INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 27509

Second edition
2020-12

Petroleum and natural gas

industries — Compact flanged
connections with IX seal ring
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Raccordements à brides
compactes avec bague d'étanchéité IX

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Reference number
ISO 27509:2020(E)

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ISO 27509:2020(E)


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Contents Page

Foreword...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... vii
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Abbreviations and symbols........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.1 Abbreviated terms................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 Symbols.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Design............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
5.2 Design principles.................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Assembly requirements................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.4 Standard components........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.5 Units of measurements..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Rounding....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.7 Conformance with piping design codes............................................................................................................................. 9
5.8 Conformance with this document........................................................................................................................................ 10
6 Designation..............................................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.1
6.2
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Designation of flanges..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Designation of seal rings.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
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7 Materials..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.2 Flange materials..................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 27509:2020 11
7.3 Bolting materials................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
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7.4 c645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
Seal ring materials............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
8 Strength, pressure/temperature ratings and leak tightness...............................................................................13
8.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
8.2 Pressure/temperature ratings................................................................................................................................................ 13
8.3 Pressure testing and leak tightness.................................................................................................................................... 14
9 Dimensions of flanges...................................................................................................................................................................................14
9.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
9.2 Weld neck dimensions.................................................................................................................................................................... 15
9.3 Blind flange (BL) dimensions................................................................................................................................................... 23
9.4 Integral flange (IF) dimensions.............................................................................................................................................. 26
9.5 Rigid interface dimensions......................................................................................................................................................... 37
9.6 Dimensions of paddle blanks (PB) and paddle spacers (PS)........................................................................ 39
9.7 Handle and lifting lugs.................................................................................................................................................................... 41
9.8 Dimensions of orifice spacers (OS)..................................................................................................................................... 42
9.9 Dimensions of reducing threaded flanges .................................................................................................................... 44
9.10 Auxiliary connections...................................................................................................................................................................... 45
9.11 Flange tolerances................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
9.12 Surface finish.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
10 Marking of flanges............................................................................................................................................................................................48
10.1 Flanges other than integral flanges..................................................................................................................................... 48
10.2 Manufacturer's name or trademark................................................................................................................................... 48
10.3 Nominal size............................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
10.4 Pressure class designation.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
10.5 Pipe dimensions................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
10.6 Material identification.................................................................................................................................................................... 48
10.7 Identification of internally threaded flanges.............................................................................................................. 49

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10.8 Material traceability......................................................................................................................................................................... 49

10.9 Marking examples.............................................................................................................................................................................. 49
10.10 Stamping..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
11 Dimensions of seal rings............................................................................................................................................................................49
12 Manufacture, testing and inspection of IX seal rings....................................................................................................53
13 Coating and colour coding........................................................................................................................................................................53
14 Marking of seal rings......................................................................................................................................................................................54
15 Quality management systems...............................................................................................................................................................54
16 Bolt dimensions and masses..................................................................................................................................................................54
Annex A (normative) Pressure temperature ratings and load capacity........................................................................55
Annex B (normative) Integral flange angle selection........................................................................................................................59
Annex C (normative) Bolt dimensions and masses.............................................................................................................................70
Annex D (normative) Handling, installation, assembly and repair of flanges........................................................77
Annex E (informative) Mass of flanges..............................................................................................................................................................90
Annex F (informative) Metric bolting............................................................................................................................................................ 100
Annex G (informative) Additional information on bibliographical references................................................. 102
Bibliography.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www​.iso​.org/​directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www​.iso​.org/​patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www​.iso​.org/​
iso/​foreword​.html. (standards.iteh.ai)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum, petrochemical ISO and27509:2020
natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing
equipment and systems, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
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Technical Committee CEN/TC 12, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum,
c645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
petrochemical and natural gas industries, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 27509:2012), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO 27509:2012/Cor.1:2013. The main changes
compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Annexes B and D (Annex E in previous edition) have become normative annexes;
— more stringent quality requirements regarding manufacture of products and assembly instructions
have been introduced. These include
a) ultrasonic testing of products in accordance with new requirements in ASME VIII div. 2 (in
Clause 7),
b) requirements to material strength and machining strictly in accordance with given tolerances
for IX seal rings (in Clause 12),
c) new and better coating requirements for IX seal rings (in Clause 13 and Annex D),
d) excluding use of IX seal rings to assist alignment by transfer of significant shear load during
assembly (in Annex D),
e) more comprehensive and detailed guidelines on the evaluation of damages to products and the
repair of such damages (in Annex D),
f) more comprehensive requirements to qualification of bolt tensioning procedures (in Annex D),
and

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ISO 27509:2020(E)


g) the elastoplastic deformation of flanges by first assembly has been better explained in 5.3
and in Annex D, in order to prevent unnecessary re-machining or rejection when flange bevel
angles have changed.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www​.iso​.org/​members​.html.

