OBJ.

LEVEL – I
1. As angular momentum of the planet about Sun is constant, the speed is maximum when it is
nearest to the Sun i.e. at D.
Ans. (d)

2. Orbital velocity close to earth’s surface,

GM
v0   gR
R
 Escape speed, ve  2 gR
 Additional velocity imparted  (ve  v0 )  gR ( 2 1)
 0.414  9.8  6400  1000  3.3 km/s
Ans. (d)

1 1 1 1 
3. E  G   2  2  2  2  ....... 
1 2 4 8 
 1 1 1 
 G  1    .......
 4 16 64 
1 4G
G. 
1 3
1
4
Ans. (b)

4. As geostationary satellite has same time period as that of the earth. It must be placed on
equatorial plane so that force lies in the same plane as that of the plane of revolution.
4 2
Also, T 2  ( R  h) 3
GM
GM
Also,  g . and T  24 hrs.
R2
 R  h 42,000 km.
Ans. (d)

GM GM
5. [ I g ]T  
(2 R) 2 4 R 2
GM '
[ I g ]C  2 A
 3R  R
 
 2 
M R
where m ' 
8
GM  4
[ I g ]C 
8  9R 2
GM

18 R 2
From principle of superposition
[ I g ]T  [ I g ]C  [ I g ]rem
GM GM GM 1 1
 [ I g ]rem    2  9
4 R 2 18 R 2 2 R 2  
GM  1 1 
 
2 R 2  2 9 
 GM  9  2  7GM
 
2 R 2  18  36 R 2
 F1  [ I g ]T m and F2  [ I g ]rem m
F1 GM 36 R 2  9 
   
F2 4 R 2 7GM  7 
F2 7
 
F1 9

6. When radius of the earth decreases

This means I decrease, from conservation of
angular momentum.
I i i  I f  f
I 
 f   i   i , as I f  I i
 I f 
  f  i

 T f  Ti
2
1 1  Ii  2
and K f  ( I f ) 2f  I f    i
2 2  If 
1  Ii  2
   I i i
2  I f 
 K f  Ki
GM e
Also gf  , as R f  Ri
R 2f
 g f  g i which means, ever body becomes heavy.

7. From COME Y
GMm GMm 1 2 M, R
0  mv
2R R 2
m
1 2  GMm  X
 mv   
2  2R 
GM 3R 2  R 2  2R
 v Z
R

8. To escape a particle from the centre of the planet the energy needed must be equal to,
energy at infinity which is equal to zero.
Hence when the particle reaches the centre of the earth from infinitely it will have same
speed, with which it was projected.

11. From principle of superposition and symmetry

we can conclude that only option wrong is (b)
4
G  RA3
GM A 4 GRA  A
gA   3 2 A 
RA2 RA 3
4 GRB  B
 gB 
3
 g A  RA   A 1
    2 
g B  RB   B  3
2

3
Ans. (a)

12. When gravitational pull is zero, the momentum will remain conserved hence, v will remain
constant,
Hence (b)

4 G
13. As g Re  e
3
If Rnew  5Re
Then for same g at the earth surface

 new  e
5

GM e
14. v0 
Re
3Re
when r 
2
2GM e 2
v  v0
3Re 3

15. Gravitation field for uniform solid sphere,

GM
g inside  r rR
R3
GM
g outside  2 rR
r
 SOLUTION OBJ. LEVEL - II
1. From C.O.M.E.
1 1 Gm1m2
O m1v12  m2 v22  …(i)
2 2 d
and from C.O.L.M.
m1v1  m2 v2 …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
2G (m1  m2 )
v1  v2 
d

GM e m GM e m
2. Ei   and Ef  
2(3R ) 2(4 R )
GM e m  1 1 
 E   (E  E f  Ei )
2 R  3 4 
GM e m  1  gR 2 m mgR
  
2 R 12  2 R  12 24
103  10  6.4  10 6 64
  109   2.614  109 J
24 24

GM e GM m
3. ge  , gm 
Re2 Rm2
2
gm m R2  M   R 
  m 2 e2   m   e 
g e Rme Rm  me   Rm 
2
 1  12742 
 gm      g e  3.48 m/s2
 10   6760 

