OBJ.

LEVEL – I

1. 6  105  103  103t

 12  10 6 t
10
 t   5C
2
Ans. (c)

2. d 2  d 2t  3d1t
d 2
  100  t  100  0.3%
d2
d1
d1  d1t   100  t  100  0.3%
d1
Ans. (d)

3. PV 2  constant.
 2 PVdV  V 2 dP  0
 2 PdV  VdP  0
Q  U  W for 1 mole
 CdT  CV dT  PdV
PV  nRT  PdV  VdP  nRdT
 PdV  nRdT  0
 PdV   nRdt
 CdT  CV dT  RdT
 C  CV  R
Ans. (b)

4. For compressing through same volume, area under P – V curve for adiabatic is greater than
that under isothermal curve.
 W1  W2
Ans. (b)

5. H   A(T 4 )
when T  273K , H  R
when T  2  273K
H '  R  24  16 R
Ans. (c)

P
8. In second container, as volume is constant = constant.  when temp = 2T0, Pressure =
T
2P0  gas flows from containers 21. Such that total pressure becomes constant. Let
moles of gas flowing from 21 be n’.
(2 P0  P ')(V  V ')  PV  2 n1 RT0
( P0  P ') (V  P ')  PV  n2 RT0
 n2  2 n1
n1 V2
 2  2
n2 V1
 V V '
 2
V V '
 V  V '  2V  2V '
V
 V '
3
 1 4
 new pressure  2 P0  1    P0
 3 3
Ans. (b)

9. Let temp of junction be T

3KA(T  100) 2 KA(T  50) KA(T  0)  0
  
t t t
 3(T  100)  2(T  50)  T  0  0
200
 6T  400  T C
3
Ans. (b)

10. As we can see, P  T ,

b
 V is constant
T
 W   PdV  0
a
Ans. (a)
P

11. Let mass of water condensed be m

(m  1  20)  540  m  (1.12  1  65)  103
 m(560)  1 65  1120
 m  2  65 g
 130 g  0.130 kg .
Ans. (a)

12. 10 cal = 41.8 J

% taken = 28 ×
28
 J taken   41.8  11.7 J
100
11.7 117
11.7  60  10  h     103 m
600 6
 19.5 10 3 m
= 195 cm.

13. W  PV  PV  3 P(2V )  P 2V )  4 PV

Ans. (c)

14. For cyclic process,

U  0
Q  W = area of curve
 10 2 J
Ans. (c)

T14
15. P1 
d12
 T24
P2 
d 22
P1  P2
2
 T2  d2
   .
 T1  d1
Ans. (b)
 SOLUTION OBJ. LEVEL - II
1. I  Mr 2
I  M [( r  r ) 2  r 2 ]
 M (2r r )  2It
Ans. (c)

2. At 4ºC, density of water = d0 = 1

dt  d 0 (1  yt )
 1(1  3.3 104 t )
0.98V  1  g  V  d 0  g
 d u  0.98
 0.98  1  (3.3 104 ) t
 (3.3  10 4 )t  2  10 2
2  102 3
t  
10 4 10
 T  t  t  64.6C
Ans. (b)

l l (1  t )
3. T  2  T '  2
g g
 1 
 T 1  t 
 2 
1 T 1
 T  T  t   t
2 T 2
Ans. (a)

4. T  const.
3 4
0T1  0 T2  T2  T1
4 3
   AT14
256 256
 2   AT24   AT14  
81 81
Ans. (a)

5. Let temp. at A be T1, B be T2 C

at C and D be T K1 K3
at C, K1 (T  T1 )  K3 (T  T2 )  K5 (T  T )  0 A K5 B
K 2 (T  T1 )  K 4 (T  T2 ) K2 K4
 K5 (T  T )  0 D
 ( K1  K3 )T  K1T1  K3T2
 K1 
T1  T2 
K T  K3T2  K3
 T 11  
K1  K3  K2
  1 
 K4 
  K2 
T1  T2
K T  K 4T2  K 4 
Similarly, T  2 1  
K2  K4  K2  2 
 K 
 4 
K1 K 2
   K1 K 4  K 2 K 3
K3 K4
Ans. (a)

dQ d
6. H   KA
dt dr
d
so, H  4r 2 K
dr
b 2
dr 4 K
or, a r 2   H  d
1

dQ 4ab(1  2 )
H K
dt (b  a )
H P
1  2  T
and a bR
4R 2 KT
P
(b  a )
4R 2 KT
thickness of shell  .
P
Ans. (b)

