Oe AS? tinear ransformation, oe Veckr space -homomorphisM: = = tet tt) and ute) be wo ueclor space. Theo & 0 mapprag TiurU es cafted a Unear trans- 4 formation [Cor uector space homomoa-phism J a * 2 z= PE the aioe d Condition aie catisféied- é @ Teety) = Toot TLy) a @ ty = eto nypewmy, Ker © e OR, Pqufualently a mobpir Truoy fs % Uren & a q ransformation Pf the following con dhHion are = Gas fred. é Tlantby) = aTUO+ b tty) A tye Ue & e and arbeFe a © ¥ e The PH e tL Pneastty operty. © condtHon CG ss catled nena tty pach ty - tinear Hansformation -féctoriatly may be sepie-€ Gented aS follows = S sites etna racod © {7 e a jean ae @ = K Tl) e uw ue eo.~ oD srneat operator. “Sy Mek ute) be a ueckor space then a funtion _ @ Tiuau detined by Tlax+ bY) ae ig Abhay & and abe Ff ig cal a Unear Dherator on U. That, T fs a Unear ope rxatox on vit Tes a near transformabeen -from U into uv. ; Note Sh T fs a ono-one and onto roe hhstng then +h -homomerphism is called a 960 Morpht's | ss QW Shoo shor une funcon Tt Usce) ~> Uacas dofrinasd “by Tl@rbie) = Caro) Ye Abel ER es a Unear trans-form ation “for Ugle) Pato U2(e) tek ys (Qyb01) B= (Q1b2;0.) @ ge) and Qbeir, o Now, Tlav+bp) = TY alanbi,e,) + bl e,b2100)2 - > = 7 Roar, ob 201) + (bas, bbe? a blo) 3 Ue oe Abit bbo @ 1, OCi+ ber § : = (are 60s, bit bbs ) o 3 = NGS Gb) FEC bash bey) 4 2 oo) b CQ21b2) 4 Be CGn CO) ome te) “4 = Arle) + bree) 4 2 Thus, T(dy+bB) = Ota) + Tu, 4 tence, + fs Lear +Honiformad on.Que et utr) be a uector Space and Wh BY ae & then oe, cotll be Apa sented by ordey pours! “ of 0a) number and -hence We ~ suppose *= Cb) YzCod) Dhee Able. te T pe o enoppleg © of unter tato *self- defined by Tlayb) = [atb, a-b) , theo Show that T fs a Uneat Aransformavon : é ce and + el. sOe -haye ote) ts oO uector spa enined ib 2 #8 a rapping, Te Uece)> Water deft y & é tab) = (Cath, a-b) . Now, e Tee ty) = + Su) 4 Cr dG a = tT Slated, 4d) % & = Saree bed, ate ~ (btas a i = Saseibtd, - @te-bod ¢ a S (ater btd , ase-b-4§% € = (atbtetd, a-b} Crd ) . = Cath, Ab) + (ct+d, e-d) : = ti Canby, a card) € = Tt oe, & e and, TCR) = Te kea e 2 1bIg e = T$ kako? © = (Katkp, ka ~kp) @ = @ = & Cate, a-b) = KTlO1b) = tr < wD ooThu, TlRx) = kTtx) ‘o Hene, + f& a Unoag Aa nsformation, LE Fome shaitfoulas trans-formatfon. @ Zero trang-formactton 3. Mee Uce) and YEP) be 1wo Vector ghace. ThE function from utov defined By TCX) =O Wweno uector of-v) tha eu os Lear transformation . anes treat Uans-form. ation, fs called a zero transformation, 5 St ts alenoted by . Poet toh eee 0 and aber Then a AttbB eu 408 have, TLAV4+ bBI =O = Oat bo = OTH). + bsTOBD. hur a near tHhansform atton, > §+ fs denoted by 4. @) aden -transformatton