A ray of hope for success……….

Special Note: This Passing Package is prepared based on the

MODEL QUESTIONS PAPER launched by the KSEAB- 2023

PART- A
First In India
First European to reach India Portuguese
First Home Minister of India Vallabhai Patel
First President of India Babu Rajendra Prasad
First state formed based on Language AndhraPradesh
First European landed in Calicut Vasco Da Gama
First to accept Subsidiary alliance Nizam of Hyderabad
First Prime Minister of free India Jawahar Lal Nehru
First Governor General of British Warren Hastings
First viceroy of Portuguese in India Francisco De Almeida
First paper Industry in India Serampur
First lady to fight against British in Karnataka Rani Chennamma
First Multi-purpose river valley project Damodar Valley Project
First Nation park of India Jim Corbett National park
First petroleum well In India Digboi

Articles
Article-21A Right to Education.
Article-24 Prohibits Child Labour
Article -17 Prohibits Untouchability

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 Famous Dates and Events
Dates Events
10th December 1948 Declaration of Human Rights by General assembly.
15th March Human Rights Day.
24th October 1945 Establishment of U N O.
1st January 2015 Introduction Of Niti Ayog.
1978 District Industrial Centers were established.

Famous declarations
Persons Declarations
Dayananda Saraswati ‘India should be for Indians’.
Mahatma Gandhiji Untouchability is a ‘stigma’ on the Hindu society.
Adikavi Pampa ‘Truly, the whole mankind is one’.
Mahatma Gandhiji Development of its villages is the true development of India.

Persons & Books

Persons Books
Sir M Vishweswaraiah ‘Planned Economy for India’.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gita Rahasya.
Dayananda Saraswati Satyartha Prakash.
Jyotibaa Phule Gulamgiri.

Persons & Titles

Persons Title
Sir M Vishweswaraiah Father of Economic Planning in India’.
Basappa Shastri Abhinava Kalidasa.
Dondiya The Wagh/ Tiger.
Krishna Raja Wodeyar IV Rajashri.
Dr. B R Ambedkar Architect of Indian Constitution.
Dr. M S Swaminathan Father of Green Revolution’
Vallabhai Patel Iron Man of India.
Hitler Fuhrer

Places & Titles

Places Title
Constantinople Gateway of European Trade.
Mumbai Manchester of India/ Cotton Polis of India/ Gate way of India
Kolkata Tea port of India.

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 4 Mark question and answers
Chapter – 1 -Advent of Europeans to India (3+4=7 Marks)
1. Plassey war. Outcomes/Results/Effects of Buxam war.
Year: - June 23rd, 1757.  Combined forces were defeated.
Parties:- Siraj-ud-Daula and Robert Clive.  Mir Qasim ran away.
 Shah Alam-II surrendered.
Causes of Plassey war  British secured Diwani rights.
 Misuse of Dastaks.  Shah Alam II gave the rights over
 Mending of the fort without Bengal for 26 lakhs.
permission.  Nawab of Awadh gave 50 lakhs to
 Black Room Tragedy. British.
Outcomes/Effects of Plassey war.  British took over the entire
1. Siraj Ud Daula was defeated & killed. administration of Bengal.
2. Mir Jafar was made Nawab.  Robert Clive introduced Dual Govt.
3. War brought out the immorality. 3. Expalin how Raja Marthanda Varma
4. War bought lack of unity. made his kingdom strong and great?
5. Company got the rights to trade in OR
Bengal. Explain how Marthanda varma checked the
Dutch?
6. Mir Jaffar paid 17 Crores and 70 lakhs.
 Built an army of 50,000 Soldiers.
2. Battle of Buxar  Extended the border of wynad.
Year- 1764  Occupied the pepper growing areas.
 Made other rulers to oppose Dutch.
Parties: Combined forces of Mir Qasim, &
 Captured trading centers of Dutch.
British.
 Defeated Dutch in many battles.
Causes of Buxar war  Established the trade rights of pepper
 Mir Qasim declared himself an in Kerala and Tamilnadu.
independent King.  Got back the ports which were in the
 Restricted the misuse of Dustaks. control of the Dutch.
 Made business was duty free in Bengal.  Made Travancore as the richest
 British trade suffered. province.
 British opposed the Nawab.
 British dethroned Mir Qasim.
 British made Mir Jafar again as Nawab.
 Insulted Qasim organized army.
 Qasim entered into agreements with
Shah Alam-II and Shuj-ud-daula.

