2 Port Network
2 Port Network
2 Port Network
4 Transmission parameters
I 1 a 21V2 a 22 I 2 (7.36)
where
V2 and I 2 are independent variables and
V1 and I 1 are dependent variables.
(7.37)
I 1 a 21 a 22 I 2
The transmission parameters can be found as
V1
a11 I 2 0 (7.38)
V2
V1
a12 V2 0 (7.39)
I2
I1
a 21 I2 0 (7.40)
V2
I1
a 22 V2 0 (7.41)
I2
Z1
I1 I2
+ +
V1 V2
- -
Solution
By inspection,
I1 I 2 (7.42)
Using KVL,
V1 V2 Z1 I 1 (7.43)
V1 V2 Z1 I 2 (7.44)
a11 1 a12 Z1
(7.45)
a 21 0 a 22 1
Find the transmission parameters for the network shown in Figure 7.7.
I1 I2
+
+
V1 V2
Y2
- -
Solution
By inspection,
V1 V2 (7.46)
I 1 V2 Y2 I 2 (7.47)
Comparing Equations (7.46) and 7.47) to equations (7.35) and (7.36) we have
a11 1 a12 0
(7.48)
a 21 Y2 a 22 1
Using the describing equations, the equivalent circuits of the various two-port
network representations can be drawn. These are shown in Figure 7.8.
Z11 Z 22
I1 2
+ +
V1 V2
Z12 I1 Z21 I1
- -
(a)
V1 Y12 V2 Y21 V1 V2
Y11 V1 Y22 V2
- -
(b)
I1 I2
+ +
- -
(c )
+ +
+ V1' [Z]1 V 2' +
- -
V1 V2
-
+ + -
- V '' V ''
1
- [Z]2 - 2
I1'' I2''
[Y] 2
I1 Ix I2
+ + +
V1 [A]1 Vx [A]2 V2
- - -
Z eq Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 ... Z n (7.49)
Y eq Y 1 Y 2 Y 3 ...Y n (7.50)
When several two-port networks are connected in cascade, and the individual
networks have transmission parameters A1 , A 2 , A 3 , ..., A n , then the
equivalent two-port parameter will have a transmission parameter given as
Example 7.7
Find the equivalent y-parameters for the bridge T-network shown in Figure
7.10.
Z4
Z1 Z2
I1 I2
+ +
V1 Z3 V2
- -
Solution
I1 I2
+ Z1 Z2
+
V1 Z3
V2
_ -
N2
Z Z3 Z3
Z 1
Z3 Z 2 Z3
We can convert the z-parameters to y-parameters [refs. 4 and 6] and we get
Z 2 Z3
y11
Z1 Z 2 Z1Z3 Z 2 Z 3
Z3
y
12
ZZ ZZ Z Z
1 2 1 3 2 3
(7.52)
Z3
y 21
Z1 Z 2 Z1Z3 Z 2 Z 3
Z1 Z 3
y22
Z1 Z 2 Z1 Z3 Z 2 Z 3
a11 1 a12 Z 4
a21 0 a 22 1
1
y11
Z4
1
y12
Z4
(7.53)
1
y21
Z4
1
y 22
Z4
1 Z 2 Z3
y11eq
Z 4 Z1 Z 2 Z1 Z3 Z 2 Z3
1 Z3
y12 eq
Z ZZ ZZ Z Z
4 1 2 1 3 2 3
(7.54)
1 Z
y 21eq 3
Z4 Z1Z 2 Z1Z3 Z 2 Z3
1 Z1 Z3
y 22 eq
Z 4 Z1Z 2 Z1Z3 Z 2 Z3
Example 7.8
Z1
Y2
Z1
Y2
N1 N2
a11 1 a12 Z1
a 21 0 a 22 1
a11 1 a12 0
a 21 Y2 a 22 1
(7.55)
a 21 a 22 eq 0 1 Y2 1 Y2 1
Find the transmission parameters for the cascaded system shown in Figure
7.14. The resistance values are in Ohms.
I1 2 4 8 16 I2
+ +
V1 V2
1 2 4 8
- _
N1 N2 N3 N4
Solution
Figure 7.14 can be considered as four networks, N1, N2, N3, and N4 con-
nected in cascade. From Example 7.8, the transmission parameters of Figure
7.12 are
3 2
a N 1
1 1
3 4
a N 2
0 5 1
.
