Global Governance

Lesson 2.2
By: Rhon Torrente| Instructor
 Global Government

• There is still no global government

– Mails and other goods are delivered across borders
– People travel from one country to another
– Cross country activities
• Disruptions are relatively uncommon
• International transactions are distinguished by order.
Global governance - refers to the way institutions manage their own
affairs.
Governance – is different from politics.
Politics - is more about making compromises.
Global Governance
• Totality of laws, norms, policies and institutions.
• Defines, constitutes, and mediates trans-border
relations between states, cultures, citizens, inter-
governmental and non-governmental organizations.
• Includes organization and markets
• International institutions and the pluralism of values
must be reconstituted per the standards of
governance and legitimacy – to remain viable.
• Capable of addressing contemporary challenges
effectively.
Global Governance
• Purposeful system of rules or norms that ensure
order beyond what occurs nationally.
– Governance is usually more than the government
– Implying shared social purpose and goal
orientation and a formal authority or police
powers.
• A rules-based order without a government.
• The governance for the planet is weak.
• There is no principal authority, and there is little
enforcement.
Global Governance
• Reinforced by non-state actors such as civil societies
and markets.
• State and non-state structures find themselves
sharing the governance stage.
– Intergovernmental organizations and UN system.
• Global governance is all but a journey in the process
– UN provides and accomplishes the plan for
bringing together world leaders to tackle the
pressing issues.
– Dealings such as militarization, changing weather
and international criminal justice.
 UNITED NATIONS
• Embodiment of the international
community of states
• Focus of global expectations
• Locus of collective action as a symbol of
an imagined community of strangers
• Made enormous positive contributions
in maintaining international peace and
security, promoting cooperation among
states and international development.
• Not a nascent world government.
• Continue to contribute to improving
global governance.
 GLOBAL GOVERNANCE FORMS AND FORMATS

• International agreements:
– General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• Global Organization composed of foreign bodies:
– World Trade Organization (WTO)
– World Bank (WB)
– International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Loose groupings:
– G7 (US, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Italy and
Germany)
– G20 (advance and emerging economies including EU
• Informal discussion Fora – World Economic Forum
• Government and International Institutions
• Civil society and businesses
Effects of Global Governance over Globalization

• Global governance:
– Not a global government
– Does not recognize a world government or any central authority or power
that seeks to resolve international issues.
• Can be economic and political spheres.
– International Monetary Fund (IMF) - major actor in global economic
governance.
– Leads to Unilateralism - weakens multilateralism as an instrument for
making globalization work.
 Environmental Governance
• Collective approaches to tackle the challenge
brought on by rapid change and irreversible
impact on nature on human activity.
• An initiative that has allowed nature to
transcend political and social barriers to the
effects of the global crises ignoring its
consequences.
– Climate change - one of the most significant
challenges that the world is facing right now.
• Environmental management - the most
wanting in urgent answers in the form of
collective action by the whole of the human
community
 Environmental Governance
Climate Justice – concerning environment
governance
– Lies in the aspect that most of those who suffer the
adverse effects of the wrath of nature have very little
to do with the causes of climate change.
– Policymakers should take measures to enable the
most considerable number of world citizens to save
the natural environment.
Reducing carbon emissions – industries must take
care of the environment
– Amassed significant amount of profits at the expense
of nature
– Do their share in saving the environment and spare
people from the effects of the harsh forces of nature.
 World Governance Challenges

Militarization – significant challenge

to current world governance
– WWII and end of Cold War, Wars in
Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan have
erupted.
– Wars could happen if diplomatic means
fail to resolve initial conflicts among
states.
– Tend to step up their militarization efforts
either for dominance or to avoid being
dominated.
 World Governance Challenges
Problem of terrorism – related to militarization
Advancement of science and technology – a sector of
the society think that they are left behind or
disadvantaged by the said process.
Tend to disrupt it by sowing fear and confusion –
through violent acts that cost thousands of innocent
lives.
• Solutions through military actions have seemed to
add more to the problem than solving the
problem itself.
• Policymakers ought to walk the extra mile to go
beyond violent solutions and look at the very root
of the problem on terrorism before a win-win
solution can be attained.
 World Governance Challenges
• Structural violence, Human rights,
environmental care and personal peace
• Poor wages, inhuman working
conditions, and gross exploitation of the
natural environment are all
manifestations of the challenges.

• Problems concerning equality, human

security, peace, and sustainable
development should be appropriately
addressed
 The Role of International Law
• Fostering global stability and prosperity.
• Serve as a smooth balm over the
competing interests which nations can
have.
• The philosophy is explicitly rooted in both
international law and its institutional
framework.
• National identities are being threatened
by growing economic interdependence
and undermining "Western" interest.
– Ex: Disputes of South China Sea – drawing 9
dash line of international waters
 The Role of International Law

• International law must clearly state its political principles

and institutions and establish a consistent and functional
institutional structure around this ideology.
• Values underlying international law are the values of
liberalism—the rule of law, capitalism, democracy, and
an emphasis on human rights.
• Liberal legal institutions should impose stricter following
of the principles of liberalism to contribute to a more
secure and prosperous global community.
 The Role of United Nations
• United Nations sponsored the Universal Declaration on
Human Rights in 1948.
– Emphasized the values of liberalism as a mechanism to
thwart national self-interest through the "recognition of the
intrinsic nature of the rule of law and the basic freedoms
and civil rights of all members of the human family and
equal and inalienable rights. It served as the foundation of
freedom, justice, and peace in the world."
• The United Nations continued to promote these values
through various institutions like the United Nations
Scientific and Cultural Educational Organization
(UNESCO).
– UNESCO was founded in 1946 with the mandate "to
contribute to peace and security by cultivating cooperation
among nations through education, science, and culture to
further universal respect for justice, the rule of law and the
basic freedoms and civil rights upheld for the world's
peoples, without distinction of race, sex, language or
religion."
Conclusion
• Global governance is essential to facilitate global trans-border
transactions and maintain world peace.
• There is still no global government, global institutions have helped
facilitate carry out businesses in the economic and political spheres in
the way nations relate with each other.
• Several challenges related to the issues of terrorism, militarization,
structural violence, human rights, environmental care, and the
attainment of personal peace have confronted the realm of global
governance.
• These issues are addressed through a number of instruments facilitated
by the United Nations and aided by international law.
• Despite the absence of a recognized global government, global
governance is evident through several nations' consensus to adhere to
policies facilitated by global organizations and the United Nations.