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Introduction
This document, which is originally based on NORSOK L-005, has been developed to provide an
International Standard for compact flanged connections that constitutes an alternative to conventional
flanges as specified in ASME standards, European standards and other standards, with reduced mass
and smaller overall dimensions, as well as increased reliability in leak tightness by means of its inherent
design features and make up procedures. CFCs can also provide an alternative to other types of clamp
and hub type mechanical connectors.
The use of load carrying sealing elements, traditionally referred to as "gaskets", does not conform with
the requirements of this document.
This document has been developed for use in process piping systems, which are designed in accordance
with codes for pressure piping, e.g. ASME B31.3. See 5.7 for more details.
The flange designs have been selected to achieve a minimum safety factor of 2,0 when subjected to a
design pressure equal to ASME B16.5 pressure temperature ratings within the temperature limits of
this document.
The main body of this document contains all necessary information on how to manufacture and supply
flange and seal ring materials, such as
— flange dimensions and material requirements,
— seal ring dimensions and material requirements,
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— bolting dimensions and material requirements,
—
(standards.iteh.ai)
requirements to tolerances and surface finish, and
— requirements to designation and marking ISO 27509:2020
of finished products.
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Annexes A, B, C and D cover the following topics:
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— structural capacity equations for flange assemblies;

— how to apply the flanges to special geometries of valves and equipment nozzles;
— bolt dimensions and masses;
— installation and assembly instructions, and guidelines on how to repair damage and irregularities
on sealing surfaces.
Annexes E, F and G cover the following topics:
— masses of all standard components;
— suitable dimensions of alternative metric bolting;
— additional information on bibliographical references.
In this document, the following verbal forms are used:
— "shall" indicates a requirement;
— "should" indicates a recommendation;
— "may" indicates a permission;
— "can" indicates a possibility or a capability.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27509:2020(E)

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Compact flanged

connections with IX seal ring

1 Scope
This document specifies detailed manufacturing requirements for circular steel and nickel alloy
compact flanged connections and associated seal rings, for designated pressures and temperatures
in class designations CL 150 (PN 20) to CL 1500 (PN 260) for nominal sizes from DN  15 (NPS ½) to
DN 1200 (NPS 48), and for CL 2500 (PN 420) for nominal sizes from DN 15 (NPS ½) to DN 600 (NPS 24).
NOTE NPS is expressed in accordance with ASME B36.10M and ASME B36.19M.

This document is applicable to welding neck flanges, blind flanges, paddle spacers and spacer blinds
(paddle blanks), valve/equipment integral flanges, orifice spacers, reducing threaded flanges and rigid
interfaces for use in process piping for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
This document is applicable within a temperature range from −196 °C to +250 °C.
This document is not applicable for external pressure.

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2 Normative references
(standards.iteh.ai)
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the ISOreferenced
27509:2020 document (including any amendments) applies.
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ISO 2768-1, General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual
c645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
tolerance indications
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions
and surface texture parameters
ISO  4288, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)  — Surface texture: Profile method  — Rules and
procedures for the assessment of surface texture
ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-
section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements
ISO 5167-2:2003, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular
cross-section conduits running full — Part 2: Orifice plates
ISO 14313, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Pipeline transportation systems — Pipeline valves
ISO 80000-1:2009, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
EN 1591-4, Flanges and their joints — Part 4: Qualification of personnel competency in the assembly of the
bolted connections of critical service pressurized systems
EN 1779, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Criteria for method and technique selection
ASME B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard
ASME B16.34, Valves — Flanged, Threaded and Welding End
ASME B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
ASME B31.3:2018, Process Piping

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ASTM B568, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry
ASTM B571, Standard Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings
ASME VIII Div. 2: Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code — Alternative Rules

