE
STEP X Distance between centres of the two
complementary bores.

3.2.6 – HINGE MOUNTING PLATES

CORNER Position reference corner.

OFFSET X Bore distance in X from the reference
corner.
OFFSET Y Bore distance in Y from the reference
corner.
DIST. Distance in direction X for drawing
BETW. HP 1 another hinge mounting plate
AND 2 (optional).
DIST. See above.
BETW. HP 2
AND 3
DIST. See above.
BETW. HP 3
AND 4
DEPTH Boring depth.
DIAMETER Bore diameter.
BORE TYPE Bore type.
STEP X Distance between centres of the two
hinge mounting plate bores.

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3.2.7 – HORIZONTAL BORING

CORNER Position reference corner.

SIDE Side of the piece to be bored.
OFFSET X Bore distance in X from the chosen corner.
OFFSET Y Bore distance in Y from the chosen corner.
OFFSET Z Bore position on the piece thickness.
DEPTH Bore lead-in depth on the piece.
DIAMETER Bore diameter.
HOLE TYPE Bore type.
INSERTION Not used.
TYPE
REPEATS No. of bore repeats
STEP X Distance in X between bore centres.
STEP Y Distance in Y between bore centres.
STEP Z Distance in Z between bore centres

Offset
Y
Step
Y

Depth

Offset z

3.2.8 –HORIZONTAL BORING SERIES

These create three series of two or three groups of bores.

CORNER Position reference corner.

SIDE Side of the piece to be bored.
OFFSET X Bore distance in Y from the chosen corner.
OFFSET Y Bore position on the piece thickness
DIST. BETW Distance in Y between the 1st and 2nd series.
SERIES 1&2
DIST. BETW Distance in Y between the 3rd and 4th series.
SERIES 3&4
DEPTH Bore lead-in depth on the piece.
DIAMETER Bore diameter.
HOLE TYPE Bore type.
STEP Y Distance in Y between boring centres.

The only difference between the two icons is that

the first creates three series of 2 bores each; while
the second creates three series of 3 bores each.

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⇒ Once the boring operation has been created, always remember to press the
optimisation button in order to allow the optimiser to create the program rows for the set
boring.
⇒ OPTIMISE BUTTON (see the following sections).

3.3 – CONTROL BUTTONS

3.3.1 – EDITING A BORING OPERATION

In the event that any error occurs while entering data, it is possible to proceed as
follows:
Hold down the left-hand mouse button and click on the Edit icon to highlight the bore or
series of bores where the mistake has been made in red.
In this way, the same table as was used to define the series of bores will open, thereby
allowing the required correction to be made. To confirm the change, click on OK or press
the [ENTER] key.

3.3.2 – DELETING BORES

To delete bores, it is necessary to proceed as follows:

Highlight the bores in red by clicking on them with the mouse, then eliminate them by
clicking on the delete row icon.

3.3.3 – OPTIMISED BORING

When all the bores for the piece have been drawn, it is necessary to optimise the
program; that is, the machine must interpret the drawing and automatically write the
instructions to be followed to complete the boring pattern set by the operator.
To carry out this operation, click on the optimisation icon and wait for a few seconds.
At this point two things may happen:
⇒ No message on the screen: this means that the optimisation process has been
executed successfully.
⇒ New windows open on the screen: this means that the control has detected errors
during the optimisation process.

The windows that open due to the

optimisation error are diagnosic
windows that help the operator to solve
the problem.

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3.4 - OPTIMISED BORING DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING

The most common errors are to be found in two main categories:

⇒ Data write error in the bore drawing tables.
⇒ Boring head configuration error.
For both types of error it is possible to use the optimiser diagnostics to arrive at the source
of the problem.
Inside the diagnostics window it is possible to see where the optimiser has found an
anomaly because the bore or bores in question are drawn in red.
When a red bore is selected with the mouse it becomes black and the reason for which
the hole was not executed appears in the bottom left-hand box.
Warning: the message also refers to the spindle selected in the graphic tooling page,
which opens at the same time as the diagnostics window. By moving the cursor over the
different head spindles, it is possible to see that the message in the diagnostics window
changes according to the fitted drill bit or to the selected spindle (1).
By doing this it is possible to find out where the problem is: if, when scrolling through the
configuration, it is found that the drill bits for executing the program are all present, this
means that the problem is inside the table data; if not, the lack of a suitable drill bit can be
seen and therefore action can be taken. To analyse better the problem is possible to open
a table (2) that visualise dates of the hole programmed in edit optimised hole and selected
on diagnostic window’s. To open this table use button as in screen shot below (2_a).

(2_a)

(2)

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In the table of screen shot (2) specify the follow dates regarding hole and tool:

2 3 4

1 5

9
6

8 7

Technological Parameters
(1) Tool category
(2) Drill Type
(3) Vertical angle
(4) Horizontal angle
(5) Tool diameter
(6) Working plane
(7) Working priority
(8) Tool name
(9) Working depth

N.B.: All dates in this table are read only

To close the diagnostics window, click on the icon that shows the crossed man.
After the correction has been made, remember to optimise the program again in
order to check that it all functions correctly.
To check the program list, select File ⇒ Load section ⇒ Optimised Hole.

3. 5 – SAVING A PROGRAM

When the program has been written and simply requires saving, click on the icon or
select the “Edit” menu followed by the option “Save” or “Save as”.
This operation is repeated in the same way each time during any type of program or
programming.

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3.6 – NON-OPTIMISED BORING

Non-optimised boring, which is also known as Boring Editor, operates differently

compared to optimised boring.
If the optimiser is not used, it is necessary to personally choose the spindles to be used
for single downstrokes.
It is important to remember that the machine, in order to use spindles in this mode, only
requires that at least one drill bit (the type and diameter are not important) has been
configured for the spindle itself. It is therefore the operator’s task to select the correct
spindle number where the required tool is configured.
Selecting
“File” ⇒ Load section ⇒ Contours

will open the Editor section with everything concerning movement of the milling machine
and non-optimised boring.
The first two boring icons with a white background are found in this section. Moving the
cursor onto either icon will open a window with the description of the functions concealed
behind it; more specifically, these are vertical boring and horizontal boring.

3.6.1 – VERTICAL BORING

X Distance in direction X from the bore centre compared to

the zero point of the piece.
Y Distance in direction Y from the bore centre compared to
the zero point of the piece.
PRF Boring depth in mm.
VF Boring speed in m/min (optional field; if not specified, it is
given the value set in the machine data).
T Number of the spindle to be used to make the bore
specified by X and Y.

If several numbers separated by commas are entered into the

“T” field, the result will be a multiple downstroke that refers to the
first specified spindle.

Once the boring macro has been completed and confirmed, the Editor will create a
program row that is similar to the following:

N20 X100 Y100 PRF=10 VF=3000 T=10 L=G99

3.6.2 – HORIZONTAL BORING

There are four different icons, one for each machining side, but the form of the data table
is common to all four.

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QX Distance in direction X from the bore centre compared

to the zero point of the piece.
QY Distance in direction Y from the bore centre compared
to the zero point of the piece.
QZ The position of the bore along the piece thickness (the
default value is LPZ/2, which corresponds to half of the
thickness set in the parameters table).
PRF Boring depth in mm
VF Boring speed in m/min (optional field; if not specified, it
is given the value set in the machine data).
TH Number of the spindle to be used to make the bore
specified by QX, QY and QZ.

If several numbers separated by commas are entered into the “TH” field, the result will
be a multiple downstroke that refers to the first specified spindle.
If a horizontal spindle has been selected and this is oriented in the wrong direction, an
error message will appear.

Once the boring macro has been completed and confirmed, the Editor will create a
program row that is similar to the following:

N20 QX=0 QY=100 QZ=LPZ/2 PRF=10 VF=3000 TH=10 L=G1

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3.7 – MILLING PROGRAM

Having established the procedures for creating a program, as explained previously, to

machine with an electrospindle, it is necessary to operate in the Editor environment,
selecting the Milling icon.

For electrospindles with automatic tool change functions, the first step is to assign the
corresponding tool for the required machining to the electrospindle itself. To do so,
left-click with the mouse on the “Auto tool change” icon.

To create a milling program in “Editor”, proceed as follows.

3.7.1 – AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGE

This instruction is used to select which electrospindle and tool will be used for
machining. An electrospindle:

- click on the “Routing” icon.

- click on the “Auto tool change” icon.

Enter the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Auto tool change”
macro window:

PAN Electrospindle no.

UT Tool name.
PANPR No. of engaged electrospindle (Rv30).
UTPR Name of engaged tool.
PAN_2 No. of the electrospindle for simultaneous
changing (Rv27).
UT_2 Name of the tool for simultaneous changing.

The general program row for this macro is:

N20 PAN=1 ST=”PANTO” ST2=”NULL” ST3=”NULL” L=PCUA

Analysing this program row:

- PAN=1 ; this means that the TP1 Electrospindle has been selected.
- ST=”PANTO” ; this means that a tool known as “Panto” has been selected.
- ST2 and ST3=”NULL»; this means that simultaneous tool changes (Rv27 with chain
magazine) or with tool engaging (Rv30 with magazine with shuttle) have not been
selected.
- L=PCUA ; this recalls the fixed cycle “Auto Tool Change”

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3.7.2 – MACHINING START POINT

Once the required electrospindle and tool have been selected, it is necessary to supply
the control with the “Machining start point”. This instruction is used to position the head at
the set co-ordinates.

- Click on the “Work begin” icon.

-
Insert the following parameters in the corresponding fields of the “Work begin” macro
window:

X Machining start Y co-ordinates.

Y Machining start X co-ordinates.
Z Machining start Z co-ordinates.
TP Electrospindle no.
PRF Machining depth.
F Forward speed.
VF Lead-in speed from the safety position
S Electrospindle rotation speed (optional field,
if not specified, it is given the value set in
the machine data).
WORK Machining table
TABLE
CRU Tool radius correction. This automatically
(N\L\R) corrects machining, adapting it to the real
programmed measurements by
compensating the tool radius.
N ⇒ No correction
L ⇒ Tool to the Left of the piece
R ⇒ Tool to the Right of the piece.

