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Energy

Work is a scalar quantity equal to the product of the applied force and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. Positive work is done when force and displacement are in the same direction, while negative work is done when they are in opposite directions. Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy, which depends on an object's position or configuration, and kinetic energy, which depends on its motion. For example, the mechanical energy of an airplane can be calculated as the sum of its gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy based on its mass, altitude, and velocity.

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48 views1 page

Energy

Work is a scalar quantity equal to the product of the applied force and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. Positive work is done when force and displacement are in the same direction, while negative work is done when they are in opposite directions. Mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy, which depends on an object's position or configuration, and kinetic energy, which depends on its motion. For example, the mechanical energy of an airplane can be calculated as the sum of its gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy based on its mass, altitude, and velocity.

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Jason James Sales
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Energy – is the capacity to do work Ex: Given

Work – in physics differs considerable from that its everyday F = 450 N


use.
X = 0.09 m
Work is a scalar quantity and can also be positive or negative F
K=
X
Works is a scalar quantity and can also be positive or negative 450 N
K=
0.09
Positive-Work is positive if the force or its component doing
= 5.10 3
m x 10 N/m
the work is applied in the same direction as the displacement.
Sample Problem: A 5.5 x 10 kg airplane is flying at 85 m/s at
Negative- If the force or its component doing the work is in
an altitude of 1.2 x 10 m. Find the airplane's (a) potential
the opposite direction as the displacement.
energy. (b) kinetic energy, and (c) mechanical energy.
A force doing negative work opposes motion a force doing.
positive work aids it.
Given:
1 joule = 1 newton-meter- si unit of Work
1 erg = 1 dyne centimeter M-5.5 x 104 kg
1 Joule 107 ergs V 85 m/s
H=1.2x103 m
If F and D are parallel to each other: W = Fd not W = Fd cos θ

Ex. Given (they are not parallel) Ex. Given (They are Parallel) A.
F = 45.0 N at 25 ° with horizontal F= 45.0 N PE = mgh
= (5.5x10 4 kg) (9.8m/s) (1.2x103 m)
D = 5.35 m D = 5.35 m
= 6.47 x 109 J ≅ 6.5 x 109 J
Solution: Solution:

W = Fd cos θ W = Fd
B.
W = (45.0 N)(5.35m)(cos 25 °) W = (45.0 N)(5.35m) 1
KE = mv2
2
W = 218 J W = 240 J

% of energy used =0.50 (5.5x 104 kg) (85 m/s)2


=1.99x108 ≅ 2.0 x 108 j
218
X 100
1120x103J + 685x103J
C.
Potential Energy – energy due to position or configuration is
ME = PE+KE
termed as potential energy (PE)
= 6.47 x 109 J +1.99x109 J
Kinetic Energy – Due to motion is called Kinetic Energy (KE) = 6.669 x 109 J ≅ 6.7 x 109J

Mechanical Energy – The sum of the potential and Kinetic Conservative force – has an associated potential energy.
energy us called mechanical energy (ME)
Nonconservative force or unconservative force or dissipative
ME = PE + KE force – The opposite of conservative force is Nonconservative
force or unconservative force or dissipative force.
Gravitational Potential Energy – The potential energy of a
body due to its position is referred to as Gravitational
Potential Energy.

PE = mgh

Where m is mass of the body, g is the acceleration due to


gravity, and h is height

Elastic Potential Energy – And is due to the configuration of


springs or rubber band
1
PE = 2 kx
2

Where k is the force constant of the spring/rubber and x is


the elongation or compression of the spring or rubber.

Force constant – is the force needed to produce a unit


elongation or compression of a spring or rubber.
F
K= x

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