ct uth) be a uector Space. The -fanctoo I ftom uy rato vu define by Tld= ath ae fs a Unear ‘transformation -frem y Pato u. this Ioeat transformation Ps called Yeon dite +tansformation. gr %% denoted by T- Proof tel ip eU 1 Orbe ‘then Av +bp-ey ‘Then we have, Tlawt bp) = Aat bp Fatty + Tha) + fs neat transformation. eho se bebCbbddddgdddoemheooddoddee© Negative of a Unear transformation = tok uF) and Wtf) be two uectose Spa. wt Tr be a [neat transformation fom -u foto U, then twerespondking -t &s detined ty Cre = -Ctey4taey fs a Une © *rans-for mat on from ofate u. & Here -T os eatted negative of Uneo = transformation of T. S Pn e Tnee, Tle) eu» - Tit) eu therefore -T & _ -funcHon from uy Pato Ys “7 a Hee ap @U and arb EF , then s At bR ev ° and, we have eo (1) (axeep) = ~Uttvtspy7 & e 38y cle fin Pteon of e a; fa aut € Tt orca] @ S al-rea] + b (-tepsy © ee bcuUR - ee Sy en transformation. . 7 e 2 ® & S &° = Puopenties of Utneax +acans-fosm ation. —_ net Oe N ——_——_ NW Thee 8 tok T be a Méneat transformation -fuom vec- » #04 Space ULE) Pte 4 vector space ~S VIE} than ~ © Tlo)=0 CWhae sHo onthe LHS Fs the. “s yeu vector vo and RHS FS “Ss wto vector Oh v.J a) @) Tears ~ TIWKaey ~S @) Typ) = Tee)- TEAM UA eU = @ Tayi tasdat .. ¢anen) = OUT br) + a Tes) ~~ - Foes + anT etn) are ! and ae ev. ~S 0. a: Proof & Or tay then TWIEV then Se bh = TW+o= Tw, ye . a Two Seton? zy > TUR) fO FS TLAD + TLOD Sys op fs Uneag 2 +ranstormats% pe > O= TL) ( o fe Dn ) a ft £09 lok ad) ™~ Prove) = © ~ We have, ~ That ey) = TU + TOW BUT Ps Cheat ~ Bub + trans formechion 2 cE (ita) = Two) =o 5 Y OF Tey ye ne) ec Tew) oR, Ted = — Tey proud BY aials ee lay Tle-B) = Tet ep -— ti 4 “> = te) FET (pay Up) = ta) — tla past Range aod null Space of a UWnear +transformakds Rod Ob A neat transformation — dor Ute) and vit) axe two Uector Spaces ond Tiu-yv fs a Uneat transformation +h he. Song OF BGnpe of tT Sef dented % RUT) Ps ~ the wok oh at} uectors P eV Such shat tixj=B for soma xe UL some a 6UF Ney Qtr) = §pev: tla=p th Noke+ emmecv ao OReeQgaye oe» ,@a@a0 44 @Ho Lee~z, Theoxem: 9, ULF) and ute) are two Ueetorg spaces and + fs a Unoat transformation fx0m U foto UV, hen the duane oh es Q Gubspace o-f- v. Pros, Obutiously, VT) fs a non~ empty subset of. tee 8. Bo ERT then here exists a Vectous Si,e2 Py O Gueh that TW)= Bi and Tet) = Bo NoW Ut ob be any element clement of- tied ¢ we have op.t bpo= 2 TE +b Tela) = Tl ol + by.) Crate oO se Ginclolt transfor mat oo ¢ POPP SSO PMHAARR|EASSW es) bodddd “3 “3 ~y b4 LIdaISILALS ; oof vdd j, p @ , | di a id oa f ey Now, 0 % a uector shace rHerefore zr eo and aoe o > Ad tre2 @U Consequently TUQditbar) = Pit bB2 Rev) Th, Bio RT) and aber > OB. + bBo @eer) Thi, Revd &s a gubsbace Sh V+ proved! Natl shaco of Lneat, Hansdermation kernal a Unear tHonsformation) Nee Ue) and UE) bE tur0 Vector Space and T bea AEn ean, thOns formation from U HOV." Thon the nel Space Of + Pe t0uPHen os NOr/ fs the Sot of off uectors a hy 0 ouch +hat TheJ=o (z0u0 vect oc Any Thus, NT) =$4@uiriw) so evg . of we ropandledl he Uheart +rantformaton T trom Unto U at a vector space Homo morpht'sm of UPnte Vv , then +h@ null Space of T Rs also called ase kernal oT: Theaxem 2. Of cay and Ver] are Luro Uector space and or Pe a thea tHansfosmat on from Otto, then she kerne} o T oF the nat Spae of T & a Subshace wt y, resol tet NOT) = S4eur Teas o erg since Ttoj=0 ev, therefore atfease © eae Thut, ner] & a 20N- emp Subset o% w doe Grits CAT) then Tle) =0 and Udy DO tb abe bP and auth eu./ Now, TlAd pbda) = atta) +o TC¥27 ot rE = Q.04.6.0 al = O+F 0 = oO€v e| "ea, Tada + ba) =OeV T a > Ad,+ oa, ENCT) - Wee Get Od 4, © + Ady tba, & MIT) *T " NC Fs @ wubsbace i a | su sp of ; e| o a Rank and nett ey of a bnear transformation. e | Theorem ® et T be a Unear ~rans-formatton from a «| vector sbace utr) Pnto a. uoctor Space | vie). He a fen? te a&mens Poof =} Vector hace +hen Range o T eoa «| <8 fintte dlimengion ap Subspace of U- =| pest, tet ute) be a fintle dimensional vector © | space, al . oe Thotepore YALE exists a basis fox DUP). a| wal $= $2,,%y»—toe be 9) fais of ow) | and xe. vie) =| Therefore, x con he expeossed a a Uneat comb- ination of elemenks 5. ‘Ceh Ots Ot Oy + — 4 amtm tae ee —_G> The elements Tl), Ttm)+~—Tl%m) ae fn Lev. fOr S'= § Tew), TAA), TY J, - TlXm) 2 4280 0Fll shod thak uss) = ey PPPPP PPP3 Se yore dhol Thee 2, ute) such tho Se exists an element 2 19 7 = Ge Ttx) Ne Therefore » from 198 harp = Ss qd? TLGHy +O%t--- + AMM) l “Ss = arTl%)+ QT) t--- + ara) a 2 * a Unea eombinaten 4 olemen f = q 1S = 3 A & cis) _) y eer = Lisl stenee, ect] fs -fentte mensional. ~S ™ = Rank of a (near trans. rmabiton >» Lee Tr be a Mneas transformatin, 1060 a vector shace Sp (UEP) into oo vector space vee) with v as a -finite ° : d?mensional, shen nank of T fs dlenoted Wy ~~» fit) Ps the démens'on + sorge of 7. ss Ne, P= dim Rv), 7S Nutt % a near transformation. <9 eg fo —~ “the nullity of T fs denoted by wir) -%s the a) cémbrsion of null space Tr i ie, very 5 Om xert. 9 a: 3 2 2 = 3Vrweoom $— Yok yy and ube a ueckor shace over Ine ~fPold Fond lee T be o Unear sransform ate’on stom 0 foto Vv gu hpose vhak 0 Ps -féntte dimonsonas uh en Rank (r) + Nallity [Tr] = aim B 10 obi Rit) + olon(T = olin U. ° Pet AL neh Yor nl be Q null space of T then N be a Subspace 4 8. ee Uv we a féotte adimensionaf vector Sfa-@ | aherefure