If we suppose that the following example values are inserted into the macro:

- X ⇒ 100
- Y⇒0
- Z ⇒ PRK (park)
- TP ⇒ 1
- F⇒7
- PRF ⇒ 20
- VF ⇒ 3

The program row that corresponds to this macro is:

N20 X100 Y0 Z=PRK TP=1 PRF=22 F=7 VF=3 AX=X,Y,Z G40 L=PON TRZ=0 M55

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Analysing this program row:

- X=100 is the position in X of the starting point.

- Y=0 is the position in Y of the starting point.
- Z=PRK is the position in Z of the starting point; the machine will start from the park
position.
- TP=1 identifies the number of the electrospindle used.
- PRF=22 is the machining depth.
- F=7 is the forward Speed of the piece.
- VF=3 is the lead-in Speed from the safety position.
- AX=X,Y,Z identifies the axes of the table on which machining is carried out.
- L=PON recalls the fixed cycle for the “Work begin”.

3.7.3 – TOOL RADIUS COMPENSATION

It is important to specify that all machining described up to this point uses the centre of
the tool as a reference.
To actually obtain the programmed measurements, it would be necessary to modify all of
the entered parameters and to calculate the incidence of
Tool Centre Machining
the tool radius, with a further result that using a tool with a
different diameter would require the total modification of Tool centre
the program.
To avoid this, the Automatic tool radius correction Machining profile r
(CRU) has been introduced into the Machining start table,
which will allow – if correctly set – the programming of
profiles using real measurements and the setting, during tooling, of the exact tool
diameter.
To set the correction in the above-mentioned table, it is necessary to complete the
parameter CRU(N\R\L), as shown in the previous section (“Machining start”).
However, these data alone are not enough to make the required correction; a lead-in arc
or segment is also required and these must have a greater length than the tool radius
along which the machine will correct the reference. A lead-out arc or segment is also
required to reset the previously set correction.

To use this macro, position the “Work begin ” outside the profile to be machined.
In this way the tool will begin machining at co-ordinates outside the profile and then reach
the profile to be machined with its outer part.
(For example, PON x=20,Y=-30, Comp. co-ordinate X=I50, Y=I30; using a tool with a
diameter of less than 30mm).
It is possible to decide to reach the profile at the machining start point using a segment
(linear correction) or using an arc (circular correction).
Compensation is therefore used at the start of machining but also at the end of
machining before POFF. In this case the Detach is used.

- Click on the “Tool Correction” icon.

- Click on the “Linear Attach” or “Circular Attach” icon

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Linear correction Circular correction

PON⇒X=20,Y=-30 PON⇒X=20,Y=-30
Tool centre Tool centre
Attach Attach

Machining profile Machining profile

X=70,Y=0
.⇒X=70,Y=0

Insert the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Tool Correction”
macro:

X Position in X on the machining profile.

Y Position in Y on the machining profile.
Z Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning,
setting a positive value in this field means
machining with the tool below the levels of the
work tables and with the risk of damaging them.
SIDE (D\S) Position of the piece compared to the tool and
considering the advance direction (D if to the
right, S if to the left).
CORNERS Corner Yes. Corner No.
(Y\N)

Ut Ut

R Usually pre-set to a value of 9000; if not specified

otherwise, it is calculated by the control in such a
way as to obtain an arc that is tangent to the
profile at the lead-in point.

Right Side Correction Left Side Correction

D S

The program row that corresponds to this macro is:

N20 X120 Y0 G42 G69 R9000 G4 (arc compensation).

Analysing this program row:

- X=120 is the position in X on the profile.

- Y=0 is the position in Y on the profile.
- G4= recalls the fixed cycle for “Circular Attach”.

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- R9000 unless otherwise specified, R9000 allows the NC to trace an arc of the radius
that is required to reach the programmed profile with the outer side of the tool. If a
value other than 9000 is specified, the NC will trace a radius equal to this latter value
with the condition that it allows a final trajectory that is tangent to the machining profile
at the lead-in point.

3.7.4 - SEGMENTS

Once the machining start point, correction and lead-in points have been set, it is
necessary to use segments or arcs. Selecting the segments icon accesses a further six
icons, which represent the different geometric possibilities required to construct a
segment.

- Click on the “Segments” icon.

⇒ “Segment, known final point ”

Insert the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Segment, known
final point ” in the macro window:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the segment final point.

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the segment final point.
- C ⇒ not usually completed.
- JOINT ⇒ Joint radius (R). Setting a value in this field, Bevel S
the machine will execute a joining arc between this S
value and the following, using a radius equal to the
programmed value.
- BEVEL ⇒ Bevel length (S). Setting a value in this field, Joint
the machine will execute a joining segment between
R
this segment and the next, where the programmed
value is equivalent to the section of the two segments
that will be eliminated.

The program row that corresponds to this macro is:

N20 X200 Y100 G1

Analysing the program row:

- X=200 ; is the position in X of the final point of the segment.

- X=100 ; is the position in Y of the final point of the segment.

After completing all of the required segments, enter the “Machining End” command,
which is indicated by the red light icon.
This instruction is used to close the program and it gives the machine the command to
switch off the tool and return to the park position.
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⇒ “Segment, known angle and X co-ordinate ”

Using the icon it is possible to build a segment, defining the X co-ordinate and the angle,
as follows:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point.

- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- BA ⇒ Angle of the segment calculated in relation to the positive direction of the X axis
and incremented in a clockwise direction.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining segment
between this segment and the next one, where the programmed value is equivalent to
the section of the two segments that will be eliminated.

⇒ “Segment, known angle and Y co-ordinate”

Using this icon it is possible to construct a segment by defining its Y co-ordinate and
angle as follows:

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point

- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- BA ⇒ Angle of the segment calculated in relation to the positive direction of the X axis
and incremented in a clockwise direction.
- JOINT⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining segment
between this segment and the next one, where the programmed value is equivalent to
the section of the two segments that will be eliminated.

⇒ “Segment, known angle and Length”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct a segment by defining its length and angle as
follows:

- BL ⇒ Length of the segment

- BA ⇒ Angle of the segment calculated in relation to the positive direction of the X axis
and incremented in a clockwise direction.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.

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- BEVEL ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining segment
between this segment and the next one, where the programmed value is equivalent to
the section of the two segments that will be eliminated.

⇒ “Segment, known Length and X co-ordinate ”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct a segment by defining its X co-ordinate and
Length as follows:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point

- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- BL ⇒ Length of the segment; if this is set with a positive value, the segment obtained
will have the value of the initial co-ordinate in Y lower than that of the final co-ordinate;
while the opposite is true if this is set with a negative value.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining segment
between this segment and the next one, where the programmed value is equivalent to
the section of the two segments that will be eliminated.

⇒ “Segment, known Length and Y co-ordinate”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct a segment by defining its Y co-ordinate and
Length as follows:

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point

- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- BL ⇒ Length of the segment; if this is set with a positive value, the segment obtained
will have the value of the initial co-ordinate in X lower than that of the final co-ordinate;
while the opposite is true if this is set with a negative value.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining segment
between this segment and the next one, where the programmed value is equivalent to
the section of the two segments that will be eliminated.

3.7.5 - ARCS

Selecting the arcs icon accesses further seven icons, which represent the different
geometric possibilities required to construct an arc.

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- Click on the “Arcs” icon

⇒ “Arc, known radius and final point”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct an arc by defining its final point and radius as
follows:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point.

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point.
- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- R ⇒ Value of the radius set according to the following rules:
it will have a positive value in the event that, with an anticlockwise rotation, the arc
is less that half of the circumference or, with
a clockwise rotation, it is greater than half of
the circumference, while if the opposite is
true, it will have a negative value.
- ROTATION (+/-) ⇒ Clockwise rotation is
set as positive, while anticlockwise rotation
is set as negative.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this
field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using
a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ This is not possible between
two arcs.

⇒ “Arc, known centre and final point”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct an arc by defining its final point and centre as
follows:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point
- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- I ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre
- J ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the centre
- ROTATION(+/-) ⇒ Clockwise rotation is set as positive, while anticlockwise rotation is
set as negative.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ This is not possible between two arcs.
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⇒ “Arc, known centre and Length”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct an arc by defining its centre and length as
follows:

- I ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre.

- J ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the centre.
- BL ⇒ Length of the arc.
- ROTATION (+/-) ⇒ Clockwise rotation is set as positive, while anticlockwise rotation is
set as negative.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ This is not possible between two arcs.

⇒ “Arc, known centre and final point”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct an arc by defining its centre and size in
degrees:

- I ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre.

- J ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the centre.
- BA ⇒ Angle between the initial and final points of the arc.
- ROTATION (+/-) ⇒ Clockwise rotation is set as positive, while anticlockwise rotation is
set as negative.
- JOINT ⇒ When a value is set for this field, the machine will execute a joining arc
between this value and the next one, using a radius that is equal to the programmed
value.
- BEVEL ⇒ This is not possible between two arcs.

⇒ “Arc, known centre and final point”

Using this icon, it is possible to construct an arc by defining the co-ordinates of the final
point, which is tangent to a previously constructed segment or arc by setting the following
data:

- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point.

- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point.
- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.

⇒ “Arc, known centre and final point ”

At the current time, the icon for the construction of three-dimensional arcs is not
operational.

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⇒ “Arc, known centre and final point”

Selecting this icon, it is possible to construct an ellipse arc by specifying its final point
and two semiaxes as follows:
- X ⇒ X co-ordinate of the final point.
- Y ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the final point.
- Z ⇒ Absolute value of the position in Z. Warning: setting a positive value in this field
means machining with the tool below the level of the work tables with the risk of
damaging them.
- C ⇒ Not usually completed.
- I ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre.
- J ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the centre.
- RI ⇒ Semiaxis in direction X.
- RJ ⇒ Semiaxis in direction Y.
- ROTATION (+/-) ⇒ Clockwise rotation is set as positive, while anticlockwise rotation is
set as negative.

3.7.6 – SWITCHING OFF THE ELECTROSPINDLE

This operation is required when the program is finished, when another electrospindle is
to be used or when an automatic tool change is required.

- Click on the “Routing” icon

- Click on the “Work end” icon.

• Work end: this is the command to be used for the situations described above. When
used, the tool lifts away from the piece to reach the Z axis park position and switch off
the rotation.
• Out of panel: this is the command to be used each time that more machining
is to be carried out using the same electrospindle and tool in a different point of
the piece. It lifts the tool a few millimetres above the piece, maintaining rotation ready
for use in a different position. Important: when this command is used, it is not possible
to request automatic tool changes, machine with other electrospindles or terminate
programs.

