Tugasan Ctu

FACULTY OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE &

POLICY STUDIES
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI
MARA (UITM) KAMPUS
SUNGAI PETANI, KEDAH
DIPLOMA IN PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIAN PUBLIC POLICY

(PAD104)
PREPARED FOR: DR. NOR

ARDYANTI BINTI AHMAD
SUBMISSION DATE: 14
DECEMBER 2022
1. MOHAMMAD HAFIZ AIMAN BIN MOHD SHAHRIL 2022111107

2. MOHAMAD AIMAN HAFIZI BIN MOHAMAD ISMAIL 2022535947
3. HARITH NAQIUDDIN BIN SHAIFUDDIN 2022570605
4. NUR ADRIANA ADLIN BINTI AZLAN 2022935177
1
NO TABLE OF CONTENT NO PAGE
1. Introduction
3
2. Policy problem
4
3. Main objectives 14
4. Actor in the creation of the policy 15
5. Implementation of the policy
6. Evaluation on the effectiveness of the policy
7. Recommendation
8. Conclusion
 References
2
INTRODUCTION
Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad proposed the National Development Policy as Malaysia's
official economic strategy first. The goal was to achieve economic growth while also
ensuring that the benefits of such progress were distributed equitably across all aspects of
society. The New Economic Policy (NEP) was replaced by the National Development Policy
in 1990, but the majority of the NEP's affirmative action policies for Bumiputera remained in
place. According to government statistics, the percentage of the economy controlled by
Malay people was nowhere near the target of 30%. The government discovered during its
examination of the NEP that, while income inequality had been reduced, significant goals
relating to overall Malay corporate ownership had not been fulfilled. Despite the fact that the
income disparity had been reduced. Both Mahathir and the Tunku have expressed concern
about the Malay people's continued economic reliance on the Chinese. This strategy was
established in 1991 for a ten-year period and was eventually replaced by the National Vision
Policy (NVP) in 2001.
Since the early 1970s, the government has advocated for a social and economic
restructuring strategy known as the New Economic Policy (NEP) and later as the New
Development Policy (NDP), which sought to strike a balance between economic growth and
wealth redistribution. These policies were first known as the New Economic Policy (NEP)
and then as the New Development Policy (NDP) (NDP). Members of Malaysia's Chinese
and South Asian minorities have long wielded disproportionate economic power. The
National Economic Partnership (NEP) and the National Development Programme (NDP)
have had as their primary goals to increase economic opportunities for Malay people and
members of other indigenous groups, as well as to foster the development of their
management and business acumen. Furthermore, official economic policy has pushed the
private sector to play a larger role in the restructuring process. The privatisation of several
public-sector activities, such as the national railway, airline, automotive manufacturing,
telecommunications, and energy companies, has been an important component of this
programme.
2.0 POLICY PROBLEM
A policy problem is defined as a need, value, or opportunity for change that is not currently
being reached. Policy issues can also refer to change opportunities. This definition explains
what the term "policy problem" means. The primary focus of the process of formulating
public policy, which, in the end, is all about producing the policy itself, is finding solutions to,
or at least attempting to find solutions to, problems associated with a policy. That is easy to
explain, but putting it into practise is a much more difficult problem to face in the real world.
 COORDINATION AMONG INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES

When implemented without proper integration, the introduction of new reform agendas and
the establishment of new institutional structures can have an impact on the effectiveness of
inter-agency coordination.
 Efficacy in measures and implementation gaps

There are several limitations to using the planning system to achieve socioeconomic
outcomes. It is crucial to ensure institutional capacity to keep up with and coordinate
responses in the face of rapid change and dynamic policy dimensions.
 Adequate resources
3
Plans must be backed up by adequate financial resources. This becomes even more
pressing when external factors enter the picture, such as the mid-1980s oil price collapse.
MAIN OBJECTIVES
National development is a country's ability to raise the standard of living for its citizens. It can
be accomplished by providing individuals with basic living necessities and employment
opportunities, among other things. Development is a process that results in growth,
progress, and positive change. Development is a good sign. Economic growth and income
growth are two aspects of development. Literacy, health, and the provision of public services
are all examples of social progress.
ATTAIN BALANCED DEVELOPMENT

