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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

QUARTER 1 – LESSON 4
Solutions

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UNIT 1

SOLUTIONS

This modules demonstrate your understanding of the Phases of matter

that’s includes the kinetic molecular model and intermolecular forces of attraction

of matter, matter in the liquid phase, matter in the solid phase, phase change.

This module will help you to explore the key concept on topics and

immersed you in various activities that will help you to answers the questions

pertaining to the lesson 4.

 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
Alternative Delivery Mode UNIT 1-LESSON 4
SOLUTIONS
First Edition, 2021

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Published by School Teaching Staff S.Y. 2020-2021

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 LESSON 4

MIXTURES

Learning Competencies

Use different ways of expressing concentration of solutions: percent by mass, mole fraction,

molarity, molality, percent by volume, and percent by mass, ppm

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module the learners must be able to:

a. Describe the different types of solution

b. describe the importance of solution in our lives

c. identify the different types of solution

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of

two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another

substance, known as a solvent. The mixing process of a solution happens at a scale

where the effects of chemical polarity are involved, resulting in interactions that are

specific to solvation. The solution usually has the state of the solvent when the solvent is

the larger fraction of the mixture, as is commonly the case. One important parameter of

a solution is the concentration, which is a measure of the amount of solute in a given

amount of solution or solvent. The term "aqueous solution" is used when one of the

solvents is water.
 WHAT I KNOW

True or False
DIRECTIONS. Write TRUE on the blank if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement
is wrong.

TRUE 1. In terms of state, matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture.

FALSE 2. In a mixture, a substance that is dispersed in another substance is called the
dispersed medium.

TRUE 3. A metalloids exhibits some properties of metals and nonmetals.

FALSE 4. Metals are said to be ductile because they have the ability to be hammered into
thin sheets without breaking or cracking.

TRUE 5. Nonmetals are good insulator of heat and electricity.

TRUE 6. Compounds are substance composed of two or more kinds of atoms that are
chemically bonded together in fixed proportions.

TRUE 7. Hydrochloric acid is a kind used as condiments.

FALSE 8. In an aqueous solution, the base is responsible for donating H+ ions.

TRUE 9. A heterogeneous mixture is a type of solution.

FALSE 10. The particles in suspension are bigger than the particles of colloids.
 WHAT’S IN
DIRECTIONS. Find all the hidden words.
S O N A C I D F G B
 ACID
O O P H S C A L E U  BUFFER
L I Q I I D F E G F
I S D D S D W E H F  BASE
 WATER
D S D E G A A Z D E
 PH SCALE
Q R G D L S T I T R
S F H S F S E N I A
F G R A H K R G D A
B A S E I N G D A L

WHAT’S NEW

Did you know?

Lightning strikes produce

Ozone, hence the
characteristic smell after

Ozone, the triple oxygen molecule

that acts as a protective stratospheric

blanket against ultraviolet rays, is

created in nature by lightning. When it

strikes, the lightning cracks oxygen

molecules in the atmosphere into

radicals which reform into ozone. The

smell of ozone is very sharp, often

described as similar to that of chlorine.

This is why you get that “clean” smell

sensation after a thunderstorm.

 WHAT IS IT!

MIXTURE
Mixture are made up of two or more components. Mixture can be either
homogeneous or heterogeneous. A mixture in which only one phase is visible is said to
be a homogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture having components with different sizes
and shapes and contain of two or more visible phases is said to be a heterogeneous
mixture. Solutions are homogeneous mixture which are composed of a solute and a
solvent. The solute is the substance that is present in a small amounts, and the solvent
is the bulk or a medium in which the solute is dissolved, mixed, or dispersed. When two
liquids are mixed in a solution, the liquid present in the smaller amount is the solute.

The following are some examples of solutions:

 Air – mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and other trace gases

 Seawater – mixture of Na+, Cl-, and the other ions in water
 Jewelry – mixture of gold, copper and silver

Solutions that use water as the solvent are considered aqueous solution.
Aqueous solution can be classified as electrolytes or non-electrolytes, depending on the
presence of ion in the solutions. Those can conduct electricity are considered as
electrolytes. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is an example of electrolyte.

Nonelectrolytes, on the other hand, are solutions that do not conduct electricity.
Examples of nonelectrolyte solution include aqueous solutions of glucose or isopropyl
alcohol (also known as rubbing alcohol).

Solutions can also be subdivided depending on the phase of the solute, the
solvent, or the resulting solution. Table 4.1. Gives the various types of solutions
depending on the phase of components and their corresponding examples.
 Table 4.1. Types of solution according to their phases
Solute Solvent Solution Example(s)
Solid Solid Solid Jewelry, steel, brass
Solid Liquid Liquid seawater
Liquid Liquid Liquid Gin, alcohol
Gas Solid Solid Hydrogen in platinum
Gas Liquid Liquid Carbonated drinks
Gas Gas Gas Air

COMMON SOLUTIONS
There are several solutions that have become part of our lives because of their
uses. Here are some of them.

 Food and drinks such as fruit juices, concentrate purees, coffee or chocolate drinks,
soda, sparkling water, peanut butter and cheese spreads.
 Personal effects such as jewelries
 Construction materials such as steel and galvanized iron sheets (iron sheets passivated
or coated with zinc)
 Cleaning materials such as dishwashing liquids, detergent, liquid hand soaps, shampoo,
conditioners, bleaches (active ingredient is hypochlorite), muriatic acid (50% hydrochloric acid
solution)
 Disinfectants such as 70% isopropyl alcohol and hand sanitizers.

ASSESSMENT

A. Consider the school organization or any group you are affiliated with. Would you

consider your group as homogeneous? Why do you say so? How do you feel about being part

of your group?
 B. Identification
DIRECTIONS. Identify each mixture as either homogenous or heterogeneous.

Heterogeneous 1. Orange juice

Heterogeneous 2. Smoke

Heterogeneous 3. Paint

Heterogeneous 4. Soda

Homogenous 5. Steel

Heterogeneous 6. Whipped cream

Homogeneous 7. Diluted alcohol

Homogeneous 8. Seawater

Heterogeneous 9. Vegetable salad

Heterogeneous 10. Soapy water

 REFERENCE

Apocada, Dahlia Del Castillio (2017) General Chemistry 2. Makati, Philippines: DIWA

Learning System, INC

https://www.sita-process.com/information-service/process-parameter-surface-

tension/overview/