Build your own chatbot

using Python

Anirudh Rao
Great Learning

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Session Takeaways
Build your own chatbot using Python

● Introduction to chatbots
● Types of chatbots
● Top applications of chatbots
● Architecture of chatbots
● How does a chatbot work?
● Practical demonstration in Python

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Did you know?
Python is the world’s most popular programming language!

● Popular streaming services make use of Python extensively.

● The name Python is derived from a TV show.

● Very popular for Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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Introduction to Chatbots

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Introduction to Chatbots
What are chatbots?

● Chatbots are simulations which can understand human language, process it

and interact back with humans while performing specific tasks.

● The first chatbot was created by Joseph Wiesenbaum in 1966, named Eliza.

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Introduction to Chatbots
History of chatbots

“ Can machines think like humans? ”

- Alan Turing

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Introduction to Chatbots
History of chatbots

Eliza – 1966
Parry – 1972
A.L.I.C.E – 1995
Smarter Child – 2001
SIRI – 2010
Google Now – 2012
Alexa - 2015
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Types of Chatbots

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Types of Chatbots
Important types:

Text-based chatbots Voice-based chatbots

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Types of Chatbots
Chatbots are designed using these approaches:

Rule-based Chatbot: Bot answers questions based on some rules on which

it is trained on. The rules defined can be very simple to very complex.

Self-learning Chatbot: Bot that learns how to communicate using the result
of a machine learning model to learn and assess current situation.

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 Top applications
of chatbots

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Top applications of chatbots
Hundreds of applications today

Helpdesk assistant Email distributor Home assistant

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Top applications of chatbots
Hundreds of applications today

Operations assistant Phone assistant Entertainment assistant

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 Architecture
of chatbots

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Architecture of chatbots
A typical chatbot architecture should consist of:

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How does a chatbot work?

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How does a chatbot work?
Very important steps:

1. Import corpus
2. Preprocess the data
3. Text case handling
4. Tokenization
5. Stemming
6. Bag of Words (BOW)
7. One hot encoding
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How does a chatbot work?
Corpus:

● Corpus is the training data needed for the chatbot to learn.

● Without a corpus, it is impossible for a chatbot to learn and reply

something useful back to the user.

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How does a chatbot work?
Data preprocessing - text case handling:

● Convert all the data coming as an input to either upper or lower case.

● This will avoid misrepresentation and misinterpretation of words if

spelt under lower or upper cases.

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How does a chatbot work?
Tokenization:

Tokenization is the structured process of converting

a sentence into individual collection of words.

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How does a chatbot work?
Stemming:

Stemming is a process of finding similarities

between words with the same root words.

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How does a chatbot work?
Generating Bag Of Words (BOW):

Process of converting words into numbers by generating

vector embeddings from the tokens generated.
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How does a chatbot work?
One hot encoding:

One hot encoding is a process by which categorical variables

are converted into a form that ML algorithms use.
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Practical demonstration
using Python

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