GMm mv 2
4. 5

r 2 r
GMr GM
 v2  5  3
r 2 r 2
GM
 v 3
r 2

 2 r 
T 
 
2 r r
3
2


 v  GM
7
2 2
T  r

5. As we know that
g '  g  Re 2 cos 2 
at   60, g '  0
g
 
Re cos2 
Re cos 2  Re Re
 T  2  2 
g 4g g
 
6.  g.ds  4 Gm
2 | g | S  4 G S
 4 G 
| g |  2 G 
2

7. From C.O.M.E.
1 GMm GMm
m( kve ) 2   0
2 R ( R  h)
1 2GM GM GM
K2  
2 R R Rh
( K 2  1) 1

R Rh
( R  h )( K 2  1)   R
R RK 2
h 2
R
1 K 1 K 2
Ans. (d)

h L h L
m. dx  1
8. F   dF   G 2
 G.m.   
h x  x h
GmM  1 1
 .  
L  h  L h 
GmM
F
h (h  L )
Ans. (c)

9. In the first case

  2 Re 
W  mg 1  
 g 
2
  v  
 W '  mg 2  m  g  Re     
  Re  
 v 
 m  g   2 Re  2 Re  
 Re 
m  g   2 Re  2v. 
 W  2 m.v
 2v .m 
W '  W 1 
 w 

10. when r  R, F ( r )  0
Gm.M
and r  R, F (r ) 
r2
Ans. (a)

GMm
11. when r  R U (r )  
R
GmM
 rR U (r )  
r
Ans. (c)
12. Potential due to solid sphere of mass 2M and radius R at its center is
3 G 2M 3GM
 
2 R R
From symmetry and principle of superposition, potential due to hemisphere of mass M at its
center is
3GM 1 3GM
VC    
R 2 2R
 W  m V(  )  VC 
3GMm

2R
Ans. (c)

GMm 1
13. Total mechanical energy E    m(V )2
R 2
GMm 1
  mV 2
R 2
 GM V 2 
 m   
 R 2 
2GM
As V  Ve 
R
V 2 GM
 
2 R
 Total mechanical energy is –ve
Ans. (b)

 M
GM . .dxL
14. F   2dF cos  2  3  L
0 ( L2  x 2 ) 2

 x 
dx
 2GM   3
0 ( L2  x 2 ) 2

2MG

L
Ans. (c)

dV
15. As   E cos
dr
As field is zero, potential must be constant.
Ans. (c)
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - I(C.B.S.E.)
1. Tsat  29.5 Tearth
rse  1.5  108 km = average Sun – Earth distance
rss  ?
Since, for a plane revolving round the sun
4 2
TP2  rsp3
GM sun
Tsat 2 rss2
 2
 3
TEarth rse
2
3
 T 
 rss  rse  sat 
 TEarth 
2
 rss  1.5  108  (29.5) 3

 rss  1.43  109 km.

gR 2
2. gh 
( R  h )2
at hR
2
gR 2
gh  2
 R
R 
 2
4
 gh  g
9
4 4
 mg h  (mg )   63  28 N.
9 9

 d
3. g d  g 1  
 R
 1 1  R
mg d  mg 1    250   125 N  d  
 2  2  2

4. By law of conservation of energy

(U  K ) surface  (U  K ) at height h
GMm 1 2 GMm
   mu   0 ( at max. height v  0)
R 2 Rh

1 1 
u 2  2GM   
R Rh
 GM  Rh 
u 2  2  2  
 R  R  h 
2ghR
u2 
Rh
Ru  hu 2  2 ghR
2

 Ru 2 (2 gh  u 2 ) h
u2 R
 h
2 gR  u 2
 Put values and get (measure from centre)
r  R  h  8  106 m.

5. u  3ve
(U  K )surface  (U  K )at infinity
GMm 1 2 1
  mu  0  mv 2
R 2 2
GMm 9 1 2
  m  3ve   mv
R 2 2
GMm 9  2GM  1 2
  m   mv
R 2  R  2
GMm 9GMm 1 2
   mv
R R 2
8GMm 1 2
  mv
R 2
2GM
 v  8.
R
 v  2 2ve  2 2 11.2 RMS-1
 v  31.7 Km s-1

GMm
6. Ei = Total energy in the orbit = –
2r
where r = R + h
Ef  0
GMm 6.67 10 11  200  6 1024
 W  E f  Ei  
2( R  h ) 2(6400  40)  103
 W  5.8  109 J

 GM rR
 r2 (out side & at the surface)
7. I 
 4  rR
   G  r
 3  (inside)
So,
I1 r22
(a) 
I 2 r12
I1 r1
(b) 
I 2 r2

GM
8. V 
r
6.67  1011  6  1024
V 
42400  103
40.04 1013
V 
424  105
4002  1013
V 
424  107
V  9.44  10 6 J kg -1 .