3.7.7 – EGA MILLING

The advanced geometry editor (EGA) is an assistant to allow steps to be set when the
co-ordinates of the final point are not known, but the links to the next step (intersection or
tangent) and the value of an angle or length are known or in general, the known data can
be obtained geometrically from a drawing but cannot be directly set in the usual
programming manner. The group of the blocks necessary to allow the system to calculate
all of the co-ordinates of a geometric element forms a geometric sequence.
The system only knows the solutions for a certain number of different sequences and so
it may only use these. The list of recognised sequences is given at the end of this section.
For this type of programming, it is necessary to add several instructions to those already
known. These are:
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BS [+/-]: a step which intersects the following step

BT [+/-]: a step which is tangent to the following step.
In these two functions, [+/-] indicates the optional presence of a discriminating factor
between the two possible solutions should the sequence give this possibility;
BA: indicates the angle, expressed in degrees, formed by the oriented
straight line - as it passes through the initial and final point of a segment - with the
positive direction of the X axis, or the angle size of an arc;
BL: indicates the length of a segment or an arc.
The possible combinations that can be made using this type of program are described in a
table at the end of this paragraph.
To set the parameters required by this type of program, it is necessary to use the “ega”
icon in the Editor environment.
When this icon is selected, a box will appear in which it is possible to select the options for
drawing a profile starting from a specific point, which is represented by the machining start
point or by the final point of the previous element.

PLEASE NOTE:
1. Before using EGA, make sure that the graphic window is open.
2. Insert ; in front of the program row that corresponds to the tool change before beginning
to draw using EGA. Remove this symbol (;) once the program has been completed in
order to permit it to function correctly.

Description of EGA box required parameters:

- X,Y ⇒ Co-ordinates of the final point of the element
- BA ⇒ Angle
- BL ⇒ Length
- I ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre
- J ⇒ X co-ordinate of the centre
- R ⇒ Arc radius

(1) Type of element to be drawn: Straight

Line\Arc
1 2
(2) Rotation direction for arc elements
(3) Bevel\Joint with next element
3 4 (4) Bevel\Joint value
(5) Relationship with next element:
5 6
Tangent/Intersection
(6) Sign for the relationship with the next
element

Each time that the confirm button is

pressed, a new EGA box will appear in
which to enter the data for the next element.
Once the programming sequence has
arrived at the profile final element it is
necessary to enter the final X,Y co-
ordinates and not to set any more
relationships with a subsequent element,
EGA Box otherwise it will not be possible to close the
profile.
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Lastly, some instructions may not be executed within an EGA sequence, such as, for
example, movement of the origin from the main plane, changing the tern of the axes,
program jumps or subroutine calls. In these cases, the interpreter will block the program
execution.

EGA PROGRAM EXAMPLE

This program creates a milling profile with circular lead-in and lead-out that are external
to the profile.
Insert the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Automatic Tool
Change” macro:

- PAN ⇒ 1
- UT ⇒ FRESA10

- Click on the icons “Routing” ⇒ “Work start”

- X ⇒ -30
- Y ⇒ LPY/2
- TP ⇒ 1
- PRF ⇒ 2
- F⇒7
- VF ⇒ 3

- Click on the “Circular Attach” icon

- X⇒0
- Y ⇒ LPY/2-30
- SIDE (D/S) ⇒ D

- Click on the “Segments” icon

- Click on the “Segment, known final point” icon

Enter the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Segment, known final
point” macro window:

- X⇒0
- Y⇒0

- Click on the “EGA” icon ⇒ type the following into the EGA box:

Type of Element to be drawn ⇒ Segment

Rotation direction ⇒ none (Arc elements only)
1st
STEP Bevel\Joint ⇒ Joint
Bevel\Joint value ⇒ Joint = 130
Tangent/Intersecting ⇒ Intersecting
BA ⇒ 35

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Type of Element to be drawn ⇒ Segment

Rotation direction ⇒ none (Arc elements only)
2nd Bevel\Joint ⇒ none
STEP
Bevel\Joint value ⇒ none
Tangent/Intersecting ⇒ Tangent
BA ⇒ 360-16
Type of Element to be drawn ⇒ Arc
Rotation direction ⇒ clockwise
Bevel\Joint ⇒ none
3rd Bevel\Joint value ⇒ none
STEP Tangent/Intersecting ⇒ Tangent
I ⇒ 1300
J ⇒ 585
R ⇒ 455
Type of Element to be drawn ⇒ Segment
Rotation direction ⇒ none (Arc elements only)
4th
Bevel\Joint ⇒ Joint
STEP
Bevel\Joint value ⇒ Joint = 130
Tangent/Intersecting ⇒ Intersecting
BA ⇒ 196
Type of Element to be drawn ⇒ Segment
5th Rotation direction ⇒ none (Arc elements only)
STEP Bevel\Joint ⇒ none
Bevel\Joint value ⇒ none
Tangent/Intersecting ⇒ Intersecting
X⇒0
Y ⇒ 1170

- click on the “Segments” icon

- click on the “Segment, known final point” icon

- X⇒0
- Y ⇒ LPY/2-90

- Click on the “Circular Detach” icon

- X ⇒ -30
- Y ⇒ LPY/2-90

N20 PAN=1 ST1="FRESA10" ST2="NULL" ST3="NULL" L=PCUA

N30 X-30 Y=LPY/2 Z=PRK TP=1 PRF=22 F=7 VF=3 AX=X,Y,Z G40 L=PON
TRZ=0 M55
N40 X0 Y=LPY/2-30 G42 G69 R9000 G4
N50 X0 Y0 G1
N60 BA35 BR=130 BS+ G1
N70 BA360-16 BT+ G1
N80 I1300 J585 R455 BT+ G3
N90 BA196 BR=130 BS+ G1
N100 X0 Y1170 BA270+55 G1
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N110 X0 Y=LPY/2-60 G1
N120 X-30 Y=LPY/2-90 R9000 G40 G4
N130 L=POFF

;PROGRAM DATA

LPX=1755
LPY=1170
LPZ=20
Tool = FRESA10

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LIST OF CASES SOLVED USING EGA

The blocks marked (*) provide the solution for the blocks that precede them, but they
remain incomplete and for this reason they become the first block in the subsequent
program description. The chart below brings together all of the cases foreseen in
geometric programming.

FIRST RECTILINEAR BLOCK

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
G1 BA... X...
G1 BA... Y...
G1 BA... BL...
G1 BL[+ &mid; -]... X...
G1 BL[+ &mid; -]... Y...
G1 BA... BS G1 BA... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G1 BA... BS[+ &mid; -] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT[+ &mid; -] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT] G2(3) I... J... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... BA...
G2(3) I... J... BL...
G1 BA... [BT[+ &mid; -]] G2(3) R... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT] G2(3) R... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT[+ &mid; -]] G2(3) R... BT G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G1 BT... G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT[+ &mid; -] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...

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FIRST CIRCULAR BLOCK

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
G2(3) BL... I... J...
G2(3) BA... I... J...
G2(3) BT I... J... G1 BA... [BT] (*)
G1 BA... BS (*)
G1 BA... BL...
G1 BA... X...
G1 BA... Y...
G1 X... Y...
G1 BT G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) BT[+ &mid; -] I... J... G2(3) I... J... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... BA...
G2(3) I... J... BL...
G2(3) R... X... Y...
G2(3) R... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) BS[+ &mid; -] I... J... G1 BA... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT[+ &mid; -] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) BT[+ &mid; -] R... G1 BA... X... Y...
G1 BA... [BT] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT G1 BA... X... Y...
G2(3) I... J... BT[+ &mid; -] G2(3) I... J... R... BT (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BS (*)
G2(3) I... J... R... BA...
G2(3) I... J... R... BL...
G2(3) I... J... X... Y...
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3.8 – BLADE CUTS

To make blade cuts in the directions X and Y, select the “Blades” icon and then choose
from the four available options:

3.8.1 – BLADE CUTS IN X

XIN Position in X of the start of the cut.

XF Position in X of the end of the cut.
QY Position in Y of the cut.
PRF Depth of the cut.
VT [m/min] Machining speed.
VF [m/min] Speed at which the blade moves from the safety
position to the piece.
EXIT Y (yes) indicates the end of the cut; N (no) allows the cut to
be continued at a different depth.
ZZ2 If the previous parameter is set to N, it is here that the
depth variation (positive value to increase depth, negative
value to reduce it) will be set.
RES Y (yes) to stop blade rotation at the end of machining; N
(no) to continue rotation while waiting for a further
machining stage.

3.8.2 – BLADE CUTS IN Y

YIN Position in Y of the start of the cut.

YF Position in Y of the end of the cut.
QY Position in Y of the cut.
PRF Depth of the cut.
VT [m/min] Machining speed.
VF [m/min] Speed at which the blade moves from the safety
position to the piece.
EXIT Y (yes) indicates the end of the cut; N (no) allows the cut to
be continued at a different depth.
ZZ2 If the previous parameter is set to N, it is here that the
depth variation (positive value to increase depth, negative
value to reduce it) will be set.
RES Y (yes) to stop blade rotation at the end of machining; N
(no) to continue rotation while waiting for a further
machining stage.

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3.8.3 – FORMATTING

THICK- Position in X of the part to be cut.

NESS IN X
THICK- Position in Y of the part to be cut.
NESS IN Y
VT [m/min] Machining speed.
VF [m/min] Speed at which the blade moves
from the safety position to the piece.
TRZ Not to be modified.

3.8.4 – SERIES OF CUTS

XIN Position in X of the start of the cut.

YFIN Position in Y of the end of the cut.
QY Position in Y of the cut
NUMBER No. of repeats of the programmed cut.
OF CUTS
STEP Y Y step between repeats.
PRF Depth of cut.
VT [m/min] Machining speed.
VF [m/min] Speed at which the blade moves
from the safety position to the piece.