3 8
a N 3
0.25 1
3 16
a N 4
0.125 1
The transmission parameters of Figure 7.14 can be obtained using the follow-
ing MATLAB program.
diary ex7_9.dat
% Transmission parameters of cascaded network
a1 = [3 2; 1 1]; a2
= [3 4; 0.5 1]; a3
= [3 8; 0.25 1];
a4 = [3 16; 0.125 1];
a=
112.2500 630.0000
39.3750 221.0000
Zin
Zg
I1 I 2
+
+
Vg V2 ZL
V1
- -
In the Figure 7.15, Vg and Z g are the source generator voltage and imped-
ance, respectively. Z L is the load impedance. If we use z-parameter repre-
sentation for the two-port network, the voltage transfer function can be shown
to be
z z
Z in z11 12 21 (7.57)
z 22 Z L
I2 z 21
(7.58)
I1 z 22 Z L
I1
I 2
+
+ +
Ig Yg [Y] V2 ZL
Vg V1
- - -
y12 y 21
Y y (7.59)
in 11
y 22 YL
I2 y 21YL
(7.60)
Ig ( y11 Yg )( y 22 YL ) y12 y 21
V2 y21
(7.61)
Vg y 22 YL
Zin
Zg
I1 I2
+
+
[A]
Vg V2 ZL
V1
- -
The voltage transfer function and the input impedance of the transmission pa-
rameters can be obtained as follows. From the transmission parameters, we
have
I 1 a 21V2 a 22 I 2 (7.63)
V2 I 2 Z L (7.64)
Substituting Equation (7.64) into Equations (7.62) and (7.63), we get the input
impedance,
a11 Z L a12
Zin (7.65)
a 21 Z L a 22
V1 V g I 1 Z g (7.66)
Substituting Equations (7.64) and (7.66) into Equations (7.62) and (7.63), we
have
a12
Vg I 1 Z g V2 [a11 ] (7.67)
Z
L
a22
I 1 V2 [a 21 ] (7.68)
ZL
a 22 a
Vg V2 Z g [a 21 ] V2 [a11 12 ] (7.69)
Z Z
L L
V2 ZL
(7.70)
Vg (a11 a 21 Z g )Z L a12 a 22 Z g
The following examples illustrate the use of MATLAB for solving terminated
two-port network problems.
Example 7.10
I3 R3
I1 2 kilohms
2 kilohms I2
R2 1 kilohms
R4 +
R1
+
V2
1
V1 C = 0.1 microfarads
sC
- -
Solution
Using KVL,
I1
V RI (7.71)
1 1 1
sC
V2 R4 I 2 R3 I 3 R2 I 3 (7.72)
I1
R2 I 3 (7.73)
sC
R R3 I 1
V2 R4 I 2
2
(7.74)
sCR2
Comparing Equations (7.71) and (7.74) to Equations (7.1) and (7.2), we have
z 22 R4
From Equation (7.56), we get the voltage gain for a terminated two-port net-
work. It is repeated here.
V2 z 21 Z L
Vg (z11 Z g )(z 22 Z L ) z12 z 21
R3
(1 )Z L
V R
2 2
(7.76)
Vg ( R4 Z L )[1 sC( R1 Z g )]
V2 2
4 (7.77)
Vg [1 1.05 *10 s]
%
num = [2];
den = [1.05e-4 1];
w = logspace(1,5);
h = freqs(num,den,w);
f = w/(2*pi);
mag = 20*log10(abs(h)); % magnitude in dB
semilogx(f,mag)
title('Lowpass Filter Response')
xlabel('Frequency, Hz')
SELECTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
© Eng Giddy