7. In V – T graph, clearly, V  T
 P is constant for C D and AB which is shown only in (a).
Ans. (a)

8. Let moles be n1 & n2

Q  0, W  0  U  0
U is constant U initial = CV (n1T1  n2T2 )
n1 P1
  nCV T
n2 P2
P (n  n ) R n R n R
Finally,  1 2  1  2
T 2V 2V 2V
1  n1 R n2 R 
  
2 V V 
1 P P 
  1  2.
2  T1 T2 

9. A  B  P constant A B
 V T
C  D  V constant C
p
A  D & B  C  T constant (isothermal) D
V
Ans. (b)
 1 1 1 KA KB
10.   as R  R1  R2
H H1 H 3 T+T T T+T
1 l  1 1  l  K A  KB  l l
      .
H At  K A K B  At  K A K B  T+T
KC l

11. In Process AC, V  T T is decreasing

 V is decreasing.
In Process A  B, P  T  V constant.
T is increasing.
1
In process B  C, T is constant  P 
V
P is decreasing  V is increasing
Ans. (c)

12. In process A  B, P is constant.

 V  T . T is increasing  V is increasing
Similarly, in D  C, V is decreasing.
In process A  D and B  C, T is constant.
Ans. (c)

13. In process B  C, P is constant and T is decreasing

 V  T and V decreasing
Process C  A is isothermal
Process A  B is isochoric
Ans. (b)

14. Q  70 cal = nCP   2  CP  5

 CP  7 cal  CV  (7  2)cal  5 cal
 Q at constant volume  nCV T  2  5  5  50 cal
Ans. (b)

15. As process is cyclic, U  0

 Q  W
In process B  C, V  0  W  0
In process A  B, W  W  P V  10(1)  10 J
Q  5  W1  W2  W3  10  WC  A
 WC  A  5 J
Ans. (a)
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - I(C.B.S.E.)
20 5
1. Moles of N 2   R  0.3 J mol 1
28 7
Q at const. Pressure = nCP T
5 7
   R  45
7 2
 5  8.3  22.5
 933.4 J .

2. Let specific heat of metal = s

0.2  s  (150  40)  (0.025  0.15)  4200  13
 0.2  s  110  0.175  4200  13
 17.5  42  13
 0.1cal g 1 C 1 .

3. Let amount of ice melted be m

 mL  2.5  500  390
25  500  39
 m  1.45 Kg
335  103

4. Power = 10 kW = 104 J/s

Mass = 8 Kg
s = 910 J/ Kg ºC
Time = 2.5 min = 150 s  Heat used for heating
150
  104
2
= 75  10 4 J
Q  75  104 J
75  10 4  8  910  t
75  10 4
 t   103.02 C .
8  910

5. In one minute, Mass of water flowing = 3 kg

T  50C
C  4200 J / kg
Q  3  50  4200
 210000  3  630000  6.3  105 J
 In 1 minute, Heat given by ------ = 6.3 × 105 J
6.3 105
 Mass of gas ------ 
4  10 4
63
  15.75 g / min.
4

6. Let the temp. be t

8.7( )(27  t )  0.01
t  68.7ºC .

7. F  YAt
 0.91 1011    2 2  10 6  66  2  10 5  377.17  105 N .
8. d t  d 0 (1  t )
 d
  t  49  10 5  30  0.0145 .
d0

9. P  e At 4
1
  5.67  10 8  2  15  12  10 4  (873) 4  296.4 watt
4
 Power required to maintain the temperature 296.4 watt

dT
10.  K (65  30)
dt
10 1 2
 K  
5 35 35
10 2 2
  (55  30)   25
t 35 35
 t  7 minute.
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - II

1. F  PA  P0 A
F  ( P0  P ) A
work done,
dW  ( P0  P ) Adx
W

 dW   ( P  P)Adx
0
0

W   P0 Adx   PAdx
nV
 P0 dV   PdV
V

 P0 ( nV  V )  RT ln n  PV
0 ( n  1)  RT ln n

W  ( n  1) RT  RT ln n .

2. T  2000 K , P  25W
e  0.3,   5.67  10 8
P  25  e AT 4
 0.3  5.67  108  16  1012  A
 A  0.918 104 m 2  0.918cm2 .

dQ 2 LK (1  2 )
3. 
dt ln b / a
K  1.76 Jm -1s-1 K -1 .