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3.9 – C AXIS

The C axis can be considered to be a fourth movement axis; however, it is not fitted to all
machines. In substance, it is a flange that is connected to a motor and fitted to an
electrospindle that allows an aggregate (which
is fitted to this latter) to rotate upon itself.
27O°
The flange has a hole in which to fit an
Antirotation
antirotation pin for the aggregate. In this way, Pin O°
the flange causes the aggregate to rotate at
every angle required during machining. 18O°
The C axis is useful for machining on inclined
axes, whether these are used for boring or
milling. It can also be used for inclined
sectioning or sectioning on the X and Y axes.
This is because it allows the blade to rotate 9O°
upon itself in order to machine on all axes. Aggregate rotation on the
C axis
In practice, this means that it is used for
programmed automatic rotation of the aggregate on a horizontal plane and therefore
to vary its Angle on said plane without the necessity to intervene manually on the
machine.

Aggregate rotation on the Flange with hole for

C Axis aggregat pin Flange
Slot
Flangia

Pin

Pin hole

3.9.1 – BORING ON AN INCLINED LINE USING THE C AXIS

This macro is used to carry out boring operations along an inclined line and using the
rotation axis, C.
After using the Automatic tool change instruction to select an aggregate to fit to the
electrospindle for this machining operation, follow the instructions below.

- Click on the “Axis C” icon.

- Click on the icon “Orientable on line”.

Enter the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Orientable on line”
macro window:
- PAN ⇒ Electrospindle no.
- UT ⇒ Aggregate sub-spindle no.
- ORX ⇒ Origin of the inclined axis on the X axis.
- ORY ⇒ Origin of the inclined axis on the Y axis.
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- MO ⇒ Distance between the origin and the centre of the first bore.
- AN1 ⇒ Inclination in degrees of the line in comparison to the positive direction of the
axis X
- QZ ⇒ Position in Z on the piece thickness (centred=LPZ/2).
- PRF ⇒ Boring depth.
- VF ⇒ Lead-in speed.
- PCT ⇒ See section 3.9.2.
- PVR ⇒ See section 3.9.2.
- PVA ⇒ See section 3.9.2.
- AGP ⇒ See section 3.9.2.
- PRC ⇒ See section 3.9.2.
- ANG Z ⇒ Not used.
- EXIT (Y/N) ⇒The tool leaves the piece after each bore.
- RIP ⇒ No. of bore repeats
- INT ⇒ Distance between bore centres
- RES (Y/N) ⇒ Switches off the electrospindle at the end of the boring operation

Boring on an inclined line using

the C Axis

ORY
QZ
AN1

MO PRF
ORX INT QZ

The corresponding program row for this macro is:

N20 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=100 ORY=100 MO=50 ANI=45 QZ=LPZ\2 PRF=22 VF=7 USC=0
RIP=3 INT=32 RES=1 Z=PRK PCT=0 PG40=1 PRC=0 L=G100

3.9.2 – TANGENT TRACKING BORING WITH THE C AXIS (PCT ENABLED)

This macro is used to carry out electrospindle operations that are tangent to the
programmed profile and using the rotation axis, C.
After using the Automatic tool change instruction to select an aggregate to fit to the
electrospindle for this machining operation, follow the instructions below.

- Click on the “Axis C” icon.

- Click on the icon “Orientable on line”.

Enter the parameters into the corresponding fields of the “Orientable on line” macro
window in the same way as for the previous section, except for the following items:

- PRF ⇒ Additional safety distance. (Tool positioning distance from the profile).
- PCT ⇒ Enables tangent tracking.
- PVR ⇒ Tool rotation speed.
- PVA ⇒ Forward speed.
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- AGP (S\D) ⇒ This is where the aggregate is positioned compared to the piece and to
the advance direction.
- PRC ⇒ Machining depth

At this point it is necessary to copy the part of the program required to draw the profile
to be “recreated” at a tangent (from PON to POFF excluded). This must be copied after
the instructions explained here above.

3.9.3 – BORING ON AN ARC WITH THE C AXIS

This macro is used to carry out boring operations along an arc and using the rotation axis,
C. The method is similar to that described for boring along an inclined line.
After using the Automatic tool change instruction to select an aggregate to fit to the
electrospindle for this machining operation, follow the instructions below.

- Click on the “Axis C” icon.

- Click on the icon “Orientable on arc”.

Enter the following parameters into the “Boring on Arc” macro window:

- PAN ⇒ Electrospindle no. 1- Convex 2- Concave

- UT ⇒ Aggregate sub-spindle no.
- ORX ⇒ X co-ordinates of the arc centre
- ORY ⇒ Y co-ordinates of the arc centre
- RG ⇒ Arc radius
- ANI ⇒ Angle in degrees, that it’s the start work point on the arc in comparison to the
positive direction of the axis X
- CUR (1,2) ⇒ 1 – Convex; 2 - Concave
- QZ ⇒ Position in Z on the piece thickness (centred=LPZ/2).
- ANF ⇒ Non-radial bore angle.(Calculated as absolute value of C axis)
- RAD (Y\N) ⇒ Radial bores.
- RIP ⇒ No. of repeats.
- INT ⇒ Distance between bore centres (degrees).
- RES (Y\N) ⇒ Switches off the electrospindle at the end of boring.
- PRF ⇒ Boring depth.

The corresponding program row for this macro is:

N20 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=1000 ORY=3400.18 RG=2600 AN1=262.67 CUR=2 QZ=LPZ/2
PRF=40 VF=3 TIP=0 USC=0 RIP=3 INT=7.33 RES=1 Z=PRK L=G101

RADIAL BORES NON-RADIAL BORES

0°
0° Orx,Ory
Orx,Ory Rg
Rg
Anf AN1
AN1
0°
INT
INT
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EXAMPLE OF A PROGRAM WITH BORING ON AN INCLINED LINE OR ON AN ARC,

USING THE C AXIS

N20 PAN=1 ST1="FRESA10" ST2="NULL" ST3="NULL" L=PCUA

N30 X-20 Y200 Z=PRK TP=1 PRF=22 F=7 AX=X,Y,Z G40 L=PON TRZ=0 M55
N40 X0 Y200 G42 G69 R9000 G4
N50 X2000 Y200 R-2600 G5
N60 X1600 BA90+30.83 G1
N70 X400 R2600 G4
N80 X0 Y200 G1
N90 X-20 Y180 G40 G1
N100 L=POFF
N110 M212
N120 PAN=1 ST1="AGGRE5" ST2="NULL" ST3="NULL" L=PCUA
N130 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=0 ORY=200 MO=380.24 AN1=59.17 QZ=LPZ/2 PRF=40
VF=3 USC=0 RIP=3 INT=-32 RES=1 Z=PRK PCT=0 PG40=1 PRC=0
L=G100
N140 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=2000 ORY=200 MO=-380.24 AN1=-59.17 QZ=LPZ/2
PRF=40 VF=3 USC=0 RIP=3 INT=-32 RES=1 Z=PRK PCT=0 PG40=1
PRC=0 L=G100
N150 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=1000 ORY=2600 RG=2600 AN1=255 CUR=1 QZ=LPZ/2
PRF=40 VF=3 TIP=0 USC=0 RIP=5 INT=7.50 RES=1 Z=PRK L=G101
N160 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=1000 ORY=3400.18 RG=2600 AN1=262.67 CUR=2
QZ=LPZ/2 PRF=40 VF=3 TIP=0 USC=0 RIP=3 INT=7.33 RES=1 Z=PRK
L=G101

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3.9.4 – BLADE CUTS USING AXIS C

The C axis is also used to make blade cuts on inclined axes:

- Click on the “C Axis” icon.

- Click on the icon “Milling cutter on oriented axis”.

Compile fields of the “Milling cutter on oriented axis” macro window:

- PAN ⇒ Electrospindle no.

- UT ⇒ Aggregate sub-spindle no.
- Xin ⇒ X co-ordinate of the start of the cut.
- Yin ⇒ Y co-ordinate of the start of the cut.
- TID (1\2\3\4) ⇒ The type of known data for the machining operation.
- 1. Xfi – Yfi ⇒ X and Y co-ordinates of the final point.
- 2. Xfi – ANG ⇒ Final point and cutting angle X co-ordinates.
- 3. Yfi – ANG ⇒ Final point and cutting angle Y co-ordinates.
- 4. ANG – MOD ⇒ Angle and length of the cut.
- PRF ⇒ Cutting depth.
- VT ⇒ [m/min] Machining speed.
- VF ⇒ [m/min] Speed at which the blade moves from the safety position to the piece.
- INVERT (N\Y) ⇒ Inverts the initial point. Y starts from the final point.
- EXIT (Y\N) ⇒ Y leaves the piece at the end of the cut.
- RES (Y\N) ⇒ Y resets the machine.

Xin,Yin

Ang
Xfin,Yfin
Mod

3.10 – SIDE MACHINING

There are two ways to carry out electrospindle machining on the sides of a piece: using
the fixed horizontal electrospindle or, if fitted, an aggregate on the C Axis. For side
machining operations it is important to take into account the “Work table change ” as well
as the different compensations required according to the side concerned.

3.10.1 – WORK TABLE CHANGING

Rover machines are able to interpolate at the same time 2 axis + 1. Usually the first and
the second that individuate the principal plane are X and Y, and the third is Z axis. It’s
important to know that the first axis can vary only in incremental manner, while the two
main can vary point to point. When is necessary to make a machining on a piece’s sides
it’s necessary to specify the new axis that indicate the working table: redefine the two
principal axis and the third that will vary incrementally only.

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If, for example, it is necessary to machine side 1, the work table will no longer be AX =
x,y,z as for machining the front side of the piece (seen from above), but it will be AX= y,z,x.
For depth movements on this side, it is therefore necessary to change x (and not z as for
the front side), while z must be varied for height movements. Similar rules apply for
machining the remaining sides of a piece.

