‘oaioar202% ‘Table of design properties for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) Fagg Eurocode mre Applied.com Subject: Free online calculation tools for structural design according to Eurocodes Design: Date Table of design properties for square steel profiles - Square Hollow Sections (SHS) Design aid - Table of design properties for square hollow steel sections (SHS) including section dimensions, cross-section properties (area A, second moment of area |, elastic modulus Wel, plastic modulus Wpl), strength properties (elastic moment Mel, plastic moment Mpl, plastic shear Vpl), and buckling properties (Section class, buckling curves) According to: EN 1993-1-1:2005+AC2:2009 Sections 6.2 & 6.3 Supported Notional Annexes: Nationally Defined Parameters (NDPs) automatically filled for supported countries (left blank otherwise) Input Profile type = Hotfinished ~ Steel class = $235 v Steel partial material safety factor for Yo = 1 cross-section resistance Units = mmv hitpsteurocedeapplied.com/cesigrient99ishs-design-properties ve‘oajoar2024 “Table of design properties for Square Holow Sections (SHS) ‘Notation for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) according to EN1993-1-1 Design properties of hot finished Square Hollow Section (SHS) for $235 steel class (uo = 1.00, units = mm) Profile dimensions Area p erotic | prawing tension hicknss "uRAE "CURSE | MIE seme Imm} mm) gy tery | Oty SHS 40/2.6 dxf 40.0 26 3.9 2.6 3.00 0.15: SHS 40 / 3.2 dxf 40.0 3.2 43 3.2 3.61 0.15: SHS 40/4 dxf 40.0 40 6.0 40 439 0.15¢ SHS 40/5, dxf 40.0 5.0 75 5.0 5.28 0.14 SHS 50/2.6 dxf 50.0 2.6 3.9 2.6 3.81 0.19: SHS 50 / 3.2 Oxf 50.0 3.2 48 3.2 4.62 0.19: SHS 50/4 dxf 50.0 40 6.0 4.0 5.64 0.191 SHS 50/5, dxf 50.0 5.0 75 5.0 6.85 0.18 SHS 50/6.3 dxf 50.0 63 94 6.3 8.31 0.18 htpssourocedeapplad.comicesigr/ant99shs-design-proporis 28‘oaoar2024 ‘Table of design properties for Square Holow Sections (SHS) Profile dimensions Areay Outer Inner Notes 1. The design resistances of the profiles correspond to cross-section resistances reduced by the partial material factor yyg in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6,2.3(2), §6.2.4(2), §6.2.5(2), 86.2.6(2) The aforementioned design resistances do not take into account a) flexural buckling, b) local shell buckling, c) interaction effects of axial force, shear force, bending moment, and d) interaction effects of biaxial bending, Therefore the presented cross-section resistances are indicative values applicable for special cases. In general the overall element resistance is smaller and must be verified according to the relevant clauses of EN1993-1-1 Section 6. 2. The outer rounding radius ro and the inner rounding radius rj are nominal values to be used in calculations and they are specified in the design standards EN 10210-2 §A.3 for hot finished structural hollow sections and EN 10219-2 §B.3 for cold formed structural hollow sections. The actual rounding radii may vary within the tolerances allowed by the aforementioned standards and the sectional properties still remain valid Details Design properties for rectangular hollow steel sections (RHS) and square hollow steel sections (SHS) according to EN1993-1-1 Differences between Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) and Square Hollow Sections (SHS) In general the procedure for calculating the properties of Square Hollow Sections (SHS) is the same as for Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS). The equations for Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) may also be used for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) by substituting h = b. The rest of the text covers the more general case of Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS). Definition of the cross-section For typical Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) the geometric properties of the cross-section are defined in the following standards: © EN 10210-2: Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels © EN 10219-2: Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels The geometric properties that define the cross-section are: height h, width b and wall thickness t. In addition the rounding of the corners is defined by the outer rounding radius r. and the inner rounding radius r;, The notation is defined in £N7993-1-1 §1.7 which is reproduced in the figure above. The outer rounding radius r. and the inner rounding radius rj are specified as nominal values to be used in calculations in the standards and they are specified in the design standards EN 10210-2 §A.3 for hot finished structural hollow sections and EN 10219-2 §B.3 for cold formed structural hollow sections: © EN 10210-2 (Hot finished): © For any thickness: ro = 1.5¢ and rj = 1.0¢ pplad.comicesigr/ant99sns-design-proporios seoarz02s Table of éesign properties for Square Holow Sections (SHS) © £N10219-2 (Cold formed): © For thickness <6 mm: ro = 2.0t and r;= 1.00 © For thickness 6 mm > ts 10 mm: ro = St and r= 1.5t © For