Anatomy Outline

Bethlehem University
Faculty of Nursing & Health Science

Human Anatomy & Physiology
Course outlines
Biology Department
Biol.252-Human Anatomy and Physiology–II (3credits) Spring 2023
Teacher: Miss. Nevin Abuhammoud, RN, MSN. Cellular: 0537091699
E-mail: [email protected]
Office Hours: Any times you have a problem do not hesitate to stop by and see me in the
faculty. You could also contact me through the email and phone as well.
Intruduction:
The course is the second part and a continuation to the first part (Biol.252) offered to
2 nd year nursing students. The main goal of the course is to introduce a basic
understanding and working knowledge of the human at the level of system and organ
as well. The course will cover the anatomy and physiology of the following systems:
respirator, digestive, urinary, integumentary, immunity, musculoskeletal, genetic, and
reproductive, and also introduction to nutrition.
The knowledge gained in this course is essential to the nursing students as a

background for their future studies in medical and surgical nursing.
General Intended Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this course, the student demonstrates the ability to:
1. Name the basic terminologies used in human anatomy and physiology.
2. Identify the structure of human body systems and appreciate the state of the art
of the human body.
3. Describe the major clinical considerations associated with each system.
4. Distinguish between various human systems in terms of their anatomy and
physiology.
5. Describe the importance of ATP to the cellular activities and chemical
reactions.
6. Explain the fine line between anatomy and physiology.
7. Train the students to use and develop more of their critical thinking in dealing
with problems.
8. Identify the types of tissues in the human body as related to the body systems.
9. Selest the accumulated knowledge to appreciate the study of anatomy and
physiology.
10. Use the proper method of citing others’ work when you prepare your
assignment, report, …etc.
1
Text book:
Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness 12th Ed
[PDF][tahir99]
Topics to be covered:
Unit I: Tissues and integument

 Tissues of the body: epithelial and connective, types of body membranes, body
cavities.
 Integument: structure, accessory structure and function, blood and nerve
supply.
Intended learning outcomes:
 Identify the relationship between the types of epithelia found in the body and
their function.
 Name the types of connective tissues found in the body.
 Define the location of connective tissues and list some of their functions.
 Summarize the role of the skin as an organ.
 Appreciate the role of the skin in homeostasis.
 Explain the basis for skin color.
 Explain the role of the skin in helping to maintain normal body temperature.
List representative of body structures produced by the primary germ layers
*** There will be an announced a quiz in unit I.

Unit II: The skeletal system
 Structure and function of the skeletal system

 Bone formation, maintenance and heeling
 Structure and function of the articulate system
 Blood and nerve supply
 Identify the components of the skeletal system.

 Describe the histological features of compact and spongy bone tissue.
 Explain bone remodeling as a homeostatic mechanism.
 List the sequence of events involved in fracture repair.
 Discuss what is involved in calcification and bones growth.
 List the components of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
 Identify the bones of the skull and the major markings associated with each.
 Identify the bones of the vertebral column and their principal markings.
 Identify the bones of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle and their major markings.
 Identify the upper extremity, its component bones, and their markings.
 Identify the components of the pelvic girdle and their principal markings.
2
 Identify the lower extremity, its component bones, and their markings.
 Compare the principal structural differences between male and female
 Define an articulation and identify the factors that determine the degree of
movement at a joint.
 Discuss the composition and functions of synovial fluid.
 Define arthritis and differentiate among its major categories.
There will be an announced a quiz in unit II.
Unit III: Muscular system
 Structure and function of skeletal muscular system

 Relationship between muscular and skeletal system
 Skeletal Muscles and body movement
 Energy source for muscle movement
 Blood and nerve supply to main muscle groups
Intended learning outcomes
 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing

body movements.
 Define the criteria employed in naming skeletal muscle.
 List the characteristics and functions of muscle tissue.
 Identify the histological characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue.
 List the principal events associated with the sliding-filament theory.
 Compare spasms, cramps, convulsions, and fibrillation as abnormal muscular
contractions.
 Describe the structure of skeletal muscle from the level of the whole muscle
filaments.
 List the four major proteins composing skeletal muscle and describe their
orientation in the muscle filaments.
 Relate the biochemical structure and anatomy of different type of muscles to
their function.
First exam: There will be an announced exam in units I, II and III.
Unit IV: Nervous system and sensory physiology
Intended learning outcomes
 Identify the role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.
3
 Contrast the histological characteristics and functions of neuroglia and
neurons.
 Understand the roles of transmitter substances involved in transmitting an