SIDE 1 ⇒ AX=y,z,x SIDE 3 ⇒ AX=y,z,x

SIDE 2 ⇒ AX=x,z,y SIDE 4 ⇒ AX=x,z,y

Slot on S1 or S3 Pice Sides Side 4

Y
X Side 1 Side 3
Frontal side
Z

AX=X,Z,Y Side 2

3.10.2 – SIDE COMPENSATION

When compensating for side machining operations, proceed for sides 1 and 2 as
explained, while sides 3 and 4 require a simple modification. To decide the side to be
compensated (Lh or Rh) for the sides 3 and 4, it is necessary to think of them as being
seen transparently from S1 and S2 respectively. Therefore, the compensation side for S3
is opposite to that of S1, while for S4, it is opposite to that of S2. One typical side
machining operation is a “slot”, which will be used as an example in the following 2 section

3.10.3 – SIDE MACHINING USING A HORIZONTAL ELECTROSPINDLE (SLOT ON S4)

This section describes how to create a slot on side 4 using a horizontal electrospindle.
Machining operations on the remaining sides are carried out in a similar manner, setting
different work tables. The first step is to set a point in which to start machining. This must
be outside the piece to be machined in order for the drill bit to position itself at the outer
side of the material.
Select icon “Work start”
X ⇒ 530 X=530
Y ⇒ -30 PON
Y=-30
TP ⇒ 3 (horizontal electrospindle n°)
F⇒4
PRF ⇒ LPZ/2
Frontal side
VF ⇒ 3
WORKING TABLE ⇒ X,Z,Y (side4)

At this point it is necessary to program a segment that will allow the drill bit to enter the
piece, starting from the external machining start point that has just been set.
It is advisable to use incremental values ( IXX) for side machining.

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Select icon “ Segments” ⇒ “ Segment, known final point ”

X ⇒ no value PON
Y ⇒ I50 50
Z ⇒ no value
Frontal side

This segment serves to “enter” the piece from the chosen external machining start point.
Set the compensation according to the criteria explained in the previous section and begin
to draw the slot. A new segment will therefore be required and this must range from the
compensation to the beginning of the first arc.

Select icon “Tool correction”⇒ “Circular attach”

X ⇒ I-30 XI-30
Z ⇒ I25
SIDE (D/S) ⇒ S ZI25
L4

Select icon “Segments” ⇒ “ Segments know end point”

X ⇒ I-100 ( decreases by 100 ) XI-100

Select icon “Arcs” ⇒ “Arc end point & radius”

Z ⇒ I-50
R ⇒ 25 ZI-50
ROTATION(+/-) ⇒ +

Select icon “Segments” ⇒ “ Segments know end point”

X ⇒ I200 ( increases by 200 )

XI200

Select icon “Arcs” ⇒ “Arc end point & radius”

Z ⇒ I50
R ⇒ 25 ZI50
ROTATION(+/-) ⇒ +

Select icon “Segments” ⇒ “ Segments know end point”

X ⇒ I-110 ( decreases by 110 ) XI-110

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Select icon “Tool correction”⇒ “Circular dettach”

X ⇒ I-30 XI-30
Z ⇒ I-25
ZI-25

Then program a final segment which, opposite to the first created segment, will serve to
cause the tool to exit the machined piece.

Select icon “Segments” ⇒ “ Segments know end point”

Y ⇒ I-50
POFF PON
50

Frontal side

EXAMPLE OF A SLOT PROGRAM USING A HORIZONTAL TP ON SIDE 4

;SLOT ON SIDE 4 USING HORIZONTAL TP

N20 X=530 Y=-30 Z=PRK TP=3 PRF=LPZ/2 F=4 VF=3 AX=X,Z,Y
G40 L=PON TRZ=0 M55
N30 YI50 G1
N40 XI-30 ZI25 G41 G69 R9000 G4
N50 XI-100 G1
N60 ZI-50 R25 G5
N70 XI200 G1
N80 ZI50 R25 G5
N90 XI-110 G1
N100 XI-30 ZI-25 R9000 G40 G4
N110 YI-50 G1
N120 L=POFF

1000
200

LPZ/2
R25
L4 100

530

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3.10.4 – SIDE MACHINING WITH AN AGGREGATE ON THE C AXIS

The first thing to check is that the C axis orientation angle to pick up the aggregate
from its position in the magazine has been set correctly.

From tooling:

- “Machine Data ” - “Tool carrier for Tool change magazine”.

- “Orientation C Axis ” – Enter the angle of axis C.

Orientation 0° Orientation -90° Orientation 180° Orientation 90°

Pin

- Click on the “Routing” icon.

- Click on the icon “Auto tool change”.

Enter the following parameters into the corresponding fields of the “auto tool change”
macro window:

- PAN ⇒ Electrospindle no.

- UT ⇒ Aggregate name.

To create a side machining operation with an aggregate on the C axis, the same macro is
used as the one used to create bores on an inclined line. The only difference is in the field
“EXIT (Y/N)” which must be set to “N” because the drill bit must not exit the piece until the
milling profile has been completed.

Select icon “C Axis” ⇒ “Orientable on line”

PAN ⇒ 1
UT ⇒ 1 ORX=530
ORX ⇒ 530
sic
ORX ⇒ 0 PRF
MO ⇒ 0
AN1 ⇒ 180 Frontal side
QZ ⇒ LPZ/2
PRF ⇒ 20
VF ⇒ 4
EXIT (S/N) ⇒ N Sic = safety position for TH

Boring Fixed cycle “Orientable on line” contain some instructions that, as default, place
tool at a minimum position from the piece equal to safety position for horizontal spindle.
Technical_Data⇒Tables⇒ PLC Tables⇒SIC⇒SIC_TH (value is expressed in [mm])
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Enter the work table change instruction into the next program row:

N20 AX=X,Z,Y

Then draw the profile of the slot using segments and arcs:

Select icon “Tool correction“ ⇒ “Circular attach”

X ⇒ I-30 XI-30
Z ⇒ I25
LATO(D/S) ⇒ S ZI25
L4

Select icon “Segment” ⇒ “Segment know end point”

X ⇒ I-100 ( decreases by 100 ) XI-100

Select icon “Arcs” ⇒ “Arc know end point & radius”

Z ⇒ I-50
ZI-50
R ⇒ 25
ROTATION(+/-) ⇒ +

Select icon “Segment” ⇒ “Segment know end point”

X ⇒ I200 ( increases by 200 )

XI200

Select icon “Arcs” ⇒ “Arc know end point & radius”

Z ⇒ I50
R ⇒ 25 ZI50
ROTATION(+/-) ⇒ +

Select icon “Segment” ⇒ “Segment know end point”

X ⇒ I-110 ( decreases by 110 ) XI-110

Select icon “Tool correction” ⇒ “Circular detach”

X ⇒ I-30 XI-30
Z ⇒ I-25
ZI-25

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EXAMPLE OF A SLOT PROGRAM USING AN AGGREGATE ON THE C AXIS, SIDE 4

;SLOT ON SIDE 4 USING AN AGGREGATE

N20 PAN=1 ST1="AGGRE2" ST2="NULL" ST3="NULL" L=PCUA
N30 PAN=1 UT=1 ORX=530 ORY=0 MO=0 AN1=180 QZ=LPZ/2 PRF=20
USC=1 RES=1 Z=PRK PCT=0 PG40=1 PRC=0 L=G100
N40 AX=X,Z,Y
N50 XI-30 ZI25 G41 G69 R9000 G4
N60 XI-100 G1
N70 ZI-50 R25 G5
N80 XI200 G1
N90 ZI50 R25 G5
N100 XI-110 G1
N110 XI-30 ZI-25 R9000 G40 G4
N120 L=POFF

1000
200

LPZ/2
R25
L4 100

530

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3.11 - SUSPENSIONS

This command is used to suspend the execution of a program and as a result,

machining, in order to allow the operator to intervene on the piece for example, to turn it or
to remove waste material. There are 4 possible types of suspension:

M212 “Suspension without release” _ The machine enters the park position and it is
(to remove waste) possible to move onto the mats to intervene on the piece. The piece remains
locked into place by the suction cups. To restart, press START from the
keyboard. N20 M212.
M200 “Suspension with release ” _ The machine enters the park position and switches
(to translate or turn) off the suction cups to release the piece. It is then possible to move onto the mats
to intervene on the piece, which is now free to be turned, for example. To restart
press START from the keyboard. N20 M200
M201 “Suspension with translation in X” _ This moves the origin to the mirror origin.
(for oversized pieces in Machining on this latter, however, is not mirrored. To restart press START from
X) the keyboard. N20 M201
M203 “Suspension with translation in Y” _ This moves the origin to a different row of
(for oversized pieces in stops. To restart press START from the keyboard. It is necessary to specify the
Y) row number N20 FIL=1 L=G03 M203

3.12 - SUBPROGRAMS

A normal machining operation that can be recalled several times within a single program
or within different programs can be defined as a subprogram.
Subprograms are constructed in the “Editor” environment and in exactly the same way
as a normal program, as shown until now. However, a subprogram is saved in a different
directory to that of the programs; the Editor automatically selects this directory when the
subprogram is saved:

File ⇒ Open ⇒ select the subprogram icon

File ⇒ Save or Save as ⇒ select the subprogram icon

The name of a subprogram may never start with the letters P or G or with a number
because the machine would confuse it with the routines set by BIESSE (fixed cycles).
Programming then proceeds using the criteria seen for standard programs. The only
difference is that in a subprogram, the piece dimension parameters are used only for
graphic tests of the programmed machining operations; the real measurements will then
be set in the program in which the subprogram will be recalled.
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The “Positioning” macro is used to recall one or more subprograms.

If a subprogram is used within a program, simply recalling the subprogram will cause
it to position itself with the top left-hand corner coinciding with the same corner of the
piece. To place the subprogram in another position in the program or to repeat it more
than once, it is necessary to specify two fictitious origins in directions X and Y by
proceeding as follows:

- X ⇒ followed by the letter O and by a measurement in mm, indicates the origin in X of

the sub-program;
- Y ⇒ followed by the letter O and by a measurement in mm, indicates the origin in Y of
the subprogram;
- L ⇒ this is the field in which the subprogram is recalled by specifying its name.

This operation must be repeated for each position in which the subprogram is to be
used.
In the event that the program is not comprised of subprograms alone, it is necessary, in
order to position the subprograms, to reset the previously modified origins in order to avoid
moving the part of the program that is not included in the subprogram by the programmed
value. To do this, it is necessary to type XO0 and YO0 into Positioning.

3.13 – PARAMETER PROGRAMMING

This “advanced level “ programming mode is used to manage sizes that are no longer
fixed and passed through numerical values but which are variable sizes that are passed
through parameters to which numerical values (to be assigned in the first program row) are
associated.
For example, if AK equals 20 and MM equals 100 and AA=AK+MM is entered, the result
is that the parameter AA will equal 120. The following instructions: N, L, LC, LO, LS, JM,
JP, T, TH, TP, TS, AX, MS, RP, RTI, BS, BT, RDM and FREF cannot be used as
parameters within an expression.
The most common use is that of creating programs where machining operations can be
adapted as the piece dimensions or parameters created by the operator vary.
The most frequently used parameters are those regarding the dimensions of the piece,
that is:

⇒ LPX ⇒ Piece length.