NPs also a flaite dimengipnal . lor fry N= atuthty tr) =k rtet Gnd, Leb $ai,e0,-— on bea bass fox NV. Binw, Saier,—— vat fs LPrear Podependent subser % v. Therefore , OE CAD extend PL to vo. USS TPP PP TS 4 -form a basis x 14 0b y?. din v= and lO Ser retay~ ~ og (Aggy —— Ane 0 a basis for. The ueckon Tle), Theta) Tland + a0e alafm BAF Stee g I+ T logy ss +a basis for he ange gy r, O Chat of all ne puove that wo fay | Teeny), Tlie) 17 Theda) pene sange x _ £55 ~ a 7 Th), Thole gy) pa T tone pj Pp - Pp ‘let p eRange 06 T “hon there Ti i= p exists glo such +hak ete el rele ao oo FF guah that x Now, #e ud FH 01,49, -—~ On Aaa oO € and Ns cL Qa tQadat ~~ Ft Ande ~~ + EONO of > DS rly = TH Ait O24 ~-4 Ondgt ~~ £00 af Ns ~ AnTldn) QT) t Qs Tha) B—- FAK Tak It “s >) Tle) = ~~ + An Tle) > B= Witldey) t Aner Teta) F + {" Qik — Vk CN f | DY Tlaj=o-— Thre} =o {The Uechons Tlatey1) oT Ulta) Tlein) span tho Set gor) GD Nod, wl ghatf Cho® that the uectond Tlekew J, Tlke2) ~ — Thad are ufneaxty rodofendent. tet Ctr: leas = LE such that Che Oded) + Cera: (dees) HH— +t Cp ledn J EO dddddddddd/dddddddé 2 T lees dey + Cops det2t —— + Gain) =O > Char keer tan @ Nell shace af T. 7 ¢ -— keke) T t Cody = bitrt baat —+ baeg Por some bibs, ~~ by @ FE } bicth + badat ~~ +t bhay ~ Cet iteg ~~~ Onan S b= 0, b=0,-— SKE-0, CegiF0,—~— Cpe o ee se Aida -— ak det) hke27~" ~ Xd are Lear oe 5 Padepond ent - y The vector Tleey), Tp. n) —— Thr? Porn geo 6 Ones for Rit) Rank T= dio o% 2 eg T= N-k % gaok(t) # oallity tr} = dimv. b45%5bBeboed de eed t dd goed T HHH EES 9 oa dim R(T) + dim NT) = roywodeudd ee ee ree > Atgebxa of Unear transformation, © Heans S Theorem: Proye that whe sem of two Liner fer rer Now, THEO Then fle, ma ton . lot Chl be a grew ueckor shace and (er 4 and 8 be Ywo un ear transformat!©n Tut a we define the Cum of +e abprog, SiraFlatly we dehine the gum Ate aL tu hear Hansfo rm a-t'on of Vintov os fellows (Ateaixu= Art ax, 4% wey Hor cy &V » (ates eaeyy= (AFBI Et fod = ALTHBr1 4A fey io AXt AY "" » Fty@ry) Amy] + lary) AL+ AY + Buy ay AX# Oxy AY te Arta ay tay " ” (A+B) Cnty) 0 ie 8 Age (440 9( ex) J 8 det 8 800° 20 try Urroae Alka) 4 Blkx) HONE fOrmadt FRCAR) 4 kaa) = kh At ayhey EA#8) (kx) = 4B). +tene, a tPoeat transformation, eas 2 ° » ttansformatton ¢% ak Sum of two Uneat traasfo v v | | e- wh ish ‘ ° et Theotery'- the spt al teas wa nsformo-tion Ha Vector Space form a uoctos Space, «| | Ps : & — *ft00 tear trontformabion. * | al TBeorem top UU and D be veootor Space over came F] field op. teh be eit @ Uneaw trans- and 6 be a Umoar V into w “from U8nto v formation mm amat'on {ror trans -fo~ © l " they the gg, Pe | fenction gt t te0 ree Transformation ) defined by STM) = S$ rue © I tPoea 4 haNSformatton, eal Tlalt Tar) And tr & said Yo be gato rf Pevs Fweo such hat = Tid J =p. 84 T fs one-one onto wen we a from y ato 0 called ate denoted by all, Pe eine a fenotion TNUCNLO 8 T and Oued the feed + ond Aer T $e a Uneasy trans formabion from Uinto u 9 T fs one-one and onto she “the & DQ aa yal ravers ® -function t's @ Wnean trans formation,” tok fy) Bo eV apd aber Sine, TiS ONl-one Ant onto therefore, there orises unPgue —vectort ety ln uch tha The =P 1 That) > Ba» Then by defnton eT! we have TU A)= ar and +" (Bs= ov Now, Ax; +bhet,& U Ther ej ore we hore TGd +b42) = ATlti) tht leds) TOOdi tb de) = Of + bBoBy dopiniHon 6, T-' we have, TI opr bp.) = Adit btn heey T!(0B,+ bps) = QT He Eee i o a 7 gh, T!% a Bocar lane prove Thexem.- tot ure) be a vreetox space and A,B be Hnect trantformation on ¥ then chow thar © FH and & asp frverttable , then (ayy 's B'A~? GD on % Povertible and ato er then aA be Pnvertble and (@aste= prot ® we bee, ipa iae)= A! f a taps = pT (A ”) oI = e' C zal = BB = (a"a) li (a a!) tawny = FT Agate. las \tatat) = A[BlaT AT = Aa day = ACT T.avt7 = Aa~ 2 T il wal Thus, (BA) CABIZ= T=(ABICB“A-) ence, (ABI? = Cata-ty prove?: en onl ta) - afa(e a] = Cla) oy = a [fa tny] 4 ie, (OA) {a a) = 4 ary , (ar) = +0 at can] ES t C attaay] ~ eC yay iS (7.0) = &: Es + ae he, [be ~') (an) derma Thus , (é A!) (on) = 7 = (an) (4 at) loner, (x ar) = (an): proved) Sengelar. and Nleo~ sfagelar, Hand fouma « v zone. x ‘ xy ter tbe a Lnpar Yraniformation from @ eater 7 hace uc ento a vector Apa ue) then HQaas PPFIPITFPARAARUMAQRHE A QA Ag . aonamen oT Fs cad to be eo- cingular .ef- the oull Space Of T Cire-, Kerr) consist of tho BETO vector Spete: alone. pane: ie be a and Tlal=o0 ae. | > Sy there exisk a vectoe oF eeu such that [os Tta=O Yen rT Ms Gad +o be shegulatsJsomoebhisrn of _Uectors then a mapb— 2 tee uch! and uce) -be two vector space! ham 6 ‘PP fo fioru & called an &omorp aad Lf Ito uv rf © £ fs One -one > De Pe, onte Ge) FLodd bp y= ale | bFep) Then Yhe tw vector Spacey ace Sala 5 hee ano ec 0 conr'Z, a bo Lee. ty we ALO Vee ; nem aD OS ion [ wector ¢ ace Oe Came 3 mens to q@ ecto, Giese iSomorprc'e ‘bb VhSy— aee eG Game atemengions, 40 bo Ocal Somorb— 3 3 pase Aire Suppose Yhal- ~ ferbte — di'm engr'onal 3 Con on. OCF and wee ae taro Hels ‘space Zach of atmen- Then do prove that Very uly eter FhO get of vectosy s Bay ain and Y Br Bs, ~— Bop be the basis Shu and U Aespee- , sloely,Any upctor ae U Can be untquely exproserd a a a L= Aki t+ Qrdat ~—- + AnXn+ toe frustu be defined oY HA) = QBitd Bot ~ snp, Sinee, Yn the expression of- Fas a Ufhear eombin— Why Oh ay, eo,-—%n the gealats Ors