TOPIC 4: CLASSES – INTERMEDIATE (PART 2)

CSC 435 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

CHAPTER OUTLINE

 ARRAY OF OBJECTS
 COMPOSITE OBJECTS
 APPLICATION – SIMPLE SORTING AND SEARCHING ALGORITHM
ARRAYS

Primitive Data-type Object

Bicycle bike [ ];
double rainfall []; bike = new Bicycle[10];
rainfall = new double[12]; ..
bike [i] = new Bicycle( );

Bicycle[ ] bike = new Bicycle[10];

double[] rainfall = new double [12]; ..
bike [i] = new Bicycle();
ARRAY OF PRIMITIVE DATA TYPE

• An array is a collection of similar data types.

• Array is a container object that hold values of homogenous type.
• It is also known as static data structure because size of an array must be specified at the time
of its declaration.
• Array declaration:
➢ data_type variable [ ] = new data_type[size];
➢ Example: int num [ ] = new int[10];
➢ This example creates an array of type int with space for 10 int variables inside.

• new operator is used to initialize the memory of an array.

ARRAY OF PRIMITIVE DATA TYPE

Primitive data Array declaration

type
int int num [ ] = new int [5];
double double num [ ] = new double [5];
char char grade [ ] = new char [5];

//array creation
int num [ ]=new int[5];

//array initialization
num = new int[ ]{2,3,4,5,6};
 import java.util.*;
ARRAY OF PRIMITIVE public class arrayIntDataType
{
DATA TYPE public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
int num [ ]= new int[3];
 Example program array of int data type
Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
num[i]=sc.nextInt();

for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{

System.out.println("Number"+(i+1)+
":"+num[i]);

}
}
}
ARRAY OF OBJECTS

 Create array to store references to objects

 The array does not store the object, only
store reference/address
 The variable that store array itself is also a
reference variable
ARRAY OF OBJECTS

❖ To declare the array of object:

className[] arrayName= new className[size]

❖ For example, we have class Student and want to create an array named s that will
store 100 objects

Student[] s = new Student[100]

ARRAY OF OBJECTS

❖ After the array has been created, by default all index will store null value (no
references/address to object)
❖ To instantiate object, syntax is as follow:

for (int index=0; index<array_name.length; index++)

array_name[index] = new class_name();

Where i is the index value

CREATING AN OBJECT ARRAY - 1
Only the name person is
Code A Person[ ] person; declared, no array is
allocated yet.
person = new Person[20];

person[0] = new Person( );

person

State
of
Memory
After A is executed
CREATING AN OBJECT ARRAY - 2
Now the array for storing
Code Person[ ] person;
20 Person objects is
B person = new Person[20]; created, but the Person
objects themselves are
person[0] = new Person( );
not yet created.

person
person

0 1 2 3 4 16 17 18 19

State
of
Memory

After B is executed
CREATING AN OBJECT ARRAY - 3
One Person object is
Person[ ] person; created and the reference
Code to this object is placed in
person = new Person[20]; position 0.
C person[0] = new Person( );

person

0 1 2 3 4 16 17 18 19

State
of Person

Memory
After C is executed
 public class Student
{
ATTRIBUTE AS ARRAY IN CLASS private String name;

DEFINITION private double [ ] test = new double [2];

public Student()
{
Example : name=" ";

Each student has two attributes which are //array initialization

name and test. Two marks of test 1 and test 2 test = new double[ ]{0.0 , 0.0};
will be stored. }

public Student (String n, double [ ] t)

Based on the problem above, {
Object is Student.
name =n;
Attributes :
String name for(int i=0; i< test.length; i++)
double [ ] test = new double [2] {
test[i] = t[i];
}
}
public void setStudent (String n, double [ ] t)
{ name =n;
for(int i=0; i< test.length; i++)
ATTRIBUTE
{ AS ARRAY IN CLASS DEFINITION
test[i] = t[i];
}
}
public String getName( ) {return name;}
public double [ ] getTest( ) {return test;}
public String toString()
{
String display =“ ";
for(int i=0; i< test.length; i++)
{
display = display + "\nTest"+(i+1)+ ": "+test[i];
}
return "Name is "+ name + "\nTest Marks are : " + display;
}
}
public static void main (String args[])
{
String name;
double [ ] test = new double[2];
Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in);
System.out.println("Enter name: ");
name = sc.nextLine();