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4. How British did established their 7. Explain how Portuguese established
power in India? their power in India.
 Opened East India Company.  First to arrive at India.
 Met Jahangir.  Almeida implemented ‘Blue Water
 Took permission to trade. Policy’.
 Opened first factory at Surat.  Tried to establish the supremacy over
 Later established factories at Agra, the sea instead land.
Ahmedabad and Broach.  Albuquerque, waged a battle against
 Took Madras from the King of the Sultan of Bijapur.
Chandragiri.  Albuquerque captured Goa.
 Got Bombay from Charles II.  Goa became the administrative center.
 Purchased villages namely Calcutta  Had absolute monopoly over trade
and Govindapura etc. with India for a century.
 Made Bombay, Madras and Calcutta 8. Explain the Second Carnatic War.
as the trading centers.  Fought in 1749-1754.
 Made Calcutta their capital city.  Between French & English.
 British Won the battle of Plassey and Reasons:
Buxar.  Internal Rivalry for the throne of
 Defeated French in Carnatic wars. Hyderabad & Carnatic.
5. How French did established their  French supported Salabath Jung in
power in India? Hyderabad
 Opened French East India Company.  French made Chanda Saheb as the
 Started its first factory at Surat. nawab of Arcot.
 Established its factories in Karaikal  Robert Clive attacked & killed
Mahe, Karaikal, etc. Chandasaheb.
 French took Valikandapuram &  British made Md.Ali as the nawab of
developed it as a major trade center. Carnatic.
 Made Pondichery as their Capital.  War ended with the Treaty of
 Dupleix expanded French power. Pondicherry.
6. State the causes that resulted in the  War brought laurels to the English.
discovery of a new sea-route to India.  French suffered a political setback.
 Fall of Constantinople.
 Turks started levying taxes.
 Encouraging sailors.
 Scientific Inventions.
 Trade became unprofitable.
 Europeans attempt to break the
monopoly of Italian traders.

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1. How did the British and French tried to establish their power in South India?
 British and French were rivals.
 Tried to establish their control over south.
 Fought for the Arcot and Hyderabad.
 Led to Carnatic war.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 French captured Madras.
1 Carnatic French  British took the help of
st  War ended with Treaty.
war & Anwaruddin.  Treaty of Aix-la Chappele’
1746-48 British  Anwaruddin failed to defeat
the French.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 Political instability in Arcot
 French lost the war.
& Hyderabad.
 British won the war.
2nd Carnatic French  French supported
 War ended with treaty of
war & Chandasaheb.
Pondicherry.
1749-54 British  British supported Md. Ali.
 War brought laurels to the
 Robert clive attacked &
English,
defeated ChandaSaheb.
War & Year Parties Causes Effects/Results
 Sir Eyre Coote defeated the
French.
3rd Carnatic French
 French attempted to seize  Imprisoned Bussy.
war &
the fort Wandiwash in 1760.  Treaty of Paris’ signed.
1756-63 British
 Pondicherry was returned
to French.

