SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1:
Find the differential equation whose solution represents the family: c(y + c)2 = x3
Solution:
c (y + c)2 = x3 ... (i)
dy
Differentiating we get, c[2(y + c)] = 3x2
dx
using (i), we get

2x 3 dy 2x 3 dy
2
(y  c)  3x 2   3x 2
(y  c) dx y  c dx

2x dy 2x  dy  2x  dy 
i.e., 3     y  c , Hence c  y
y  c dx 3  dx  3  dx 
Substituting back into equation (i), we get
2
 2x  dy    2x dy  3
 3  dx   y   3 dx   x
    
which is the required differential equation.
Example 2 :
2
dy

 x  y
Solve the differential equation
dx  x  2  y  2 

Solution:
On putting X = x + 2 and Y = y – 2 , the given differential eqution reduces to
2
dY  X  2  Y  2   X  Y 
 
dX XY XY

dY dV
put Y = VX  =V+ X
dX dX
2
dV 1  V  V dX
V+ X =  dV 
dX V 2V  1 X

 1  2dX
integrating,  1   dV  
 1  2V  X
 1  2Y  2Y/X
 V– ln (1 + 2V) = 2 ln X + C  X4  1   = K.e
2  X 
where X = x + 2, and Y = y – 2

Example 3 :

Solve : dy  y
dx 2y ln y  y  x
Solution:
dx 2y ln y  y  x x
   2ln y  1 
dy y y
dx 1
 .x   2ln y  1
dy y
1 dx
In this equation P = and Q = (2ln y + 1) (comparing with + Px = Q)
y dy
1
I..F = e  P.dy  e  y dy  e ln y  y

 The solution is x(I.F) =   2 ln y  1 I.F  dy

c
xy =   2 ln y  1 y dy ,  x = y ln y +
y
Example 4 :
 x  x
Solve :  1  e y  dx  e y  1  x  dy  0
   
 y
Solution:  
dx dv
Put x = vy, vy
dy dy
The given equation reduces to
 dv  v
  
1  e v  v  y   e 1  v   0
 dy 

 v v v dv
(v + ve + e – ve ) = – (1 + e ) y 
dy  1  e
v

v
dv
 
dy y v  ev  
Integrating,
ln y = – ln (v + ev) + C
  x 
x
ln y + ln (v + ev) = C ln y   e y    C  ln C1

  y 
   
x
x + y . e y = C1
Example 5 :
dy
Solve : siny = cos y (1 – x cosy)
dx
Solution:
dy
sin y = cosy (1 – x cosy)
dx
dy
siny – cos y = –x cos2 y,,
dx
dy
 tany sec y – sec y = – x
dx
Let sec y = v
dy dv
 sec y tan y =
dx dx
dv
  v   x , which is linear differential equation with P = –1, Q = – x
dx

I.F = e  pdx = e  1. dx  e  x

 v.e  x   x.e x dx  xe  x  e x  C
ve–x = e–x (x + 1) + C
v = (x + 1) + Cex
sec y = (1 + x) + Cex

Example 6 :
Solve : ydx – xdy + y2 cosx dx = 0
Solution:
The given differential equation can be rewritten as

ydx  xdy x

2
  cos xdx  d    cos xdy
y y

x x
  d      cos xdx    sin x  c  x = –y sinx + cy,,
 y y
which is the required solution.

Example 7 :
2
dy  dy 
Prove that the general solution of the differential equation y = (x + 1) – form a family
dx  dx 
of straight lines and it has a solution which is a parabola.
Solution:
2
dy  dy 
y = (x + 1)  
dx  dx 
dy d 2 y dy dy d 2 y
  (x  1) 2  2 .
dx dx dx dx dx 2

d2 y  dy  d2 y dy x  1
  x  1  2  0  either,
, 0 or 
dx 2  dx  dx 2 dx 2

d2 y dy
If 2
 0, then  c  y  c(x  1)  c2 , which is a family of lines.
dx dx
2 2
dy x  1  x  1   x  1   x  1
If  , then y  (x  1)     which represents a parabola.
dx 2  2   2  4
Example 8 :
A curve y = f(x) passes through the origin. Through any point (x, y) on the cuve, lines are drawn
parallel to the co-ordinate axes. If the curve divides the area formed by these lines and co-ordinate
axes in the ratio m : n, find the curve.