9. h = 600 km
  r  R  h  7000 km
GMm 6.67  1011  300  6  1024
(a) K .E .  
2r 2(7000)  103
 K .E.  8.57 109 J

(b) Potential energy  2( K .E.)  17.14  109 J

(c) Total energy   K .E .  8.57 109 J .

10. (a) dW  V ( dm)

GM
 dW   dm
R
M’ x
GM
 W   dW    m dm
R0
GM 2 Fdx
 W 
2R

(b) Let the solid sphere be assumed to be made up of a number of concentric shells. At any
instant let the sphere of mass M’ and radius x be formed. To deposit another shell of radius x and
thickness dx let dW be the work done, then
dW  V (dm)
 GM '  2
dW     (4 x dx) 
 x 
(where  be the density of the sphere)
4 
G   x3  
3
 dW      (4 x 2 dx )  
 
x
16 2  2 G 4
 dW   x dx
3
16 2  2G R 4
 W   dW   0 x dx
3
2
   
16 2G  M   R 5   M 
 W         4 
3  4  R2   5    R3 
3   3 
2
3  GM 
 W   
5 R 
This energy is also called the gravitational self energy.
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - II
  G (dM )m
1. where | d F || d F | 2
( R  x2 ) 
dF
where dM   dl ,  is linear mass density m
 x
dF
Fnet   | d F | cos

G (dM )mx Gmx
  dM
(R 2  x2 ) ( R2  x2 ) 32 
2
where  dM  [( r )  2 R]
Gm( r 2 )  (2 R) x
 Fnet  3
( R2  x2 ) 2

2 2
2 Gr  mxR
 Fnet  3
(R 2  x2 ) 2
For F to be maximum
dF
0
dx
d 3
[ x  R2  x2  2 ]  0
dx
3  3  5 
 ( R 2  x 2 ) 2  x    ( R 2  x 2 ) 2 2 x   0
 2  
3x2
 1
R 2  x2
 R  x 2  3x 2
2

 2x 2  R2
R
 x
2
 
 R 
R 2 2  2 
Fmax  F x   2 Gr  mR  3 
2 2
 2 R  2 
 R  2  
  
 2 2( R ) 
 Fmax  2 2Gr 2  mR  2 
 2
3
2 
 (3R ) 
2
 Fmax  2 2Gr 2  mR
3 3R 2
4 2Gr 2  ,
 Fmax 
3 3R

2. The satellite discussed here is a geo-stationary satellite.

2
 rad s -1
86400
Also, let the satellite revolve round the earth in a circular orbit of radius r. Then
 4 2  3
T2   r
 GM e 
 4 2
 (86400) 2  r3
(6.67  10 11 )(6  10 24 )
 r  42300 km and
T 24
t   6 hr.
4 4

4 2 3
3. TP 2  r TP  Time period of revolution of a planet 
GM s
Te2 rse3
 
Tm2 rsm3
2
3
rsm  Tm 
  
rse  Te 
rsm 2
 2 3
rse

K
4. I 
r
dv
since I 
dr
dv K
  
dr r
v r
K
 v dv  r r dr
0 0

r
v  v0  K log e  
 r0 
r
 v  v0  K log e  
 r0 

5. By law of conservation of energy

r0 r0
(U  K )initially  (U  K ) finally
Gm 2 Gm 2 1  r
 0  2  mv 2 
r r0  2  Initially (stress at 10 km)
(Since initial momentum of the system is zero, so final
velocities of both the bodies having equal masses is the same
hence both have velocity v) r0 r0
 1 1
v 2  Gm   
 r0 r 
 1 1 
 v 2  6.67  10 11  2  1030   7  12 
 10 10 
6.67  1011  2  1030  1 
v2  7 1  5 
10  10 
2 11 23
 v 6.67  10  2  10
 v 2  6.67  1011  2  1023
 v  3.7  106 ms-1

GM
6. g surface 
(2 R ) 2
 4  4 4 
where M  1   R 3    2   (2 R)3   R 3 
3  3 3 
GM '
g at R  2
R
4 
M '  mass of inner sphere    R 3  1
 3 
Since g surface  g at R
M
 M'
4
 1  7  2  4 1
 3 1  7  2
1 7
 