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Chapter- 2- Challenges of India and their remedies - (3+4=7 Marks)
1. Make of list of challenges India facing Regionalism
since 1947.
Meaning: Strong feeling of people in
 Communalism. • Illiteracy.
favour of the local area in which they live.
 Corruption. • Poverty.
 Economic inequality. • Profiteering Causes for Regionalism
 Over – population. • Regionalism.  Regional historical background.
 Smuggling.  Social system.
 Economic considerations.
Communalism  Cultural diversities.
Meaning: Split of the whole national  Geographical aspects.
community on the basis of religion.
Effects of Regionalism
Effects of Communalism  Leads to rivalry.
 Breaks unity and integrity.  Breaks unity and integrity.
 Creates religious division.  Interstate-border disputes.
 Creates economic antagonism.  River water disputes.
 Creates political rivalry.  Acts against national interests.
 Promotes hate philosophy.
 Leads to social unrest. Measures to tackle Regionalism
 Ruin of life and property.  Single national citizenship.
 Leads to physical combat.  Promoting national Unity and integrity.
32  Preamble of our Constitution declares
Measures to check communalism “We the people of India”
 Uniform legal system.  Achieve progress of the backward
 Equal treatment of all citizens. states.
 Practice of secularism.  Promoting healthy regionalism.
 Secular education to children.  Promoting strong nationalism.
 Public awareness.  Projects for the development of all the
 Political determination. states.
 Administrative fairness. 3. What are the reasons for Illiteracy?
 Sound legal system.  Poverty.
 Healthy media.  Migration.
 Child labour.
 Child marriage.
 Lack of interests to give education to
children.
 Assignment of responsibility of baby
care elderly children.

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4. What are the measures to spread literacy? Status of Women
 Sarva Siksha Abhiyan. Fields in women working
 Provide free education.  Doctors • Teachers. • Pilots
 Stress on girl education.
 Police • Politicians • Engineers
 Compulsory free education.
 Astronauts • Defence personnel.
 National Literacy Mission.
 ‘Sakshara Bharath’pragram.
Measures to improve the position of
 Article 21A. Education is a
women
fundamental right.
 Women education.
 Right to Education-2009
 Prohibition of Child Marriage Act.
Corruption  Dowry Prohibition Act.
Meaning: An inducement to do wrong by  “Stree Shakti”.
bribery or other unlawful means.  Loan for self-employment.
 Mahila Mandalas.
Reasons for Corruption  Women Self-help groups.
 Lack of moral urge.  Women Co-operatives.
 Selfishness.  Women Commissions.
 Calculation of risk factors.  Reservation in Government jobs.
 Personal gain.  Reservation local body.
 Lack of strict vigilance.
 Weak legal system. Economic Inequality
Meaning: widening of the gap between
Negative consequences of corruption the poor and the rich.
 Affects the social, economic and
Causes of Economic inequality
political system.
 Failure of Government programs.
 Leads to organized crimes.
 Smuggling.
 High Salary.
 Fraud.  Operation of MNC’s.
 Tax- evasion.  Profiteering.
 Hoarding.  Corruption.
 Increasing of white collor jobs.
Measures to fight Corruption
Measures remove economic inequality
 Strong political will.
 Proper economic reforms.
 Public support
 Careful fiscal policies.
 Good political leadership.
 Sound administration.
 Healthy taxation system.
 Lokpal.  Small scale and rural industries.
 Lok Ayukta.  Growth of large industrial houses.
 Strict punitive measures.  Land reforms.
 Harsh punishment.  Labour oriented policies.

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 Over-Population Profiteering
Reasons for over population Meaning: Excess profits earning trend at
 Increasing birth rate. the cost of consumers.
 Decreasing death rate. OR
 Raise in standard of living. Gaining of huge money by easy
 Decrease of infant mortality. method in business.
 Child Health Care Programs.
Factors leading to profiteering
Effects of Over population  Monopoly of business
 Unemployment.  Spread of multinational companies.
 Illiteracy.  Unhealthy market practices.
 Poverty.  Hoarding.
 Beggary.  Black marketing.
 Housing problems.  Lack of proper price monitoring
 Health problems.
 Water scarcity. Effects of Profiteering
 Corrupts society.
Measures to tackle Over Population
 Creates economic inequality.
 Economic growth.
 Increase poverty.
 Spread of literacy,
 Encourages crimes.
 Technical training.
 Rise in prices.
 Agricultural development.
 Erodes the income.
 Industrial growth.
 Export promotion. Remedial measures to check the
 Rise in employment opportunities. proffering.
 Proper governmental regulations.
Poverty  Control of price index.
Meaning: A condition when people are  Expansion of cooperative marketing.
not able to get basic necessities of life like  Proper taxation policy.
food, cloth and shelter. Smuggling
Measures to eradicate Poverty Meaning: Bringing commodities from
• Issue of BPL cards foreign countries without paying taxes.
• Five year plans.
Effects of Smuggling
• Increase per capita income.
• Domestic industries suffer.
• Jawahar Rozgar yojana.
• Domestic market suffer.
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojanas.
• Harms the national economic interests.
• Proper utilization of resources.
• Affects the national economy.
• Proper distribution of wealth.
• MGNAREGA program.