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://​w ww​.iso​.org/​obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://​w ww​.electropedia​.org/​
3.1
class
CL
pressure class in accordance with specific values
Note 1 to entry: The values shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.34

3.2
compact flanged connection
CFL
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non-gasketed bolted static pipe connection including two flanges and where the bolt loads are
transferred through metal to metal contact between the flange faces
(standards.iteh.ai)
3.3
gasket ISO 27509:2020
barrier to prevent the passage of fluids, but which does transmit all loads between flanges
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3.4
purchaser
individual or organization that buys the pipe connection on behalf of the user and/or operator or for
its own use
3.5
seal ring
component providing a barrier to prevent the passage of fluids, transmitting no significant loads
between the flanges
3.6
supplier
individual or organization that takes the responsibility for the supply of the pipe connection

4 Abbreviations and symbols

4.1 Abbreviated terms

BL blind flange

DN nominal pipe diameter (expressed in millimetres)

ID internal diameter

IF integral flange (as part of some other equipment or component)

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 ISO 27509:2020(E)


IX special metallic seal ring applied in this document

LB line blinds (including PS and PB)

NPS nominal pipe size (expressed in inches)

OD outer diameter

OS orifice spacer

PB paddle blank

PN nominal pressure (expressed in bar)

PS paddle spacer

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene

RI rigid interface

RT reducing threaded flange

WN weld neck

4.2 Symbols
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A outside diameter of neck
(standards.iteh.ai)
Amax maximum outer diameter to accommodate standard tools
ISO 27509:2020
Amin minimum neck outer diameter listed in Table 7 to Table 12
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AC015 cross-sectional areac645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
of the neck/pipe calculated from t 015

ACeqv cross-sectional area of a special flange neck geometry calculated from Formula (B.1)

ACb total cross-sectional area of bolting, based on root area

AT hub diameter of reducing threaded flange

a maximum allowable alignment gap between mating flanges (see Figure D.4)

aCb bolt root area

B bore diameter, where the bore should not exceed the maximum listed bore in this document

Bmax maximum listed bore diameter

Bmin minimum bore diameter for which the face angles are valid

B1 minimum bore diameter for flange to be blinded

NOTE B1 is also the start diameter for blind and reducing threaded flange face angles.

BCD bolt circle diameter

dB bolt size (nominal bolt diameter)

dn effective contact diameter of nut face (average between width of cross flats and diameter
of bolt hole)

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ISO 27509:2020(E)


dp average diameter of neck end = (A+B)/2

dt effective (mean) contact diameter of bolting threads

DA1 internal diameter of groove

DA3 outer diameter of groove

DGn seal ring seal dimension (see Figure 13)

DW1 inner recess diameter

DW2 outer recess diameter

DW3 outside diameter of flange

DW4 flange to neck fillet outer diameter

e radial distance between BCD and dp

E1 depth of groove

E2 depth of recess

FA applied axial force

FcB iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

bolt total plastic capacity (root area × number of bolts × yield strength)

Ff (standards.iteh.ai)
flange axial load capacity without effect of bolt prying

Ffp flange axial load capacity including ISO the effect of bolt prying
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FEnd end cap force calculated toc645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
seal ring seal diameter

FP required bolt preload

FR resulting force from external tension force FA and external bending moment MA

fy flange material yield strength at temperature

fyb bolt material yield strength at temperature

HGn seal ring seal dimension (see Figure 13)

HP1 thickness of PB, PS and OS

HW3 flange thickness

HW5, HT5 overall length

L bolt hole diameter

L1, L2, L3 bolt hole depths (see Figure 5 and Table 22)

l clear bolt length between engaged threads with the nuts

MA applied bending moment

n number of bolts

Pt thread pitch of bolting

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 ISO 27509:2020(E)


p internal pressure in N/mm2

R Radius

RC radius (maximum value tabulated)

R V1 neck to flange ring radius on integral flanges

T torque applied to the bolt

t pipe wall thickness

tmin minimum neck thickness that can be used which is defined by the standard pipe outer
diameter, A, and maximum listed bore diameter, Bmax.

tmax maximum neck thickness that can be used which is defined by Amax and the minimum
listed bore diameter

t015 wall thickness giving the smallest possible face angle (0,15°)

teqv equivalent wall thickness calculated from ACeqv over HW5

Wf Warping moment capacity of flange

X half major ellipse axis

Y iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

half minor ellipse axis

αA2 groove angle (standards.iteh.ai)