4. H   A(T 4  TS4 )
 5.67  108    2  2  4 104  (400) 4  (373)4 
 5.67  16 10 12  62.4 108
 17775.3 104 W  1.77W .

n1 n n n
5. CV T1  2 CV T2  1 2 CV T '
N N N
n1T1  n2T2
 T ' .
n1  n2

6. Along i a f , Q  50 cal P
W  20 cal a f
along i a f , Q  36 cal
(a) V f  Vi  50  20  30 cal i b
36  W ' 30 cal O V
W '  6 cal

(b) Q  13  ( 30)

 43cal .
(c) For i a f , Q.W  U  30 cal
ui  10 cal ,  u f  40 cal
(d) For f bi, q  36 cal ,
 u f  40 cal , ui  20 cal
 U  18 cal
For f b, W  0
 Q  U  18 cal
 Q ui  36  18  18 cal
 Qi b  18 cal .

7. Slowly compressed T = constant.

PV0
(a) P0V0 
2
P  2 P0
Suddenly compressed, adiabatic compression
 
V  V 
2 P0  0   P  0 
 2  4

2 P0 (2)  P
2 1 P0  P .

(b) Suddenly compressed, adiabatic compression


  V0 
0 0  P
PV   P  2 P0
 2
Slowly compressed, PV  constant
V V
2 0 P0 0  P1 0
2 4
 1
P1  2 P0 .

KA(100) H
8. H   100
1m KA
The rod should be placed at that pt where temperature = 25ºC
KA(75) 75
H  100   x  0.75 m
x x
 the rod should at 75 cm from hot end.

9. H  eA T 4  210
A T 4  700
210
 e  0.3 .
700

K1 A(100  T ) K 2 A(T  0) 100ºC 0ºC

10.  T  70C
l l T
K1 7
 K1 (30)  K 2 (70)  3 K1  7 K 2  
K2 3
when rods are interchanged,
K1 A(T  0) K 2 A(100  T )

l l
K 2 7T
 K1T  K 2 (100  T )   K 2 (100  T )
3
 7T  300  3T
 10T  300  T  30C .
 SOLUTION SUB. LEVEL - III

2 2
1 l 1 l
1. Q  Q ' K    K    U
2 2 2 2
l2
Q  Q ' K  U
4
PV  nRT
nRT
P
Al
nRT 2 nRT
Pl    2P
l Al
A
2
PR  Pl  Kl / A
 2 P  Kl / A
nRT Kl
PR  2 
Al A
 2 nRT Kl 3
   Al
 Al A 2 Al  nRT 
RHS,   
T1 T  Al 
3  2nRT  Kl 2 
RHS,    nR
2 T1 
3 2
3nRT Kl  nRT1
2
3 Kl 2
T1  3T
2 nR
3 Kl 2
T  T  T  2T 
2 nR
3  3 Kl 2 
U  nR  2T  
2  2 nR 
9
 3nRT  Kl 2
4
Kl 2 3 
Q'  Q   Kl  3nRT
4 4
5
Q '  Q  Kl 2  3nRT .
2

2. Q  change in internal l A
1 K
nCdT  nC V dT  K (x 22  x 12 ) P
2 T
3 R
C (T 2 T1 )  R (T2  T1 )  (T 2 T1 ) 2l
2 2
C  2R .

3. When a gas can penetrate through a position, it’s pressure on both sides of partition is same, i.e., it
spreads uniformly in both sides hydrogen can penetrate through both partitions.
nRT 15  8314  300
 pH 2    1.25 GPa
V 30 103 m3
2 
nitrogen can penetrate through only right partition  V 
3 
 3nRT 3  2.5  8314  300
 pN 2    0.31 GPa
2V 2  30  103 m3
oxygen cannot diffuse through anyone (V / 3)
3nRT
po2 
V
3  5  8314  300
  1.25GPa
30  103
From left, P1  pH 2  1.25  106 Pa
P2  pH 2  pN 2  po2  2.81 GPa
P3  pN 2  pH 2  1.56 GPa .