System.out.println("\n\n<<Full Mark is 100>>");

for(int j=0; j<test.length; j++)
{
System.out.println("Enter Test: " + (j+1));
test[j] = input.nextDouble();
}
Student2 s = new Student2( );
s.setStudent2(name, test);
System.out.println("All information");
System.out.println(s.toString());
System.out.println("***************\n");
}
OUTPUT OF ATTRIBUTE AS ARRAY
public static void main (String args[ ])
{
String name;
double [ ] test = new double[2];
Student s [ ] = new Student [2];

Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);

for(int i =0; i<s.length; i++)
{
System.out.println("******* Student "+(i+1)+" *******");
System.out.println("Enter name");
name = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("\n<<Full Mark is 100>>");

for(int j=0; j<test.length; j++)

{
System.out.println("Enter Test " + (j+1));
test[j] = input.nextDouble();
}
s [i] = new Student();
s [i].setStudent(name, test);
}
ARRAY IN ATTRIBUTES AND OBJECT

System.out.println("*********All information***********");
for(int h=0; h<s.length; h++)
{
System.out.println("Student "+(h+1)+":\n"+ s[h].toString( ) +"\n");
}

System.out.println("********************** **********\n");
}
ARRAY OF OBJECTS - EXAMPLE
COMPOSITE OBJECTS

❖ Another way to relate two classes.

❖ Are often referred to as having a "has a" relationship
❖ Example: every person has a date of birth.
❖ Object composition is a way to combine simple objects or data types into more
complex ones.
❖ A real-world example of composition may be seen in an automobile: the objects
wheel, steering wheel, seat, gearbox and engine may have no functionality by
themselves, but an object called automobile containing all of those objects would
serve a higher function
COMPOSITE OBJECTS

❖ For example, a university owns various departments (e.g., chemistry), and each
department has a number of professors.
❖ If the university closes, the departments will no longer exist, but the professors
in those departments will continue to exist.
❖ Therefore, a University can be seen as a composition of departments, whereas
departments have an aggregation of professors. In addition, a Professor could
work in more than one department, but a department could not be part of
more than one university.
COMPOSITE OBJECTS - EXAMPLE
APPLICATION – SIMPLE SORTING AND SEARCHING ALGORITHM

❖ The most common operation that we use on array of objects is

searching.
❖ We can search for:
❑ Object with highest/lowest value for any attribute/data
members.
❑ Object with specific value for any attribute/data members.
APPLICATION – EXAMPLE (CLASS STUDENT)
APPLICATION – EXAMPLE (MAIN PROGRAM)
APPLICATION – EXAMPLE (FINDING STUDENT WITH HIGHEST
SCORE)

• You can search student with

minimum score just by switching
‘>’ with ‘<‘ inside if
APPLICATION – EXAMPLE (FINDING STUDENT WITH SPECIFIC
NAME)
PERSON ARRAY PROCESSING – SAMPLE 1
String name, inpStr;
int age;
char gender; Create Person objects and
int size = 30; //size can request from user set up the person array
Person person [] = new Person [size];

for (int i = 0; i < person.length; i++)

{
System.out.println(“Enter a name: “); //read in data values
name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println(“Enter an age: “);
age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(“Enter a gender: “);
gender = sc.next().charAt(0);

person [i] = new Person( );

person [i].setName (name);

person [i].setAge (age);
person [i].setGender(gender);
}
PERSON ARRAY PROCESSING – SAMPLE 2

int minIdx = 0; //index to the youngest person Find the youngest

int maxIdx = 0; //index to the oldest person and oldest person

for (int i = 1; i < person.length; i++) {

if ( person[i].getAge() < person[minIdx].getAge() ) {

minIdx = i; //found a younger person

} else if ( person[i].getAge() > person[maxIdx].getAge() ) {

maxIdx = i; //found an older person

}
}

//person[minIdx] is the youngest and person[maxIdx] is the oldest

PERSON ARRAY PROCESSING – SAMPLE 3
boolean found = false; Searching for
int loc=0; particular person
for (int i = 0; i < person.length; i++)
{ if(person[i].getName().equalsIgnorecase("Latte") )
{ found = true;
loc =i;
}
}
if ( found == true)
{ //found - successful search
System.out.println("Found Ms. Latte at position " + loc);}
else {
//not found - unsuccessful search
System.out.println("Ms. Latte was not in the array");
}