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 What are your suggestions to control smuggling?
• Encouraging import substitutions • Modulations of domestic market prices.
• Proper export-import policy • strict coastal vigilance service.
• Punitive measures. • Inter-state trade agreements

Chapter-3 India- Soils

1. How is soil formed? What are its types? 4. What is conservation of soil? List out
 Soil is formed by the weathering of the ways of preventing soil erosion.
rocks under different types of climate.  Prevention of soil erosion and
protecting the fertility of the soil.
Types of soils
1. Alluvial soil. Ways to prevent soil erosion
2. Black soil.  Counter ploughing.
3. Red soil.  Afforestation.
4. Laterite soil.  Control of livestock grazing.
5. Desert soil.  Planned use of water.
6. Mountainous soil.  Construction of check dams.
2. What is Soil Erosion? What are the  Construction of bunds.
causes for soil erosion?  Development of terraced agricultural
 Transportation of surface soil by fields.
various natural forces.  Prevention of deforestation.
Causes for soil erosion 5.Characteristics of Alluvial soil
1. Deforestation.  Lower area soil.
2. Over grazing.  Extensively spread.
3. Over irrigation.  Spread over 7.7 million sq. KM.
4. Unscientific methods of cultivation.  Found in northern plains and coastal
5. Running water. plains.
6. Winds.  Crops grown are wheat, paddy,
7. Sea waves. sugarcane, cotton and jute.
3. List out the Effects of soil erosion.
 Accumulation of silt causing floods. 6.Characteristics of Desert soil
 Rivers change their course.  Found in desert.
 Storage capacity of reservoirs gets  Red and brown Colour.
reduced.  Water percolates easily.
 Loss of fertility of the soil.  Spread over 1.4 lakh km.
 Agriculture production gets reduced.  Found in North West of Rajasthan.
 Ground water level is lowered.  Crops grown- Jowar, Sajje and dates.
 Vegetation covers dries up.
 Drought increase.

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 7.Characteristics of Black soil 9.Characteristics of Red soil
 Black in Colour.  Red in colour.
 Called ‘Regur soil’.  Spread over 5.18 lakh Km area.
 Best suited for cotton cultivation.  Largely found in peninsular Plateau.
 Also called Black Cotton Soil.  Seen from Kanyakumari to Jhansi.
 Spread over 5.46 lakh Km area.  Spreads from Gujarat to Raj Mahal
 Formed by the weathering of igneous hills.
rock.  Crops grown- Ragi, tobacco and oil
 Very fertile. seeds.
 Contains more of clay particles.
 Capable of retaining water. 10.Characteristics of Laterite soil
 Highly suitable for dry farming.  Looks red in colour.
 Crops grown- Cotton, jowar, wheat,  Less fertile soil.
onion, chilly, lemon and grapes  Lacks nitrogen & minerals.
 Spread over 2.48 lakh km area.
8.Characteristics of Red soil  Found in the areas receiving more
 Found on the slopes of the than 200 cms of rainfall.
mountains.  Minerals dissolved percolate to
 Contains decayed organic matter. deeper layer of the soil.
 Rich in nitrogen and organic  Iron oxides and Aluminium are
residues. found in the top layers.
 Very fertile soil.  Crops grown – coffee and Tea.
 Best for growing coffee and Tea.
 Crops grown- coffee, tea, spices and
fruits.