2 3

7. By law of conservation of angular momentum

mvmax (2 R )  mvmin (4 R)
vmax  2vmin O vmin
A
v vmax 4R B
 vmin  max
2 2R
By law of conservation of mechanical energy
(U  K ) A  (U  K ) B
GM s m 1 2 GM s m 1 2
  mvmax   mvmin
2R 2 4R 2
2
GM s m 1 2 1  vmax 
 mvmax  m  
4R 2 2  4 
GM s m 1 2  1
  m vmax 1  
4R 2  4
2
8  GM s m  m vmax
   …(i)
3  4R   
where   Radius of curvature
Since,
2
m vmax GM s m
 …(ii)
 (2 R ) 2
From (i) and (ii), we get
GM s m 8GM s m

4R2 12 R 
8
  R
3

8. Let the centre of mass be at distance r1 from 2m and r2 from m.

Then
2 m r1 = m r2
r r1 CM r2
 r1  2 …(i)
2 m
2m
also r1  r2  d
r2
  r2  d
2
2d
 r2 
3
 d
 r1 
3
L1  m1r12 , L2  m2 r22
2


L1 m1 r12  2m 
 
 
d
3 1
 
L2 m2 r2  m  2d 2 2
2
  3
1 1
( RKE )1  I1 2 ; ( RKE ) 2  I 2 2
2 2
2
d
( RKE )1 I1  2m   3  1
    
( RKE ) 2 I 2  m   2 d  2
 3
which is the same as the ratio of angular momentum of both.
Also if T is the period of oscillation, then
GM (2m)
 (2 m) r1 2 ( Fcentripal  mr 2 )
d2
2
GM (2 m)  d  4
  (2 m )   2
d2 3 T
d3
 T  2
GM

G(M 1  M 2 )m
9. (i) F
a2
(ii) At r = b, the force on m due to outer shell will vanish. So,
GM1 m
F
b2
(iii) at r = c, the mass m lies inside both the shells and hence no force will be exerted on this mass due to
the shells.
 F 0

GM e
10. L  mvrsin 90 where v 
r
GM e
 Lm r
r
 L  m GM e r .
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - III
1. At any instant, let E be the total energy,
then,
GMm
E
2r
dE GMm
 
dr 2r 2
GMm
 dE  dr
2r 2
Also, rate of loss of energy
3
dE  GM  2  GM 
  Fv   v 3      v  
dt  r   r 
3
2
GMm  dt   GM 
      
2 r 2  dr   r 
m 1
 dt   r 2 dr
2 GM
R
m 1
 t r 2
dr
2 GM  R

m GM
 r (   1) (where g  )
 gR R2

GMm
2. (a) Ui  
R
GMm
Uf 
R  nR
 Increase in potential energy  U  U f  U i
GMm  1 
 U    1
R 1 n 
GMm  1  1  n 
 U   
R  1 n 
 n  GMm  n 
 U      mgR
 n 1 R  n 1
(b) By law of conservation of energy
1 2
U  mv
2
1 2  n  GMm
 mv   
2  n 1 R
 n  2GM  n 
 v      2 gR
 n 1 R  n 1

3. Let us assume that the space ship approached the moon from infinity. Then
(U  K )   (U  K ) closest approach
GMm 1 2
 00   mv
R 2
2GM
 v …(i)
R
 Since,
v  orbital velocity, so to make it orbit of the moon,
2GM GM GM
v  v  v0    ( 2  1)
R R R
GM
 v  ( 2  1)
R

4. (a) WA B  m(VB  VA ) …(i) 400kg 100kg

A B
VA  potential at A due to 400 kg + potential at B
due to 100 kg 2m 2m
G (400) G (100) 6m
 VA   …(ii)
2 8
VB  potential at B due to 100 kg + potential at B 10m
due to 400 kg
G (100) G (400)
 VB   …(iii)
2 8
300G
 VB  VA  150G 
8
 VB  VA  150G  37.5G
 VB  VA  112.5G  7.47  109 J kg-1
So, WA B  7.47 10 9 J