⇒ LPY ⇒ Piece width.
⇒ LPZ ⇒ Piece thickness.

To make the most of the advantages offered by this type of programming, it is necessary
to relate the machining co-ordinates to these parameters.

If for example, it is necessary to cut 10 mm from the right-hand part of a piece that is
1000 mm in length, it is possible to set the relevant value in two ways: one consists of
typing in the co-ordinate X=990 and can be applied only to the piece in question; the other,
which can be used for pieces of any length, is to set the value as X=LPX-10. Width and
thickness data can be set in the same manner.

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EXAMPLE OF A PARAMETER PROGRAM

This program squares a piece of varying dimensions.

Independently of the piece dimensions assigned in the “Parameters Box”, the program will
realise a milling profile at a distance of AA in X and of BB in Y at a depth of PP. It is also
possible to set a joint radius using the RR parameter.
The profile has external compensation.

;AA=DISTANZA IN X BB=BISTANZA IN Y RR=RAGGIO RACCORDO PP=PROFONDITA’

N10 AA=40 BB=40 RR=50 PP=20
N20 PAN=1 ST1="FRESA1" ST2="NULL" ST3="NULL" L=PCUA
N30 X=LPX/2-30 Y=(BB-30)Z=PRK TP=1 PRF=PP F=6 AX=X,Y,Z G40 L=PON
TRZ=0 M55
N40 X=LPX/2 Y=BB G42 G69 R9000 G4
N50 X=LPX-AA BR=RR G1
N60 Y=LPY-BB BR=RR G1
N70 X=AA BR=RR G1
N80 Y=BB BR=RR G1
N90 X=LPX/2 G1
N100 XI30 Y=(BB-30) R9000 G40 G4
N110 L=POFF

AA

BB

RR

LPY

LPZ PP

LPX

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3.14 – MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS

 The XNC Editor allows the use of commands that can be directly typed in from the Editor
environment and without using the data entry boxes as we have shown until now. These
commands are used to modify machining operations or to vary the execution flows of
instructions within the program itself.

3.14.1 – JUMP COMMAND

This command is used to jump from one program row to another row that is marked with
the corresponding label. This label must be a number between 1-49 and the jump
command is JM.
Two types of jump are possible:
- Unconditional jump: the program always jumps to the specified label [JM(label)]
- Conditional jump: the program jumps to the specified label only if certain conditions
have been met [JM(condition)(label)].

Conditional jumps may in turn be divided as follows:

- Conditional jump: jumps if the condition has been met [JM]

- Denied conditional jump: jumps if the condition has not been met [JM!]

To be able to use conditional jumps, it is necessary to enter the condition Operators.

- AND Operator: 1st AND 2nd condition [~]

- OR Operator: 1st condition OR 2nd condition [#]

Unconditional jump Conditional jump Denied conditional Conditional jump with operator
jump
N20 JM:1 N20 JM(LPX>100):1 N20 JM!(LPX>100):1 N20 JM(LPX>100~LPY<200):1
:1 :1 :1 :1

For better comprehension of this function, see the following examples:

unconditional jump

N10 JM:10 jump to label :10.

N20 ----------
:10

conditional jump

N10 JM(LPX>1000):10 jump to label :10 if the length of the piece

N20 ----------- is greater than 1000 mm.
:10

conditional jump with logic operators

N10 JM (LPX>300 ~ LPX<1000):10 jump to label :10 if the length of the piece
N20------------- is between 300 and 1000 mm (inclusive).
:10
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N10 JM(LPX<500 #LPX>1000):10 jump to label :10 if the length of the piece
N20------------- is outside the field between
:10 500 and 1000 mm (inclusive).

Denied conditional jump:

N10 JM! (LPX>1000):10 no jump to label :10 if the length of the piece
N20------------- is greater than 1000 mm.

3.14.2 – ROTATE COMMAND

This is used to rotate the required machining figures by a specified angle. There are two
types of rotation:

- Incremental rotation by angle α: Rotation by an incremental angle α [RTIα].

- Rotation by angle α: Rotation by an angle α [RTα].

This command must be inserted at the end of the row containing the object to be rotated.
For example:
N20 XO=XO+200 YO=YO+200 L=QUAD RTI45

This instruction rotates the QUAD subprogram figure by 45° (incremental).

3.14.3 – REPEAT COMMAND

This is used to repeat the required machining figures by a specified number of times.

This command must be inserted at the end of the row containing the object to be rotated.
For example:

N20 XO=XO+200 YO=YO+200 L=QUAD RP3

This instruction repeats the QUAD subprogram figure 3 times.

3.14.4 –“SCALE TO” COMMAND

This is used to redimension a machining operation in scale and can be one of four types:
:

- “Scale” all axes: Redimensions all axes [SF=x.x].

- “Scale” X axis: Redimensions the X axis only [SX=x.x].
- “Scale” Y axis: Redimensions the Y axis only [SY=x.x].
- “Scale” Z axis: Redimensions the Z axis only [SZ=x.x].

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This command must be inserted before the row containing the object to be
redimensioned, for example:
N20 SF=0.5
N30 XO=XO+200 YO=YO+200 L=QUAD

This instruction reduces the QUAD subprogram figure by half on all of the axes.

3.14.5 –“M” COMMANDS

M Description Comment
M0 Reset all enabled M commands
M20 Command the spindle motor to switch off
M50 Start a tool change (C.U.) cycle
M51 Close a tool change (C.U.) cycle

M60 Wait for operations to end on RBT and BT When the interpreter arrives at this instruction,
magazines. it stops and will proceed only when all
magazine operations have been completed.
M61 Wait for operations to end on BC magazine.
M62 Wait for operations to end on TR magazine
(chain).
M63 Park the RV 30 tool change (C.U.) shuttle.
M64 Restore the RV 30 tool change (C.U.) shuttle
stand-by position.
M67 Wait for machine-board magazine tool change When the interpreter arrives at this instruction,
(C.U.) command to be completed. it stops and will proceed only when all
machine-board (BM) tool magazine operations
have been completed. This can be used only
within a tool change cycle.

M68 R27 change belt tool When the interpreter arrives at this instruction,
it stops and will proceed only when all
magazine operations have been completed.

M200 Suspension for new piece lock (M200) or no lock RV 336L.In cases of long pieces on two
(M212) centres, the M200 (or M212) instruction must
be inserted into the program section for each
centre in order to synchronise both centres.
M201 Suspension to translate panel to new origin Suspends the centre to shift the piece onto the
(M201) or to new row of stops (M203). new origin (M201). This is valid only for long
pieces in order to command the TD (Double
Tandem = DT) function.
M203 Suspension to change row of stops.
M211 PLC-NC synchronisation.
M212 Centre suspension without piece release.
M213 Centre suspension for pallet test run.
M214 Insertion instruction.
M255 Tracing

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4 – TOOLING SYSTEM

The tooling system is an application that is an integral part of the XNC programs Editor.
It is an option that can be used to help the operator when positioning the work tables and
suction cups or shapeable suction cups on the tables themselves.
Use the programs Editor menu to access the relevant screens:

- Services ⇒ Suction cups.

The machine and its parts will be displayed automatically: work tables, suction cups or
shapeable suction cups, stops and special tooling, if any.
This tooling is empty by default and thus it is necessary to position the piece and adapt
the relevant elements to it.

To load a piece:

- Select the origin on which to position the piece from the “Origins” menu.
- From the menu select “Piece” ⇒ Load piece ⇒ the piece that is currently open in the
Editor will be positioned automatically.

At this point it is possible to set out the work tables and the shapeable suction cups in
order to obtain the best possible locking that will not damage the machine in any way
when executing the programmed machining operations and through operations in
particular. To move the different machine parts, it is necessary to select one of the three
icons in the top left of the screen, which show tables, suction cups and stops. The
selected element must then be dragged into the required position using the mouse cursor.

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All through machining operations are shown in different colours (white) in order to allow
the operator to decide the best possible tooling positions. To position the elements
beneath the piece accurately, it is possible to use the various Zoom functions, which can
be accessed by using the magnifying glass icons.

Once the final position of the elements has been established, to display the positions as
referred to the metric rules in the machine, proceed as follows:

- View ⇒ View Configuration Data

If the work tables are equipped with displays, the positions shown in the screen above
are automatically also shown on these displays.

To save the tooling data, it is necessary to enable the main Editor page by left
clicking on it with the mouse and then to save the program with the relevant tooling, using
the Save icon or [F2] function key.
From this time onwards, the tooling file can be recalled from the Editor page of programs
by editing the program itself and opening the Suction cups menu.

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5 - ASSISTED EDITOR GENERATOR

To facilitate the use of a parameter program, it is possible to create an “assisted box”

that can be used to enter parameter values each time that the program is recalled to a list.
Suppose, we wish to create this type of box for the parameter program given as an
example in section 3.13.
The first thing to do is to ensure that the parameter program does not contain rows that
assign values to the parameters:

N10 AA=40 BB=40 RR=50

If these rows are present, it is necessary to open the program in “Editor» and to delete
them or more simply, to type a semi-colon “;” at the beginning of each row:

;N10 AA=40 BB=40 RR=50

This operation is necessary because otherwise the parameters that will be inserted into
the list using the assisted box will not have any effect since the program already contains
assigned values.
Once this operation has been completed, it is possible to start creating the assisted box.

Start the “Creass” application by selecting it from the “Cni Start” menu:

Cni Start ⇒ “Assisted Editor Generator”

Open – Save – Close ⇒ the program to which the assisted box is to be

associated.
Move up – Move down ⇒ moves the selected row.

Copy – Delete ⇒ Copies or deletes the selected row.

Test – Edit – New row ⇒ Tests the lines written up to that point –
Edits or creates a row.

Use the “Creass” menu to open the parameter program for which the assisted box is to
be created:
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“File” ⇒ Open ⇒ Select the name of the parameter program

When the parameter program is open:

- Click on the “New row” icon.