4. n = 1 Gas pressure = P0 = constant

P S  Mg
 Gas pressure  0 P
S M
As pressure is constant.
W  Q  U
 q  t  nCV T S
3
 q  t  R
2
Q 5 RT T 2 q
q  
t 2 t t 5 R
PV  nRT  P (V ' V )  R (T )
PV  2 q  2q
 R 
t  5R  5
  x  2q
 P  S.  
 t  5
x 2q
 
t 5 PS
x 2 q 2 q
 v   .
t 5 PS 5 P0 S  Mg

5. P1  105 Pa P
P2 3 4
P0  3  105 Pa
P2  4  105 Pa P0
1 2
V2  V1  10l  10  10 3 m3 P1
102  403 O V
V1 V3 V2 V4
P2  P0 V4  V3

P0  P1 V2  V1
1
 V4  V3   (V2  V1 )  5  10 3 m3
2
1 1
W  ( P0  P1 )(V2  V1 )  ( P2  P0 )(V4  V3 )
2 2
 750 J .
6. (a) In process 1  2,
PV = constant 20 2
V
 work done  RT ln 2 1
V1 0 3
P0 O
 RT ln P0 2P0
2 P0
1
 RT ln  
2
  RT ln 2
M   M 
RT  PV  P0    2 P0  
 0   20 
PM
 W12   0 ln 2
0
M M  P0 M
W2 3  2 P0   
 0 2 0  0
W31  0

(b) Process 2  3
Q  1  CP  T
5  2 P0  M  2 P0  M  
 R     
2  R  0  R  2  0  
 M  5 P0 M
 5 P0  
 2 0  2 0
In process 3  1,
3  2P  M  P  M  
Q  CV T  R  0    0   
2  R   0  R   0  
3 P M 
  0 
2  0 
In process 1  2,
 P0 M
q  W   RT ln 2  ln 2
0
5
2 
2
 Net heat rejected
PM 3 
 0   ln 2 
0  2 

P0 M
(1  ln 2)
P0 2
(c) Efficiency   (1  ln 2) .
5  P0 M  5
 
2  P0 

7. dw  ( P2  P1 ) dv
P1 P2

V0+Ax V0-Ax
PV  nRT
 P1 (V0  Ax)  nRT
P2 (V0  Ax)  nRT
 2V 
P2  P1   2 2 
dV
 V0  V 
 2V 
dW  nRT  2 2
dV
 V0  V 
dQ  0 … (iii)
 R 
dW   dU  2nCV dT  2 n   dT
  1 
 R 
 dW  dU  2n   dT … (iv)
  1 
From (iii) and (iv), we get
 R   2V 
2n   dT  nRT  2 2 
dV
  1   V0  V 
dT   1 2V dV
  2 … (v)
T 2 (V0  V 2 )
(V0  V )  7(V0  V )
 7 1  3
V  V0  V0
74 4
T V
dT V dV
T T     1 0 V02  V 2
0

T  395 K .

8. At equilibrium C
TC  TD …(i) x x
60ºC y 10ºC
At B, x E
KyA(T0  TB ) KyA(TD  TB ) KxA(TC  TB ) A B
  0 y y
l l l
D
 0.46(60  TB )  0.46(TD  TB )  0.92(TC  TB )  0
 27.6  0.92 TB  0.46TP  0.92 TC  0.92 TB  0
 1.84 TB  0.46 TD  0.92 TC  27.6 …(ii)
At C1 K x (TB  TC )  K x (10  TC )  0
 2TC  TB  10
 1.84 TB  1038 TC  27.6
 1.84(2TC  10)  1.38 TC  27.6
 3.68 TC  46  1.38 TC
 TC  20C  TD
 TB  30C .

9. Let water equivalent of flask be m

 (m  0.2)4200  30C  0.05 L  0.05  4200  40
(m  0.2)4200  60  0.13L  0.13  4200  10
 (0.05 L  0.05  4200  40)60
 (0.13L  0.13  4200 10)30
 0.03L  0.27  4200  10
 3L  27  4200  10
 378000 J
  378 KJ / Kg C .

 d 
10.     K (  0 )
 dt 
Temperature at t  0 is 1
(a) Maximum heat that the body can loose  Q  ms(1  0 ) ( dt  1  0 )
(b) If the body loses 90% of the maximum heat the decrease in its temperature will be
Qm  9 (1  0 )  9

10 ms 10 ms
If it takes time t1 , for this process, the temperature at t1 .
9 101  91  90 1  90
  1  (1  0 )   … (i)
10 10 10
 d 
Now,     K (  0 )
 dt 
Let   1 at t  0 ; and  be temperature at time t
 t
 d 
    0    K 0 dt
1 

or, (  0 )  (1  0 )e kt … (ii)

Putting value in the Equation (2) and Equation (1)
1  90
 0  (1  0 )e  kt1
10
10
 t1  in .
k
 OBJECTIVE SOLUTION

1. (b)

m
2. PV  RT
M
RT
P 
M
dP RT
 
d M
 T1  T2 .
Ans. (a)

3. Vrms  T
In both case temperature is same, so Vrms is also same.
Ans. (c)

T
4. Vrms 
M
(Vrms )1  (Vrms ) 2
T1 T
 2
M1 M 2
T1 M 1
  .
T2 M 2

5. (b)
 SUBJECTIVE SOLVED

1. Let V be the volume of each bulb. According to the gas equation PV  RT , when the mass of a gas
in any system remains constant, then
PV
 T remains constant.
Initially for the two bulbs
PV 76V 76V 2  76  V
 T  273  273  273 … (i)
where one bulb is placed at melting ice and another is maintained at 62º C, then
PV P  V PV
 T  273  335 … (ii)
2  76  V PV PV
  
273 273 335
2  76 273  335
or, P 
273 608
 83.75 cm of mercury.