tas ~- An \ ye oF 2 a Me unfyue. el oe “| eae reappreg & wer! def rned. oy Hey fF) fs “a unfgue clement of. & |) ey @ - & one-one et a0e have, 7 #LQrt Gas4~— + Anan) = $ Covert badat — 4 ney)? fh 3 up + pid —— + OnBo° = bipet befat theo ol (ai~b1) Pr + (a:~bo) pa + —— + (Qn-bn) Bo = 0 ev =| “= 4 Q)-by =O, Y~ ba= 0, ~-- G-bn=0 € (dine, g Pi Pas Ba--- Bo are Lineatey fnde-€ penclant ) 7 % = bi, Gb. , Og=b,—~-— Gn=bn. * | JS Udit HAE —— + Anda = didi tbody ~~ 46qey | Lf fs one~ one s = s @M +E f% onto. ~ Of nape Ay prt ~— + AnBy fS ANY element © of U then where exists an element & Qt + Xap ~— + AXH&O uch that & PU QF QF ~=- + Andy) = apr t Papa #4 fy o. fe bs onto. x sxoe t Fee Pee, & & ~ Td? ) eesenveae se w/e ws SSeow OLE os “4 fa Lear transformation. we have, NoW, + Tautbpl, GbEF, wPEU. = Af aed Qa t -— + Unda} + b Cbidit boxat ~- + bo¥] + [Coat obi), + (O04 ba) eat —H“F (ARDtEbA ea) = (Caai+bbr) Pr + (agdotoba) prt -—+ CQan+bby) By = ofa.ps + % Pot -—4AnBo) + bC brit baat tbopn) = ALC agit Qa dot ~~ + Ax) + FC bieit badat -~ sbaxn ) = Ofte) + op) f. 42 fe. a thoenk tans formation , lane, es iSOMOAA Fam rom 0 onto Vv vty ye) Conuersely, AU UU) and ULE) be wo HSomorbhre féntre mensional uector Space then +o prove thar dimvs dimmu, te dim yan, Wh S= EX, wo, ane be “ais oh ou. Y f— is a Fsomorphism Cf YU onto y, we claim ape ek st= $40), pou), Feanyd fs a basis of vy. ffest we hall Show that — L ° at. anand Ende pe- ae Gti 1 toad Ww Flin = oO eV } Ui £8 adit beet --- 4 Ando de =o ) Udi + Ado t~— + Anan = 0 {fs one-one onto ¢ QaFO) @=0, Sv diders= vo ate Pneatty A= 0 Po dep endear a eee ae tlvn) aye near +1ans formation * thu st Ps neat independent Now , -to prot thar Lise v, for thes poe shall ghed +baF an Uecloh Bev ean be exhressed OS a Ener combPnation Of +the uectors Of 4hQ Sok gt Sine, fF & onto Wi therefore pev There exists ce u such that FCdJ= Bp thon B= feta) = # CCik) + Creat m-- + On wn) ie) Bo = HCH Abd t= — Cy En) Thus, ps a Uneat tomb?naHOn ef the vect- ous of St. awtence Us LOS) 1g te. a basis of v Gree GS! contatn n vectors, therefore démy =n thuf, dimo= dimv=o9 —Henee -the theorem | HROgvvraae a Ore raeagnDeannas° Theorem 9. Puory n-dimensPonal uecter space wer) & fo- morphic +0 WnCr), ee elm CU “ek wey can be tin? quely expressed a8 OS Gudit Axary See BOny The ordered a~tepb les Cor as-~— an) & Unce) Mek 4: UE) > Une) be defined by fais (ri) —- a) ppp DDe e sovon of a as a Breax combln~ s nel baat ae sedan Qi, ~— W OL uns Quo, therefore fta) fs untgue aternent Unte) ant thus the ela + well cte-ftnedd - S Now of ts en@— one, 3 Or = ON Fada t -— + Anny ond 2 Be bit bot2t-— + bnxo be any +O Memonk of WF) ade howe, Fix) = £(p) 3 