Chapter-4 Impact of the British Rule In India

Impact of British Land Tax system Impact of British Education in India
 Zamindars class was created.  Universities were established.
 Farmers were exploited.  Indians developed modernity,
 Farmers became landless. secularism.
 Land became a commodity.  Developed democratic attitudes.
 Agriculture became commercialized.  Developed Nationalistic ideals.
 Money lenders became strong.  Local literature developed.
 Many Zamindars had to mortgage  Local languages developed.
their lands to pay land taxes.  Periodicals started.
 Fresh thinking began.
 Influenced Indian freedom struggle.
 Schools & colleges started

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 Measures undertaken at the time of the Revenue Systems
British in Police system. Ryotwari System
 Introduced by Lord Cornwallis.  Introduced in 1792.
 Maintaining the internal law and order.  Introduced by Alexander Reed in
 Created the post of Superintendent of Baramahal.
Police (SP).  Introduced by Thomas Munroe in
 Divided a district into many ‘Stations’ Madras & Mysore in 1801.
 Put every station under a ‘Kotwal’.  Farmer and the company were directly
 Put every village under ‘Chowkidhar’. linked.
 ‘Kotwal’ was made accountable for  Tiller of the land was recognized as the
thefts etc. at village level. owner.
 Police Officers were under the power of  Owner had to pay fifty percent of
the Magistrates. produce as land tax.
 Police system underwent continuous  Land tax had thirty years tenure.
changes. Mahalwari System
 In 1861, the Indian Police Act was  Mahal means Taluk.
implemented.  Introduced by R.M. Bird and James
 Police Commission was created in 1902. Thompson
 Introduced in U P, M P, Punjab etc.
Civil Service  Big and small Zamindars were part of
 Lord Cornwallis introduced. this system
 Introduced for the purpose of  Company officials fixed land tax.
administration.  Land tax was more than the expected
 Company was appointing the production.
employees.  Farmers suffered severely.
 Employers made money. Zamindari System
 Employers became corrupt.  Introduced by Lord Cornwallis.
 Regulating act was passed in 1773.  Introduced in Bengal during 1793.
 Lord Cornwallis opened Fort William  Extended to Bihar, Odissa, Andhra etc.
College in Calcutta.  Zamindar became the land owner.
 Till 1853 appointments were done by  Zamindar was expected to pay the
the directors. agreed land taxes.
 From 1853 appointments for Civil  Zamindar was free to collect any
Services were done through amount of land taxes.
Competitive Examinations.  Benefited the Zamindar more.
 Zamindar and the Company were
benefitted.
 Farmers suffered severely.
 Farmers were exploited.

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 Judicial system formulated Regulating Act
through East India Company. Year: 1773
 Two types of courts were established. Reasons
 Company officials became corrupt.
 Diwani Aadalat’ a civil court
 Corrupt officials were criticized.
‘Fouzadaari Aadalat’ a criminal court.
 Criticized the tax payment.
 Hindus dispensed justice as per the
 England feared that these corrupt
Hindu scriptures.
people.
 Muslims dispensed justice as per the Provisions
Shariyat.  Governor of Bengal became the
 British legal procedures were Governor General.
introduced.  Supreme Court was established in
 Civil courts were supervised by Calcutta.
European officers.  Bengal Presidency gained control over
 Criminal courts were supervised by the other two presidencies.
“Qajis”  Governor General was authorized to
How does the India Government Act of direct, exercise control and to supervise
1935 become the base of Indian over the other two presidencies.
Constitution?  Bombay & Madras presidencies had to
 Base for the formation of Indian get approval to declare war or
Constitution. agreements.
 Report submitted in 1928.
 Reserve Bank of India was established.
 Act allowed the formation of fully
responsible government by Indians.
 A federal system was formed.
 Diarchy was established at the center.
 Included self-governance in India.

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