2. We know that the velocity of sound in a gas

 RT 
v  
 M 
where M  Molecular weight, R  gas constant and T  temperature.
 1.67  R  T 
 vNe   2 
(  Ne  1.67)
 2.02  10 
 1.33  R  T 
2  
and vW .V .     M .V .  1.33 
 1.8  10 
vNe  1.67   1.8  10 2 
Now      2 
vW .V .  1.33   2.02  10 
= 1.06.

3. (a) Given that gaseous mixture follows PV 19 /13 = constant. We know that for adiabatic change
PV   constant. Hence for the mixture of the gas   19 /13 . Further
C C R R 19
 P  V 1 
CV CV CV 13
R 6 13 R
or,   CV 
CV 13 6
19
and C P  CV  R  R
6
Given that for gas A , A  5/3
and for gas B , B  7 / 5 .
Proceeding as above, we have
3 5
(CV ) A  R and (CV ) B  R
2 2
5 7
(CP ) A  R and (CP ) B  R
2 2
Let nA and nB be the number of kg moles in gas A and gas B respectively. Given that n A  1
gm mole  1 103 mole.
 As the gases are in a vessel of fixed volume, no work is done by the gas and vessel system.
Also, in adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. Thus the internal
energy of the system will remain constant. Hence
(n A  nB )CV dT  nA (CV ) A dT  nB (CV ) B dT
or (n A  nB )CV  n A (CV ) A  nB (CV ) B
 13  3 5 
or (1  103  nB )  R   (1  103 ) R  nB  R  .
 6  2 2 
3 3
or 13  10  13nB  9  10  nB (15)
or 4 10 3  2nB
4  10 3
 nB   2  103 kg mole
2
= 2 gm mole
(b) The speed of sound in gaseous mixture is given by
 RT 
v  
 M 
where R is gas constant and M is equivalent gram molecular weight of gaseous mixture.
Let M A and M B be the gram molecular weights of gases A and B respectively, then
n A M A  nB M B  ( n A  nB ) M
n M  nB M B 1  4  2  32
or M  A A 
n A  nB 1 2
68 68
 gm =  103 kg
3 3
 19  8.3  300  3 
 v    3   400.7 m/s
 13  68  10 
 RT 
(c) At temperature T , v   
 M 
 RT  
At temperature T   (300  1)K , v   
 M 
v T   301 
     
v T
   300 
v   301  
or, 1      1
v   300  
Thus percentage change in speed of sound
v  v   301  
 100     1  100
v   300  
 
 0.17%
1  dv  1
(d)  mt     
V  dp mt P
1  1  13 V  1 
  1     1   
P  (5)  3  19 RT  (5) 
 2.487  103 V / T .

4. (a) The time interval (t ) between two successive collisions with a particular wall is given by
2
t
vrms
 1 2
or, 
500 vrms
 vrms  500  1000 m/s
 3RT 
We know that, v   
 M 
 3  (25 / 3)  T 
or 1000   
 4 
Solving, we get T  160 K
(b) The average kinetic energy of an atom of a monoatomic gas is given by
3 3
K .E.  kT  (1.38 1023 )  160
2 2
 3.312  1021 joules
(c) From gas equation,
1m 2
P  vrms
3V
where m is the mass of the gas
1 m
 100    (1000)2
3 1
or m  3  104 kg.

 3 RT 
5. vrms   ,
 M 
R  Nk  (6.02  10 23 )(1.38  1023 )
 8.3 J/gm mole – ºK, T=27 ºC = 300 K,
M  28 gm = 28  10 3 kg
 vrms  516 m/s.
The average root mean square speed
0  vrms
v  258 m/s
2
(  when the gas escapes, the temperature and hence the root mean square speed also decreases)
Volume of gas escaping per sec  a  v
10  10 3 m3
 .
(1  10 4 m 2 )(258 m / sec)