thickness > 10 mm: re = 3.0t and r; = 2.0¢ The actual rounding radii may vary within the tolerances allowed by the aforementioned standards and the sectional properties still remain valid. Geometric properties The basic geometric properties of the cross-section are calculated by using the fundamental relations of mechanics. Due to symmetry the centroid of the cross-section (center of mass) as well as the shear center are located at the center. The geometric quantities include the total area of the cross section A and the second moments of the area /, and J, about the major axis y-y and about the minor axis 2-2 respectively. They are calculated by adding the contribution of the external boundary and then subtracting the contribution of the internal void where the rounding of the corners is properly taken into account: A= 2t(b + h- 2t)-(4- (re? - 17) ly = bh / 12 - (b - 2-t)(h- 20) / 12 - Ally + Agehgy?) * Alleg + Age hey”) 1, = Wb? /12-(h- 2:t)(b - 203 / 12 - Ally + Agrhg,”) + Alleg + Ageche,?) where the following auxiliary quantities are defined in EN 10210-2 §A3 and EN 10219-2 §B.3: Age (1-101 4)ro2 Age (1-1/4)? Igy=h/2-ro- (10-31) (12-31) and hg, = 2 Fp- (10-311) /(12- 3) Irey = (B= 20) /2-1)- (10-31) (12-3) and hep = (b= 21) 2-1 «(10 - 310) / (12-3) Ig = [1/3 - 16-1 / (3-12 - 3r))-ro* leg = [13-116 -1 (3-12-34 Shear area ‘The shear areas A,2 and Ayy for the case of rectangular hollow sections are specified in EN1993-1-1 56.2.6(3) as: Load parallel to depth: Ay, = Avh/ (b +h) Load parallel to width: Avy = A:b /(b +h) Elastic section modulus The elastic section modulii Wey and We, about the major axis y-y and the minor axis z-z respectively are calculated by dividing the second moment of the area /, and /, with the corresponding distance from the centroid to the most distant edge: Wely = ly/(h/ 2) Wrz =le/(b/2) Plastic section modulus hitpsteurocedeapplied.com/cesigrient99ishs-design-properties 48‘oaioar202% ‘Table of design properties for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) The plastic section modulli Waly and Woz about the major axis y-y and the minor axis z-z respectively correspond to the maximum plastic bending moment when the axial force of the cross-section is zero and the stress profile is fully plastic. Due to symmetry when the full plastic bending stress profile is reached with zero axial force the section is divided into two parts separated by the axis of symmetry. The plastic section modulus corresponds to the sum of first moments of the area of the two halves about the major axis y-y and the minor axis 2-2 respectively. Woly = Bh? / 4 -(b- 20)(h- 207 4- 4 Aphgy + &Agghey Wplz = h-b? / 4 -(h-2t)(b- 20° /4- 4-Aghgs + 4Agcher Torsional properties The torsional constant fr and the torsional modulus Wy are defined in EN 10210-2 §A.3 and EN 10219-2 §B.3. The specified values are good approximations for the case of thin walled rectangular hollow sections with rounded corners. In the following equations the quantity h in EN 10210 and EN 10219 is denoted as ho: I= B-hg 13 + 2-KAn Wy = Ip / (t+ K/t) where the following auxiliary quantities are defined in EN 10210-2 8A.3 and EN 10219-2 §B.3: Ree (Fo tH 2 Ay = (b- Oh = t)- R247) = 21-1) +(h- 0] 2Re(4- 1) K=2Apt ho Design cross-section resistance The design resistance of the cross-section for axial force, shear force, and bending moment are calculated in accordance with £N7993-1-1 56.2, They correspond to the gross cross-section resistance reduced by the steel partial material safety factor for cross-section resistance yyjq that is specified in N1993-1-1 §6.1 for buildings, or the relevant parts of EN1993 for other type of structures, and the National Annex. The aforementioned design resistances do not take into account a) flexural buckling, b) lateral torsional buckling, ¢) interaction effects of axial force, shear force, bending moment, and d) interaction effects of biaxial bending, Therefore the presented cross-section resistances are indicative values applicable for special cases. in general the overall element resistance is smaller and must be verified according to the relevant clauses of EN1993-1-1 Section 6. ~ Design axial force resistance The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform tension is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6,2.3(2). The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform compression for cross-section class 1, 2, 3 is specified in EN7993-1-1 56.2.4(2). The aforementioned axial force resistances correspond to the gross cross-sectional area A and the steel yield stress fy Noura = Ady / Yoo - Design shear force resistance The design plastic shear resistance of the cross-section is specified in £N1993-1-1 §6,2.6(2). It corresponds to the relevant shear area Ay,. OF Avy, for shear force along the axis 2-z and y-y respectively, hitpsteurocedeapplied.com/cesigrient99ishs-design-properties se‘oaioar202% ‘Table of design properties for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) multiplied by