-
Enter the following parameters into the box that appears:

- TITLE ⇒ Name or Title of the assisted box

window that is being created
- IMAGE ⇒ Name of the associated image
(e.g. imma.bmp )

In the same way, create as many rows as the variables required for the program to
operate (AA,BB,PP and RR). The red fields must be completed.
For example:

- Click on the “New row” icon.

- PARAMETER TEXT ⇒ Description of the

variable ( e.g. Distance in X )
- PARAMETER NAME ⇒ Name of the variable
used in the Editor (e.g. AA )
- EDIT LENGTH ⇒ Max. no. of characters that
can be typed in for this parameter
- FIXED VALUE ⇒ Default value
- UPPER LIMIT ⇒Range of acceptable values
- LOWER LIMIT ⇒ Range of acceptable values

Once all the necessary rows have been

created, it is possible to select “Test” from the
menu in order to test the macro that has just
been created.

As seen during the creation of the first row in “Creass”, it is possible to associate an
explanatory image to the new macro. This image will be displayed together with the
assisted box:

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- The image must have the extension BMP,DXF or PCX (max. 400x270 pixels) and it
must be saved in the directory HOME\D_XNC\FIGURE\

PLEASE NOTE:

- Once the box has been completed, make sure that the relevant parameter
program in the Editor has been closed before proceeding to save. If this
operation is not completed, the new changes will not be saved.

File ⇒ Save or the relevant icon.

At this point, the assisted box is complete. Each time that this program is recalled in the
“List” (1) the “assisted box” (2) will open automatically together with the relevant
explanatory image (3) which will allow the user to enter the necessary machining
parameters with ease.

1 2

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6 – DISK MANAGER

The Disk Manager application allows the management of all files created by the user and
other files in general. This supports disks in both DOS and UNIX formats.
To open the Disk Manager environment, it is necessary to left-click the mouse on the
desktop that is not occupied by other icons. If the button is held down, a menu will open
from which to select the item “Disk Manager” by releasing the mouse button.
The following page will then open:

This page is divided into two main parts:

- Source ⇒ the drive or directory from which to take the files
- Destination ⇒ the destination drive or directory for the files

Indeed, the manager allows the files on the hard disk to be copied from one sub-directory
to another by simply double clicking to open the directory from which to take the file and
doing the same for the directory in which it is to be copied. The next step is to select the
single program and to click on copy.
To copy one or more programs onto a floppy disk, it is necessary to insert the floppy disk
into the relevant drive and then to click above the item Hard Disk in the Destination table,
which conceals a menu, to select the item Disk A.
The following directories will open inside the Hard Disk window:
PROG: this contains the programs.
SPROG: this contains the subprograms.
LIST; this contains the work lists.

Double-click to select the required directory which, by opening any relevant sub-
directories makes it possible to copy one or more files onto a floppy disk. This
can be done either through normal selection or by using the Select/Deselect icon, which is
used to select or deselect all of the files contained in a sub-directory.

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To copy files from a floppy disk to the hard disk, select the item Disk A in the
Source table, followed by the View disk icon to check the contents. Proceed
using the same table described previously.

In the Disk Manager environment it is also possible to delete files from the hard
or floppy disks, as long as they are in the Source table. Select the files and use
Delete file icon

To format a disk, open the “Services” menu and then select the required format (DOS or
UNIX) and confirm.
To save all of the customisation files for the machine, it is advisable to store the
directories data, cycles and conf on floppy disk.

To copy these files, it is necessary, with the hard disk as the Source and disk A
as the Destination, to select the Machine Data icon and then to open the Data
directory by left-clicking twice with the mouse. Then select all files using the
Select/Deselect icon and copy them onto disk A. The same operation must be carried out
for the cycles and conf directories.
This same disk can also be used to configure the machine on a PC (OPTIX).

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7 - AUTOMATIC

So far we have looked at the construction of a program, we can now pass onto executing
the program by returning to talk about the CNI Positions environment.
Select the “AUTOMATIC” mode: this will enable three icons, Program, List and Debug.

7.1 - PROGRAM

Clicking on the “Program” icon opens the list of directories and programs that are stored
in the memory ready for operative execution by the machine. By selecting one of these, it
is possible to repeat the machining operations it contains for an unlimited number of times.
The name of the selected program is shown at the bottom of the C.N.I. Positions page,
followed by a number in brackets. This number changes as the number of machined
pieces increases.
In this mode, to change the program being executed, it is necessary to press the keys
[Stop] and [RESET] on the NC keyboard in succession and to repeat the procedure
described above to execute a new program.

7.2 - LIST

When List is selected, the screen shown here below will appear:

Here it is possible to set a list of programs to define a machining sequence which can
then be saved as… just like any other file by selecting:

File ⇒ Save as

Icon Fast keys Command Description

F1 PROGRAM: The list of programs is set by selecting the Program icon (this
opens a box for file selection) and selecting the names to be inserted into the
list one by one. Alongside each single program, it is necessary to set the
number of pieces to machine and, as each operation is executed, a counter
will increase to control the number of completed pieces. When the counter
has reached the automatically set number of pieces, the control will execute
the next program on the list and proceed in the same manner for the entire
time that there are programs to execute or until the production is halted.
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CTRL+F1 LIST: This inserts a sub-list into the work list that is already open. Using this
icon it is also possible to decide to queue other work lists to the open list.
This is done by selecting a name and clicking on insert. In this way the label
column will display the word READ, while the programs column will display
the name of the list to be opened. When the “READ” row is reached, the list
will be automatically exploded to its entirety and will be ready to be executed.
F2 INSERT: Inserts a row.

CTRL+F2 OPEN: Opens\Creates a work list. It is possible to open previously saved

work lists by clicking on this icon. This opens the list of available work lists.
By selecting a new name, the old work list on the automatic page will be
completely replaced.
F3 DELETE: Deletes the selected row in the work list.

CTRL+F3 SAVE: Saves the work list.

F4 COPY: Copies the selected row of the work list.

CTRL+F4 PARAMETERS:

7.2.1 – FIELDS DESCRIPTION

- LABEL (LABL) ⇒ Jump Label (e.g. AA) or instructions.

- PROGRAM ⇒ Program Name to be executed or jump instructions (e.g. JM AA).
- QUANTITY (QTY) ⇒ Number of times a program is to be executed.
- COUNTER (COUNT) ⇒ Counter for completed machining operations.
- COMMENT ⇒ Comments or assigns parameter paragraphs (e.g. $AA=50$)

To program jumps in a work list in order to modify the normal execution flow of a
program or of a sub-list it contains, proceed as follows:

Enter a reference name to jump to (e.g. AA) into the “Label” field and type in the jump
instruction (JM AA) into the “PROGRAM” field. Each time that the list reads the row with
the JM instruction, it will jump to the row that contains the LABEL (AA).

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8 – DEBUG

The Debug function may be enabled in each of

the automatic options and it is used to check the
program being executed row by row. It shows
the list of programs being executed and
highlights the steps that the machine is executing
in real time.
It is possible to select two options for program
display from the “Selection” menu: Routines and
Comments.
⇒ Routines: this is used to also display on the
page all of the fixed cycle rows that the program
recalls during its execution. These can be
recognised by the symbol (/) which precedes
them.
⇒ Comments: this is used to also display the
program and cycle rows commented by (;).
In the same “Selections” menu there are also the items: Line and Reset break.
⇒ Line: this is used to start the automatically selected program from a program row
that is different to the start row, specifying the row number from which to start. Since it is
possible to display the profiling or optimised boring, the number specified in the box refers
to the selected part. This function may also be selected from the icon alongside the
program list scroll window.
To be certain that the correct row number has been chosen, it is advisable to carry out an
automatic renumber for the program rows directly inside the “Editor” page. This is carried
out by selecting “Edit” ⇒ Renumber from the menu.
⇒ Reset break: this is used to cancel the break command and to resume the
program using the instruction that follows the stop instruction.
Beneath the pull-down menu, there are two boxes known as: Break n. and Parameters,
which are used to intervene in the program execution and in the screen display of
information from the program itself.
⇒ Break n.: this is used to place the program on HOLD while it is being executed
and at the row specified in the relevant box. It is important to remember that only the row
number is to be entered and not the (N). This must be confirmed with the [ENTER] key.
To be certain that the correct row number has been chosen, it is advisable to carry out an
automatic renumber for the program rows directly inside the “Editor” page. This is carried
out by selecting “Edit” ⇒ Renumber from the menu. To resume the program, it is sufficient
to press the <start> key on the NC keyboard. The row above the program display window
shows the enabled origin and the execution time for each piece.

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APPENDIX A – NEWS ON 2001 VERSION

DYNAMIC CONTROL OF JIG THICKNESS

In the 2000 version, the jig thickness is controlled from the “Parameter Box” through the
PCSG parameter, that is a datum which becomes, once saved, an integral part of the
program. Once, in order to modify this, it was necessary to open program by program the
“Parameter Box” and enter the new PCSG value.
This control revelead not to be very practical in case of use of “cover panels”, that is of
jigs which are ground during the piece machining cycle and which therefore vary
continuously in thickness. When the operator carried out machining cycles which included
the use of many programs as well as that of cover panels, the need arose for modifying
the PCSG value in each program.
The 2.0.0.1 version introduces a new control for the jig thickness, while maintaining as
default the old function of the PCSG value.
The new control shall be activated by the PLC table and this shall allow for the use of the
value OFFZ in the “origins table” instead of the PCSG parameter of the “Parameter Box”.
Here below follows a description of the operation modes for the new control.
In order to obviate the need to open and modify all programs which contain the PCSG
parameter, it is now possible to use a new box which is displayed by pressing a key on the
NC control panel. This box displays the default parameter of the Offset Z field of the
origins table, and acts directly on its content for all available origins. By modifying the
origin’s Offset Z with the current value of jigs (or cover panels), the machine shall be led to
position machining at the new Z position which takes into consideration the new
dimensions of jigs.

To program the current position of jigs with the version 2.0.0.1 control:

1. Enter in the “MANUAL” environment for POSITIONS application

2. Press the NC control panel’s key relevant to “jig thickness box”
3. The machine is now operating as if the button START has been physically
pressed on the NC to carry out machining.
4. At this point a parameter box is displayed with a single field only. The default
value visualised is the Offset Z current value of the origins table.
5. Enter a new thickness value for jigs and confirm it.
6. All columns composing the origins table shall be automatically updated and the
machine shall now operate as if the buttons STOP/RESET – which cut off the
NC from START - have been physically pressed.