(b) For calculating the minimum kinetic energy, we must first

locate the position of the neutral point (N) and then the A N B
minimum kinetic energy will be to make the particle start
from A to reach N, because when it crosses N, then it will 400kg 100kg
automatically reach B. 10m
G (400) G (100)

x2 (10  x )2
10  x 1
 
x 2

 20  2x  x
20
 x m
3
(U  K ) A  (U  K ) N
G (400)(1) G (100)(1) 1 2 G (400)(1) G (100)(1)
   mvmin   
2 8 2 20 10
3 3
25 1 2
200G  G  vmin  60G  30G
4 2
1 2 25
 vmin  90G  200G  G
2 4
1 2 465
mvmin  ( KE )min  G
2 4
 ( KE ) min  7.6  109 J
5. Let O be the midpoint of two masses M1 and M2. Ml, R1 M2, R2
(U  K )O  (U  K ) O
GM 1m GM 2 m 1 2
  mvmin  0
d /2 d /2 2 d
4G ( M 1  M 2 )
 vmin 
d

6. Let the massive body explode into fragments at S P1

and then two of the fragments move in mutually v0 
perpendicular orbits around the planet such that P1 P P2 
2r 2
initially the separation between them increases
becomes maximum ( = P1 P2) and then starts S C
decreasing. So, v0
P2
Max. Separation  P1 P2  r 2  r 2  2r
Just before collision (at point C), the velocities of
the bodies will be mutually perpendicular (equal in
magnitude, v0). So,
2GM
vrel  v02  v02  2v0 
r

7. Wnc  U  K  (U 2  K 2 )  (U1  K1 )
 Wnc  Total final energy – Total Initial energy
GM e M s  GM e M s 
 Wnc   
2 Re  2R 
GM e M s  1 1 
 Ct    
2  Re R 
GM e M s  1 1 
 t   
2C  Re R 

GM v0
8. v0  …(i)
R M
By law of conservation of momentum m u 10m
mu  11mvr
R
(10m)v0  11mvt
u Before collision
 vr  …(ii)
11 vt v
10
and vt  v0 …(iii) M
11
vr
By law of conservation of angular momentum 11m
R
(10mv0 ) R  11(mvmax ) …(iv) R
2
By law of conservation of energy After collision
1 GM (11m) 1 GM (11m)
(11m)  vt2  vr2   2
 (11m)vmax  …(v)
2 R 2  
R
2
Solving equation, we get
58GM
u
R
 GM e
9. g x
Re3
x
Comparing it with
   2 x
GM e
 
Re3
2 GM e
 
T Re3
Re3
 T  2
GM e

 GM 
10. g t  3 ( r ) p
R 1
r r
 GM '  C
g cavity  3 (  r 1 )
a C l
where R is radius of bigger sphere, and a is radius of
smaller sphere,
From principle of super position
  
g t  g cavity  g rem
  
 g rem  g t  g cavity
GM  GM ' 1
 (r )  3 r
R3 a
4 3 M
where M '   a
3 4 3
R
3
3
a
M 
 R
 GM   4 
 g rem  3   r  r 1    PG ( l )
R 3
 1 
as l r r
  
 r  r 1  r
 SOLUTION SUB. IIT-JEE LEVEL
1.(i) Let the distance of the satellite from the centre of the earth be r, and let R is the radius of the
earth, then
GM  2GM  1
v0   
r  R 2
 r  2R
so height of satellite, h = 2 R – R = R = 6400 km

(ii) From C.O.M.E.

GMm GMm 1 2
  mv
r R 2
GMm GMm 1 2
   mv
R 2R 2
2
GM v

2R 2
GM
 v  7920 m/s
R

2. First we have to locate a neutral point in the line joining 16M

M
centers of the stars. Let P be the neutral point, x 2a P a
distance from the centre of the smaller planet. Then umin
GM G.16 M x
2

x (100  x )2
10a
100  x
 4
x
 x  2a
As to the right of point P, the field is towards smaller star, so for speed of the projectile at
the surface of bigger star to be minimum its Kinetic Energy at P must be zero. Now from
C.O.M.E.
12 2 G16Mm G.M .m G.16Mm GMm
mumin     0
2 2a 8a 8a 2a
45GM
umin 
a

3. From C.O.M.E. O
1 2 GMm GMm
3 
mv  3R 2  r 2    h
2 2R ( R  h) B
A R/100
R 99 R 2GM
Here, rR  and v
100 100 R C
2
1 2GM GMm   99   GMm
or .m   3 
3R 2   R   
2 R 2 R   100   Rh
2
1 1   99   1
 3    
R 2 R   100   Rh
2
1  1 1  99   1
    
R  2 2  100   Rh
 2
1  99   1
   1  
2 R  100   Rh
1 199 1
 2

2 R (100) Rh
199( R  h)  2 R  (100) 2
20000 R  199 R  199h
19801R
h
199