To build a more united and just society, the NDP's emphasis on growth with equity will allow
all Malaysians to participate in economic activities, ensuring political stability and national
unity. Building on the ongoing thrust of the NEP in eradicating poverty and restructuring
society, the NDP will include the following critical aspects: striking an optimum balance
between the goals of economic growth and equity, ensuring a balanced development of the
major sectors of the economy in order to increase their mutual complementarities to optimise
growth, and reducing and eventually eliminating the country's social and economic
inequalities and imbalances to promote a fair society. The above-mentioned balanced
development goals are founded on the following considerations. To begin, the principle of
growth with equity is critical to achieving a fair and equitable distribution of national wealth.
Second, balanced societal development promotes the preservation of social and political
stability. Third, the development of a Malaysian society with high moral values and ethics, as
well as positive attitudes, is critical to the development of a responsible, resilient,
progressive, and caring society. Fourth, wise management of natural resources and ecology,
as well as the preservation of natural beauty and a clean environment, are critical to
improving the quality of life for current and future generations. A balanced economic
development is required to ensure stable growth, reduce social conflicts, promote racial
harmony, and strengthen national unity.
PROMOTING AND STRENGTHENING NATIONAL INTEGRATION

By reducing the stark differences in economic development between the states and between
urban and rural areas of the nation, by creating a progressive society where all people enjoy
greater material welfare while also being instilled with positive social and spiritual values,
and by fostering a greater sense of national pride and consciousness, and by encouraging
the development of human resources, including creating a productive and disciplined labor
force and developing the necessary skills to ensure that everyone has access to opportunity.
Ensuring that environmental protection and ecological preservation receive the proper
attention while economic development is pursued. Uphold the development of the nation's
long-term viability. To achieve the nation's socioeconomic goals, the NDP will rely more on
the private sector's responsiveness and initiative. The sector will need to share more of the
social responsibility in managing growth that can produce enough opportunities for a fair
distribution of benefits among all Malaysians in order to fulfil the role that has been entrusted
to it. By concentrating on enhancing the growth-friendly environment and offering sufficient
social and physical infrastructure, the public sector will support these initiatives.
4
INSTITUTIONAL STRENGHT
Throughout this time, the concept of a more proactive and customer-focused public sector
began to take root. The changes were designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness
of the public sector in providing quality services. Several programmes were implemented,
including quality management, Client's Charter implementation, efficient counter services,
productivity and performance measurement, expanded use of ICT, responsive public
complaints management, and the instillation of positive values and work ethics. The
improvements in productivity and customer satisfaction that have resulted are promising,
and efforts to improve the public service delivery system will be increased. During the period,
the emphasis on good governance in the public and private sectors increased in order to
improve transparency and efficiency and make Malaysia more competitive and appealing to
investors. The National Integrity Plan (PIN) was launched in 2004 to galvanise efforts toward
the creation of a high-integrity Malaysian society. To increase efficiency and good
governance in the corporate sector, laws and regulations were reviewed, including a review
of the corporate governance framework for financial institutions and the introduction of the
Malaysian Code of Business Ethics, or Rukuniaga Malaysia. The Human Rights Commission
of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) was established under the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia
Act 1999 to provide an institutional mechanism for the promotion of human rights. Between
2000 and 2005, SUHAKAM investigated 2,917 complaints alleging violations of human rights
and abuse of power.
RECOMMENDATION
According to the evaluation that

has been made based on SWOT
analysis on PPSMI
5
policy, there are a few
weaknesses and threats that have
been recorded after the PPSMI
policy was implemented among
the student, teacher, school, and
government itself. To ensure
that the PPSMI policy can be
used without issue, the policy's
weaknesses and threats must
be improved and avoided.
There are various ways to
improve weaknesses and to
avoid
threats.
According to the evaluation based on SWOT analysis on National policy, there are a few
weaknesses and threats that have been recorded among citizens and the government itself
after the National policy was implemented. To ensure that the National policy can be
implemented without difficulty, the policy's flaws and threats must be addressed and
avoided. There are numerous methods for improving weaknesses and avoiding threats.
Recommendation on Weakness
6
Recommendation on Threats

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FACULTY OF

ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE &

INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIAN PUBLIC POLICY

PREPARED FOR: DR. NOR

1. MOHAMMAD HAFIZ AIMAN BIN MOHD SHAHRIL 2022111107

4. Actor in the creation of the policy 15

5. Implementation of the policy

6. Evaluation on the effectiveness of the policy

 COORDINATION AMONG INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES

 Efficacy in measures and implementation gaps

ATTAIN BALANCED DEVELOPMENT

PROMOTING AND STRENGTHENING NATIONAL INTEGRATION

According to the evaluation that

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