the steel yield stress in pure shear f, / 13 corresponding to the yield criterion in EN7993-1-1 $6.2.1(5):: Vuree = Ave (fy! 93 )/ Yo Vpureiy = Avy (fy / ¥3)/ yo ~ Design torsional moment resistance The design torsional moment resistance of the cross-section for the case of St. Venant torsion is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.7. The shear stress due to St. Venant torsion is derived from the theory of elasticity as specified above. For elastic verification the yield criterion in £N1993-1-1 §6.2.1(5) is applied, i.e. the shear stress is limited the steel yield stress in pure shear fy / 13: Tra = Wr Ufy/¥3)/ Yo ~ Design elastic bending moment resistance The design elastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in N1993-1-1 96.2.5(2). It corresponds to the relevant elastic section modulus Wely oF Welz, for bending about the major axis y-y or about the minor axis z-z respectively, multiplied by the steel yield stress fy: Mairdy = Weiy fy! Yrao Metdz= Welz fy! ¥wo The elastic bending moment resistance is applicable for class 3 cross-sections. For class 4 cross-sections the effective cross-section properties must be defined that take into account the reduced effective widths of the compression parts of the cross-section as specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.2.5. - Design plastic bending moment resistance The design plastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in £N1993-1-1 $6.2.5(2). It corresponds to the relevant plastic section modulus Wp, or Wa,z, for bending about the major axis y-y or about the minor axis z-z respectively, multiplied by the steel yield stress f,: Mplray = Woy ~fy / Yao Moire = Wpiz fy! Yo The plastic bending moment resistance is applicable for class 1 or 2 cross-sections. Cross-section class The classification of cross-sections is specified in EN1993-1-1 85.5. The role of the classification is to identify the extent to which the resistance and rotation capacity of the cross-section are limited by local buckling of its parts. Four section classes are identified: © Class 1: Plastic bending moment resistance develops and plastic hinge develops with rotation capacity adequate for plastic analysis. © Class 2: Plastic bending moment resistance develops but the rotation capacity is limited by local buckling, © Class 3: Elastic bending moment resistance develops but local buckling prevents the development of plastic resistance. © Class 4: Elastic bending moment resistance cannot develop because local buckling occurs before the yield stress is reached at the extreme fiber. Effective widths are used to account for the effects hitpsieurocedeapplied.com/cesigrvent99ishs-design-properties oeoaz02s Table of éesign properties for Square Holow Sections (SHS) of local buckling of compression parts. The classification of the cross-section parts (web parallel to depth, web parallel to width) is specified in £N1993-1-1 Table 5.2. The class of the compression part depends on its width c to thickness t ratio, adjusted by the factor ¢ that takes into account the value of the steel yield stress fy €= (235 MPa/f,)°> In general the class of the compression part is more unfavorable when it is subjected to uniform compression, as compared to pure bending. Indicative classification of the webs of the steel profiles is presented for the characteristic cases of pure uniform compression and pure bending moment. In general the class may have an intermediate value if the stress profile of the compression part occurs from a combination of compressive axial force and bending moment. The classification of the total cross-section is determined by the class of its most unfavorable compression part. The examined width to thickness limits c /t for cross-section classification according to EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2 are presented below: Width to thickness limits for cross-section classification according to EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2 Class Web in pure compression Web in pure bending Class 1 c/ts33e c/ts72e Class 2 c/ts38e cits 83e Class 3 c/ts4ze cits 124e For the classification of the web parallel to depth: c= h - 2t- 2r. For the classification of the web parallel to width: c = b - 2t- 2r, Buckling curves The appropriate buckling curve for rectangular hollow sections and square hollow sections is specified in £N1993-1-1 Table 6.2 depending on the steel yield stress fy, and whether the section is hot finished or cold formed as described in the following table: Buckling curve of rectangular hollow sections and square hollow sections according to EN1993-1-1 Table 6.2 Type Steel Class Buckling Curve Hot finished $235, $275, S355, $420 a Hot finished 460 a0 Cold formed $235, $275, $355, $420 c Cold formed 460 c pplad.comicesigr/ant99sns-design-proporios 18‘aioar202 ‘Table of design properties for Square Hollow Sections (SHS) Fag] Eurocode ect Applied.com cone SSE as sen hitpsteurocedeapplied.com/cesigrient99ishs-design-properties oy