Flamer dat —— + Aadn) = F (better t ben) 9 (01% )-~ ) = Cor, bs,-- bo) Say depr of +4 2 QFbr, G=bs ~-- Qebn 7 Qik AoW + AgXQt—- Agen = bry + boa t-- +bndy > ee a wf Ps one~one, 4OF (ar Q,-— An) be an then there exists an GUE) Gach that liar + 424 ~~ + Anda) = t fs onto, elem ont of Unce) element quay kat ~~ 4 Ane (41a) an y o a a TS vioowt trans tormation Sh GbE ond Be VER) , we hare . oo ow| J J A] gs 0 Non "towed p) = + (atone Gant=- 4 Andn)+ BC beets += bret) = + [autbb: ) «1 4@a,tbb2) v4 ~~ ¥ aan? binds) : er bs) , [aant bbs) -~ (ASatbbn JJ e- = (Oa, a2 1-- Ay) + Cbbrd bbar-- bby) e 6 = a (a1 y-— an) 4b Cbrsbarn“bo) & = a HlOigd Gdrt— AAdn) 7 bh Cbroty te eke a ee ” oa Ela bb Sep) fe. flaxtox) = a tert © 40P) “Tag, - f& a thnenr trans-format!o . ahusohore, 4 ts a fsoen orphosm . cttenee, ule! & UnCe), we Que hod “that the mab fq FL BC > voter cextned PG Fld os B= tar, QJ) Fs A home morphism Of URlE) -onto Us Ce) ° 40 be and = (eli ear alg) and. B=(R +) Ba Ba) be any sw elements of v3CF) Now, G AM4+bB= Al di darag) + OC Br Bs ps) = (0X14 Qa, Oes) + (bBir bBa, bps) © (O04 BI , Aust bps , Qegteps) Flaw tops = T § (awtbe, Coateps) + Cavs op)? = TF (Qart ber) , (axrtb 2) % DPA PAsPPPHHPFe Vase agngggn e /v lee wdeediddd ddd ws Faas ep) = flax 1 Oda D+ (bBry bB2)F = Alkid2) t b&b CPs B2) | =O Tle xa, ¥3) + BT (Bips, B32 = @ Tia) + PILB Ths, $(A¢+bB)~ artiwy 4 brtpy seacee i a a | faens transform akton - “therefore, ff fs a homomorphism - Now, Ut (4,4) be any element of- Var) theo there exists an element (ai,m@10) EVgtr) Gueh +hat F (ans 0) = Car, ay) “ffs gate. 4tenee, Sf fs ia homomorphism of V3cF) on be Uatel «proved |Merete of Weds trans formabon, fee UCR and ULF) be two vector sbace over thE Came frotd ft of dfmensfoo n and m Aespect ve ter B= Lai, l2,-— yolne And B= Sp,,po,-— Ben? ‘be prodercd basis -for Uand Us guppose T fs a lneas trans-formatton -from gy fato Ve °2 Thay), Thea)i-~ Then) ate element of vy and ft's -ordered basis Fs B's SBupa-— BOFLS 2 TW = Wit Gifat-— + Am pry Tha) = OPrt Q22Bst -— + Om2 Pm Tig) = Qs By + Aasfat —~ 4 m2 Pro ' i Taj) = Quy Bit Qay Po t —— + omy Br ! Teta) = Pr t BnPe + ~-— + Ama Bm Write 2 the w-ordfoate yoctons of Thy), Plea,-- “> Taj) -—- Tan) a8 wlumn vector of ho enotaly . M4 Ge yg -— ay UO M1 aa ag, = My ----%N ! ! 1 1 ' { { i i ‘ Gm: Ome ams amy ama J mxn mis mately Ps called : matty of Wneas +trang- formation “ T solative aoe +o ordered basé&s 2g and py ‘ond + fs denoted by Cte BJ Thus, we have Tug) = OfBy Coy Bate an p + ™ 1, Tey) 2 Ber j 2 oy Re etch. 6 Then tbe mately Ct! 6,5 called ETS CG nen Bs e. Trang pose of wheay transformatis a. a MHA \ LSafahs tt 49 #9 4.8.9) 4 : PPRe nnaennan fd pp» ee