Solution:
Area of OBPO : area of OPAO = m : n

x y
xy   ydx B P(x, y)
 0 m
x

n
 ydx
0
x
O A

 nxy = (m + n)  ydx
0

Differentiating w.r.t x, we get

 dy 
n x  y   (m  n)y
 dx 

dy m dx dy
 nx  my   y = cx m/n .
dx n x y 
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 :
2/3
 d3 y  d2 y dy
The degree of the differential equation  3   43 5  0 is
 dx  dx 2 dx

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) none of these

Solution:
2/3
 d3 y  d2 y dy
   43 5 0
 dx 3  dx 2 dx
 

2 3
 d3 y   d2 y dy 

  3   3 2  5  4
 dx   dx dx 
It is a differential equation of degree 2.
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 2 :
The differential equation representing the family of curves y2 = 2c(x + c ), where c is a positive
parameter, is of
(A) order 1, degree 3 (B) order 1, degre 2
(C) order 2, degree 3 (D) order 2, degree 2

Solution:
y2 = 2c (x + c )  2yy1 = 2c  yy1 = c
eliminating ‘c’


y2 = 2yy1 x  yy1   y  2 xy1  2 y . y13 / 2
(y – 2xy1)2 = 4yy13
It is a differential equation of order 1 and degreee 3
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 3 :
The general solution of the differential equation (1 + y2)dx + (1 + x2) dy = 0 is
(A) x – y = C ( 1 – xy) (B) x – y = C (1 + xy)
(C) (x + y) = C (1 – xy) (D) x + y = C (1 + xy)
Solution:
(1 + y2) dx + ( 1 + x2)dy = 0
dx dy
 1  x 2  1  y2  0

on integration, we get tan–1 x + tan–1 y = tan–1 C

xy
 C  x  y  C(1  xy)
1  xy
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 4 :
2
 dy  dy
A solution of the differential equation    x  y  0 is
 dx  dx
(A) y = 2 (B) y = 2x
(C) y = 2x – 4 (D) y = 2x2 – 4
Solution:
y = 2x – 4 satisties the given differential equation
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 5 :
dy
The solution of the equation = cos (x – y) is
dx
xy xy
(A) y + cot  C (B) x + cot  C
 2   2 
xy
(C) x + tan  C (D) none of these
 2 
Solution:
du dy
Put u = x – y, then  1
dx dx
du
 1 – cos u =
dx

du 1 u
  1  cos u   dx   cos ec 2   du   dx
2 2

u xy
 x + cot  2  = constant  x + cot  2   C
   
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 6 :
The order o f the differential equat ion whose general so lution is given by

y = (c1 + c2) cos (x + c3) – c4 e x c5 where c1, c2, c3, c4 and c5 are arbitrary constants is
(A) 5 (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 2

Solution:
The given equation can be rewrittern as
y = A cos (x + B) – Cex,
where A = c1 + c2, B = c3, C = c4e c5
As the minimum number of parameters is 3, order of the differential equation = 3
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 7 :
2y
The equation of the curve, slope of whose tangent at any point (x, y) is x, y > 0 and which
x 
passes through the point (1, 1) is
(A) x2 = y (B) y2 = x
(C) x2 = 2y (D) y2 = 2x

Solution:
dy 2y dy dx
We have,   2
dx x y x
integrating
ln y = 2ln x + ln c  ln y = ln cx2, , y = cx2
The curve passes through the point (1, 1), c = 1
So, the curve is y = x2
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 8 :
A curve ‘c’ has the property that if the tangent at any point ‘P’ on ‘c’ meets the coordinate axis at
A and B, then P is the mid point of AB. If the curve passes through the point (1, 1), then the
equation of curve is
(A) xy = 2 (B) xy = 3
(C) xy = 1 (D) none of these

Solution:
Equation of tangent at P (x, y) is
 dy
Y–y= (X – x)
dx
It meets the co-ordinate axis in A and B

 dx   dy 
 A =  x  y dy , 0  and B =  0, y  x dx  ( P is the mid point of AB)
   

dx dy
2x = x – y and 2y = y – x
dy dx

dy dx
  0
y x
Integrating,
ln y + ln x = ln c  ln (xy) = ln c
 xy = c
As curve passes through (1, 1), c = 1
So equation of curve is xy = 1
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 9 :
The equation of the curve satisfying the differential equation y(x + y3) dx = x (y3 – x) dy and
passing through the point (1, 1) is
(A) y3 – 2x + 3x2y = 0 (B) y3 + 2x + 3x2y = 0
(C) y3 + 2x – 3x2y = 0 (D) none of these

Solution:
 y (x + y3) dx = x (y3 – x) dy
 y3 (ydx – xdy) + x (ydx + xdy) = 0

 ydx  xdy  y  y  d  xy 
 x2 y3    xd  xy   0   x d  x   x 2 y2  0
 x2   
2
 y
 
integrating,  x   1  c  y3 + 2x + 2cx2y = 0
2 xy

3
It passes through the point (1, 1)  c = 
2
the curve is y3 = 2x – 3x2y = 0
Hence (C) is the correct answer.