At this point the jig thickness has been updated. At the subsequent START of a program
or of a work list for each program, the NC resets the PCSG value and machining is carried
out at a position in Z equal to the panel thickness (PLPZ) plus the Offset Z value of the
origin (OFFZ) which now “contains” also the current thickness of jigs.
From the 2.0.0.1 version, each time that STOP is pressed at the end of machining
operations, the machine data - which have been in the meantime modified by events - are
automatically saved. In this way at the restart of the NC, the Offset Z value shall be that
entered the last time the key for cover panel or jig thickness has been pressed.

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PLEASE NOTE: Should you wish to state that the cover panel or the jig has been
disassembled, it is necessary to press the key on the NC control panel in order to
view the box referring to thickness data entry and to enter the 0 value which
therefore cancels the offset presence on the origin.

In order to remind the operator that the dynamic control of jigs has been activated, and
that therefore it is possible that the origins table contains the Z Offset relevant to the jig
thickness, the following message has been added:

“PLC_9432 ⇒ Dynamic jig thickness enabled. Check the declared thickness exactness“

This message is displayed only at the START of the first program, after machine has
been turned on.

JIG or COVER PANEL DYNAMIC THICKNESS CONTROL

Cover Panel 2000 Vers. Control 2001 Vers. Control

Panel

(1) (1) LPZ (1) PLPZ

(2) PCSG (2) OFFSET Z
(2) OFFSET Z=0 PCSG=0

WT

DOUBLE MOVEMENT STOP CONTROL

With the introduction of the new ATS work table, the double movement stops are
removable accessories which can be assembled and disassembled, when needed, by the
machine’s operator. This has brought up the need of a new control of the positions of
origins.

The origins table includes, as for the old version of the NC, the positions of origins for the
telescopic standard stops (OFFX, OFFY, OFFZ) and, from the new version, the positions
for double movement stops contained in three new data fields: OFFDX, OFFDY, OFFDZ.
With the 2.0.0.1 version, offsets inserted by the double movement stops are not any
more controlled by the ISO instructions (XO, YO, ZO) to be entered in Editor but directly
from the PLC which reads out the value in the origins table during the START procedure in
a program.
At each START, the NC carries out the origin’s translation by adding algebraically to the
the origins’ X,Y and Z Offset values the three new OFFDX, OFFDY, OFFDZ values.
This function must be activated by the PLC table.

The use of double movement stops may be programmed through the “Parameter Box” or
through key combinations on the NC control panel:

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DOUBLE MOVEMENT STOP OFFSET

Machine Origin

OFFDX OFFY

OFFX
OFFDY
OFFDY

Double
Movement OFFDX
Stop

PROGRAM SIGNALLING THE ORIGIN’S TRANSLATION

The new “Parameter Box” introduces the new “TRANSLATED ORIGINS

(N\XX\YY\XY\T)” field that identifies the type of translation to be given to the selected
origin.

The following table summarizes the programmable functions:

N No origin’s translation at START

XX Execute the translation of X axis only
YY Execute the translation of Y axis only
XY Execute the translation of X and Y axes
T Execute the translation selected from NC keys

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SIGNALLING THE ORIGIN’S TRANSLATION BY MEANS OF SOFTKEYS

This possibility may be used only by NC1000 due to the lack of free keys on the XNC
and XNC_Compact control panels.
Therefore with the XNC and the available use of keyboard to define the presence
of translations, the system is forced to consider translations as non-existent when it
uses the basic co-ordinates of the origins.
Should the keys be active two keys have been provided, one for controlling the X
translation and the other for controlling the Y translation. These keys are ON/OFF type. At
PLC start-up, the two keys are OFF (no translation).

State Translation
ON Yes
OFF No

DOUBLE MOVEMENT STOP CONTROL ON TOOLING SYSTEM

As far as Tooling System is concerned, the CNI Controls process takes into account
the information on the system through the dimensions of stop drawings in order to
translate the panel while machining graphics are not subject to any translations (as
otherwise was the case with the ISO program). The drawing of the stop shall have -
besides the conventional INT layer that is a square surrounding the stop’s rod – an
INTAUX layer which, if present, determines the side where the panel shall be positioned. It
is this rectangle that determines the origin’s offset on the Tooling System. At this point,
work table tooling shall be consistent with effective machining so that, at START, the
operator shall view consistent values on work table displays.

STARTING A PROGRAM FROM A SINGLE ORIGIN

With the 2.0.0.1 version it is possible to

define, through the field “START SINGLE
ORIGIN” of the “Parameter Box”, a single
origin for panel machining. In this manner,
the operator is compelled to START the
program only on the origin enabled by the
program.

This control must be activated from the

PLC table.
If this type of control must be enabled, it
is necessary to set the value in the field
“START SINGLE ORIGIN” as equal to 0
(default value) to activate start on all
origins.
If this mode has not been activated,
anything which has been written in the
field “START SINGLE ORIGIN” is ignored
and all lights are lit, thus allowing the
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possibility to press start on all origins enabled according to the requirements of panel’s
dimensions.
If, on the contrary, this mode has been activated, the only light lit is that relevant to the
origin’s entered quantity.

PLEASE NOTE: The max. quantity of origins which may be entered in this field is equal to
the amount of origins (columns) set on the origins table. Therefore, it is opportune to have
an amount of columns equal to the amount of origins effectively present in the machine.

PARKING CONTROL WITH M212 (SUSPENSION WITHOUT UNLOCKING)

This function allows to optimize machining times on long operating time machines.
In fact, currently in the presence of suspension M, the machine goes in parking condition
always on the right-hand side or left-hand side and this means that, for long operating time
machines, if the boring unit is always parking on the left-hand side there is a time loss
when you are working on the right-hand side or vice versa. This function – if activated –
permits to obviate this time loss, since the problem of having the boring unit beam’s overall
dimensions is reduced by the fact that the panel remains locked and, in general, this type
of suspension is used to clean the piece.
This function must be activated from the PLC table and, practically, the result shall be
that if the machine is operating on the right-hand area the M “brings” the boring unit to the
right-hand side parking and vice versa.

NEW TOOLING SYSTEM FOR WT TOOLING

This section represents only a short description of a system controlled by the CNI
Controls which shall replace the old Suction Cup system to control the new work tables.
Therefore, for an in-depth explanation of its functions please refer to the CNI manual.

This new system has become necessary for two reasons: the attempt to make the use
of this instrument less hard and the need for controlling the functions linked to the new
work tables (WT), whether the latter are manually operated or motor-driven.
In brief, this instrument permits to

- control the new two categories saddle and jig which replace the suction cup
category
- control the jigs’ possibility to rotate on the XY surface
- assure the possibility to position the saddles on not program-activated stops
- facilitate WT positioning with through machining operations, thanks to the filters
on the basis of machining types
- provide a precious support for the creation of specular and/or translated tooling.

However, the supporting structure has not been totally changed and therefore the
operator must not work with a completely unknown instrument.
As far as compatibility between the two systems is concerned, it has not been assured.
In fact old-fashioned tooling is recognized and causes an error as well as a default file
loading. This is an obvious consequence given the host of conceptual differences between
these two tooling types. On the contrary, compatibility with program starting has been

-Programmazione XNC 2001-ing.doc- Page 79 of 81

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 WOODWORKING MACHINERY

purposedly maintained. In fact, the NC controls both tooling carried out with the old
Suction Cup system and tooling carried out with the new Tooling system. In this manner,
compatibility has been assured in order not to lose the old programs.

MACHINING WITH HORIZONTAL ELECTROSPINDLE

Three new fixed cycles have been included for the control of horizontal electrospindles:
PONH, PSUH and POFFH with functions equivalent to the corresponding PON, PSU and
POFF used for vertical electrospindles. For this reason, Assisted Editor has been enlarged
with new buttons. By selecting, with the mouse left-hand key, the HORIZONTAL
ELECTROSPINDLE instrument a sublevel is opened which is used to set machining
programs through the use of the horizontal electrospindle.

• Machining Start (green light)

• Suspension of Machining (orange light)

• Machining Stop (red light)

• Machining Start

By selecting the icon referring to MACHINING START, PONH (green light), the following
data concerning machining start are set:

PAN: electrospindle used for machining

QX: X point co-ordinate for machining start
QY: Y point co-ordinate for machining start
QZ: Z point co-ordinate for machining start
PRF: enter the value of cut depth
VF: enter the value of lead-in speed into the panel
F: enter the value of interpolation speed
S: enter the value of tool rotation speed
Z: (PRK default) position the Z position at the initial machining step
Work table: (X,Y and Z default) defines the pair of axes to be used for
circular interpolation and which axis is interpolated only on a
straight line (the third axis in the list). The value shall always be
the set value, since it is inside the fixed PONH cycle that -
depending on the electrospindle type – is determined the

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 WOODWORKING MACHINERY

interpolating pair. This value is used for tool lead-in inside

wood.
CRU (N/S/D): N= the programmed machining path is defined by the center of
the mill. S= the programmed path is defined by the left-hand
side of the mill, as seen from behind with regard to the forward
direction (the mill corrects the direction by moving towards its
right-hand side with regard to the N case). D= the programmed
path is defined by the right-hand side of the mill, as seen from
behind with regard to the forward direction (the mill corrects the
direction by moving towards its left-hand side with regard to the
N case).

After having set all data, confirm by selecting, with the mouse left-hand key, the command
field CONFIRM.

• Suspension of Machining

By selecting the icon referring to SUSPENSION OF MACHINING, PSUH (orange light),

the program line L=PSUH is automatically generated.

• Machining Stop

By selecting the icon referring to MACHINING STOP, POFFH (red light), the program line
L=POFFH is automatically generated.

PLEASE NOTE: The GLATOH cycle has been inserted especially for the PSUH and
POFFH cycles. This cycle indicates to the requesting cycle which is the panel’s side where
the enabled electrospindle may work, according to ANGR and ANGZ values of the
machine data ELECTROSPINDLE CORRECTORS table.

-Programmazione XNC 2001-ing.doc- Page 81 of 81

Date created 25-07-01 8:44
Last saved 29-07-02 11:40