impulse across a synapse.
 Compare the functional anatomy of a stretch reflex, flexor reflex, and crossed
extensor reflex.
 Describe and draw the gross anatomy of the spinal cord.
 Identify the principal parts of the brain.
 Compare the components of the brain stem with regard to structure and
function.
 Identify the 12 pairs of cranial nerves by name, number, type, location, and
function.
 Explain the actions of selected drugs on the central nervous system.
 Explain why the hypothalamus is an important center for homeostasis of body

functions.
 Describe the structures of the cerebellum and its functions in motor control.
 Compare the structural and functional differences between the somatic efferent
and autonomic portions of the nervous system.
 Relate the structure of the eye to its functions.
 Describe the structure of each part of the ear, giving functions for each part.
 Follow the principal events in the physiology of hearing.
 Define medical terminology associated with the sense organs.
*** There will be an announced a quiz in unit IV.
Unit V: Blood, Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.

 Heart and blood vessels structure, heart valves,
 physiology of the heart and its cycle, type of circulation,
 blood: components, bone marrow and blood components,
 hemostasis process and clotting factors);
 lymphatic system: its components, function and mechanism of lymphatic
circulation
 Nerve and blood supply to main organs.
4
 Identify the chambers, great vessels, and valves of the heart.
 Define systole and diastole as the two principal events of the cardiac cycle.
 Describe, in general terms, the early development of the heart, the plan of
the fetal circulation, and its differences from the adult.
 Describe the coronary circulation.
 Explain ABO and RH blood grouping
 List the Major subdivisions of the blood and its functions.
 Contrast the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries,
venules and veins.
 Identify the components and functions of the lymphatic system.
 Describe the histological aspects of lymph nodes and explain their
functions.
 Identify the locations and compare the functions of the tonsils, spleen, and
thymus gland.
Mid-term exam: There will be an announced exam in units I, II, III, IV and V.
Unit VI: Resistance and immunity
 Identify the body’s main non-specific defense cells

 Describe the functions and features of the inflammatory response
 Explain the process of phagocytosis
 List the main antimicrobial substances of the body
 Discuss the roles of the different types of T-lymphocyte in providing cell-
mediated immunity
 Describe the process of antibody-mediated immunity
 Distinguish between artificially and naturally acquired immunity, giving
examples of each
 Distinguish between active and passive immunity, giving examples of each.
 Describe the effects of ageing on the immunity.
There will be an announced a quiz in unit VI.
Final exam: There will be an announced exam in units I, II, III, V, and VI.
***Last two weeks, students present their projects/reports in the class.
5
Assessment methods:
 First exam 20%
 Mid-term exam 20%
 Homework assignments/quizzes 15%
 Project or report 10%
 Final exam 35%
______________________________________________
Total 100%
The topic should be related to human anatomy and physiology. You have the freedom
to select the topic that you like within the framework of the course. The grading of
this section would be based on the quality of the report and/or project (5 Points) and
the oral presentation in the class (5 Points).
**Assignments should be turned in, for grading, one week after posting it on the
E-class platform.
Good Luck

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Bethlehem University

Faculty of Nursing & Health Science

The knowledge gained in this course is essential to the nursing students as a

General Intended Learning Outcomes:

Unit I: Tissues and integument

List representative of body structures produced by the primary germ layers

*** There will be an announced a quiz in unit I.

 Structure and function of the skeletal system

Intended learning outcomes:

 Identify the components of the skeletal system.

There will be an announced a quiz in unit II.

Unit III: Muscular system

 Structure and function of skeletal muscular system

Intended learning outcomes

 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing

First exam: There will be an announced exam in units I, II and III.

Unit IV: Nervous system and sensory physiology

Intended learning outcomes

 Identify the role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis.

 Understand the roles of transmitter substances involved in transmitting an

 Describe and draw the gross anatomy of the spinal cord.

 Identify the principal parts of the brain.

 Explain the actions of selected drugs on the central nervous system.

 Explain why the hypothalamus is an important center for homeostasis of body

 Relate the structure of the eye to its functions.

 Follow the principal events in the physiology of hearing.

 Define medical terminology associated with the sense organs.

*** There will be an announced a quiz in unit IV.

Unit V: Blood, Cardiovascular system and lymphatic system.

Unit VI: Resistance and immunity

Intended learning outcomes:

 Identify the body’s main non-specific defense cells

There will be an announced a quiz in unit VI.

***Last two weeks, students present their projects/reports in the class.

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