αB1 flange face bevel angle ISO 27509:2020

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αB2 effective face angle/rear face bevel angle
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Δ fraction of the initially applied pre-stress lost in transfer of bolt load from tension tool
to the nut

ψ flange utilization ratio

μn coefficient of friction of nut bearing surface

μt coefficient of friction of bolting threads

5 Design

5.1 General
CFCs shall:
a) be designed for face-to-face make-up for transfer of the bolt loading through the flange faces;
b) be designed so that a static mode is maintained in the bolted joint up to 1,5 times the specified
pressure/temperature rating, see 8.2. Static mode is maintained as long as the difference between
maximum and minimum nominal stress sustained by the bolts in the joint does not exceed 5 % of
the minimum values specified in Table 3;
c) be standardized to cover as a minimum the same pressure temperature class designations and
sizes as can be found in ASME B16.5 with equal or better performance;

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ISO 27509:2020(E)


d) be standardized to fit with commonly used standards by the valve industry [e.g. ASME B16.34,
ISO  14313 and EN  12516 (all parts)], and other valve standards which make reference to these
standards for pressure design;
e) conform with the applicable requirements in the piping or pressure vessel code agreed between
the supplier and the purchaser.
The weakest part of flanged connections in accordance with this document regarding fatigue failure
is always located somewhere in the transition from flange to pipe or flange to nozzle neck of an
equipment or valve. The bolted joint itself is never subjected to fatigue load if considerations to cycling
temperatures are taken when selecting bolt material, see 7.3.
Supplier specific CFCs may refer to this document when additional requirements to the minimum
requirements specified in this document are agreed between purchaser and supplier. The intension is
to allow alternative and additional designs to the products in this document without compromising any
of the listed items a), b) and e) in this subclause as well as the requirements of 8.1 and 8.3.

5.2 Design principles

Figure 1 shows the design principles of compact flanges and its seal system in accordance with this
document.
The flange face includes a slightly convex bevel with the highest point, called the heel, adjacent to the
bore and a small outer wedge around the outer diameter of the flange. The assembly is made up by
tightening/tensioning the flange bolting which pulls the two connector halves together. The bevel
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
angles have been standardized for different and relevant adjoining pipe wall thicknesses for each
welding neck flange of a given size and pressure class.
(standards.iteh.ai)
For the IX seal ring, axial forces are exerted on the taper of the metal seal ring and translated into a
radial sealing force. Furthermore, with increased ISOpre-load,
27509:2020the bevel is closed and face to face contact
is achieved at the outer wedge while most of the bolt pre-load is transferred as compressive forces
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between the flange faces at the heel, as illustrated
c645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020 arrows in the figure indicate the
in Figure 1. The
applied forces/pressure and the contact forces after make-up and during normal operation.

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a) Before assembly b) Completed assembly
(standards.iteh.ai) c) Design loads
Key
ISO 27509:2020
1 wedge 6 weld neck flange
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2 stud 7 bolt clamping force
c645c292d15e/iso-27509-2020
3 nut 8 hydrostatic end force plus external loads
4 IX seal ring 9 fluid pressure
5 heel

Figure 1 — Design principles of standard compact flange assemblies

The principle design of the flange face includes two independent seals, which are based on different
principles, a force controlled heel seal, and a displacement controlled seal provided by the seal ring.
The first seal is created by application of seal seating stress at the flange heel. However, an undamaged
flange heel might not seal at any extreme load condition, but the heel contact will be maintained for
pressure values up to 1,5 times the flange pressure rating at room temperature for any combination
of WN flange and a corresponding pipe within given limits of pipe wall thicknesses in tables of
dimensions. This requirement is only applicable when the WN thickness fulfils the code requirement
for minimum pipe wall thickness for the actual material. The main seal is the IX seal ring. The seal
ring force is provided by the elastic stored energy in the stressed seal ring. Any heel leakage will give
internal pressure acting on the seal ring inside intensifying the sealing action.
The design aims at preventing exposure to oxygen and other corrosive agents in the way that adjoining
flanges remain in contact along their outer circumference for all allowable load levels. Thus, this
prevents corrosion of the flange faces, the stressed length of the bolts and the seal ring.
The back face of the flange in the made-up position is parallel to the flange face in order to prevent
bending of the bolts in the assembled condition.

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