CAPACITOR

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals.

HOW CAPACITORS ARE MADE?

>A capacitor is created out of two metal plates and an insulating material called a dielectric. The metal
plates are placed very close to each other, in parallel, but the dielectric sits between them to make sure
they don't touch.

The dielectric can be made out of all sorts of insulating materials: paper, glass, rubber, ceramic, plastic,
or anything that will impede the flow of current.The plates are made of a conductive material:
aluminum, tantalum, silver, or other metals. They're each connected to a terminal wire, which is what
eventually connects to the rest of the circuit.

HOW A CAPACITOR WORKS ?

The positive and negative charges on each of these plates attract each other, because that's what
opposite charges do. But, with the dielectric sitting between them, as much as they want to come
together, the charges will forever be stuck on the plate (until they have somewhere else to go). The
stationary charges on these plates create an electric field, which influence electric potential energy and
voltage. When charges group together on a capacitor like this, the cap is storing electric energy just as a
battery might store chemical energy.

There are two commonly used capacitor symbols. One symbol represents a polarized (usually
electrolytic or tantalum) capacitor, and the other is for non-polarized caps. In each case there are two
terminals, running perpendicularly into plates.

The symbol with one curved plate indicates that the capacitor is polarized. The curved plate usually
represents the cathode of the capacitor, which should be at a lower voltage than the positive, anode
pin. A plus sign should also be added to the positive pin of the polarized capacitor symbol.

MAIN FUNCTION OF CAPACITOR

>An electronic part that stores and releases electricity into a circuit is a capacitor. Without sending
direct current, it often sends alternating current. A capacitor is an integral component of electrical
equipment and is thus, almost always found in an electronic circuit.
The primary purpose of capacitors is to store electrostatic energy in an electric field and where possible,
to supply this energy to the circuit. To prevent a dangerous failure of the circuit, they allow the AC to
move but block the flow of DC.

When it is attached to its charging circuit, a capacitor can store electric energy. And it will dissipate the
accumulated energy when it is removed from its charging circuit, so it can be used as a temporary
battery. Energy storage is the most common application for capacitors. Additional applications include
power conditioning, coupling or decoupling of signals, filtering of electrical noise and remote sensing.
Capacitors are used in a wide variety of industries because of their diverse uses and have become an
essential part of daily life.

Charging and discharging are the basic functions of capacitors.

Charging The process of charging capacitors with electricity (storing charge and electricity) is called
charge. At this time, the capacitor's two plates are always one plate with positive charge, the other plate
with an equal amount of negative electricity. The cathode of one plate connecting the capacitor to the
power supply (such as the Battery group) and the cathode of the other plate connecting the power
supply, the two plates are respectively with the same amount of heterogeneous charge.There is an
electric field between the polar plates of the capacitor after charging, and the charging process stores
the electrical energy obtained from the power supply in the capacitor.Discharge The process of losing
charge (releasing charge and electrical energy) of a rechargeable capacitor is called discharge. For
example, by connecting the poles of a capacitor with a wire and the charge on the poles neutralizing
each other, the capacitor emits charge and electricity.After discharge, the electric field between the
polar plates of the capacitor disappears and the electrical energy is converted into other forms of
energy.In the general electronic circuit, the commonly used capacitors to achieve bypass, coupling,
filtering, oscillation, phase shift and waveform transformation, these effects are the evolution of its
charging and discharging functions. The role of capacitors in circuits: in DC circuits, capacitors are
equivalent to circuit breakers.

A capacitor is a device that is used to store charges in an electrical circuits . It is similar to a battery, but
can be smaller, lightweight and a capacitor charges or discharges much quicker. A capacitor works on
the principle that the capacitance of a conductor increases appreciably when an earthed conductor is
brought near it. Hence, a capacitor has two plates separated by a distance having equal and opposite
charges. The space between the conductors may be filled by vacuum or with an insulating material
known as a dielectric. The ability of the capacitor to store charges is known as capacitance.