SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1:
Find the range of (sin–1x)2 + (cos–1x)2.
Solution:
Let f(x) = (sin–1x)2 + (cos–1 x)2
= (sin–1x + cos–1x)2 – 2 sin–1x. cos–1x
2   2
=
4
 2 sin 1 x   sin 1
2
x =
 4

  sin 1 x  2 sin 1 x 
2

  2    2  2 
 1
= 2  sin x 2

2
sin 1 x 
8 
 = 2sin 1   
  4 8 16 
2
 1   2  2
=2  sin x    2   . . . . . (i)
 4  16  8
2
 1   2 9 2  2 5 2
Now, 2  sin x       . . . . . (ii)
 4 8 8 8 4

  2 5 2 
from (i) and (ii), range of the given function is  8 , 4  .
 

Example 2:
α
If u = cot–1 cos   tan 1 cos  prove that sin u = tan2 2

Solution:

u= – tan–1  cos α  – tan–1  cos α 
2

 2tan–1  cos  =  2
–u

 
Now, cos   u  = cos (2tan–1 cos  )
2 


1  tan 2 tan 1 cos  
sin u =
1  tan tan 2 1
cos  


1 cos   2

1  cos 
2

= 1  cos  = tan 2 .
1  cos  
2
Example 3:
xy 2ac
If ax + b sec(tan–1 x) = c and ay + b sec (tan–1y) = c; (a  c), then prove that 1  xy  2 2 .
a c
Solution:
Let tan–1x = α and tan–1y = β
 tan  = x, tan  = y
the given system of equations reduces to
a tan α + b sec α = c and a tan  + b sec  = c
 α , β are the roots of the equation a tan θ + bsec θ = c
 (b2 – a2) tan2 θ + 2ac tan θ + b2 – c2 = 0 . . . . . (i)
tan, tan β are the roots of (i)
2ac
 tan α + tan β = – =x+y
b a2
2

b2  c2
and tan α tan β = = xy
b2  a 2
xy tan   tan  2ac
Hence, 1  xy = 1  tan . tan  = 2 2
a c

Example 4:
If sin-1 x+ sin-1y + sin-1 z =  , x, y , z  0, then prove that
x4 + y4 + z4 + 4x2y2z2 = 2 (x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2)
Solution:
We have,
 sin-1 x + sin-1y + sin-1z = 
 sin-1 x + sin-1 y =  – sin-1 z
 cos(sin-1 x + sin-1y) = cos (  – sin-1 z)
 cos (sin-1x) cos (sin-1 y) – sin (sin-1x). sin(sin-1y) = - cos (sin-1 z)
 1  x 2 . 1  y 2  xy   1  z 2

Q 
cos(sin 1 x)  cos cos 1 1  x 2  1  x 2 
 1  x 2 1  y 2  xy  1  z 2

 (1– x2 ) (1 – y2) = x2y2 + 1 – z2 – 2xy 1 z 2 {squaring both sides}

 1 – x2 – y2 + x2y2 = x2y2 + 1 – z2 – 2xy 1 z 2
 x2 + y2 – z2 = 2xy 1 z 2
 (x2 + y2 – z2)2 = 4x2y2 (1 – z2)
 x4 + y4 + z4 – 2x2z2 – 2y2z2 + 2x2y2 = 4x2y2 – 4x2y2z2.
 x4 + y4 + z4 + 4x2y2z2 = 2(x2y2 + y2z2 + z2x2)
Example 5:

1 1  x 02
If xr+1 = 1  x r  , xr  1, then show that = cos–1 x0 .
2 x1x 2 x 3 . . . . .up to infinity
Solution:
1
Given xr+1 = 1  x r  , let x0 = cos  , 0    
2

x1 =
1
1  x 0   1 1  cos   cos   , x2 = 1
1  x1   1 1  cos    cos 2 
2 2  2 2 2 2 2 

 
similarly, x3 = cos  
 23 
.....................
.....................
  
xn = cos  
 2n 
   
 x1x2x3 . . . xn up to infinity = cos . cos 2 . cos 3 . . . cos n
2 2 2 2
sin 
=  . . . (i)
2 n. sin
2n

 x1 x2 . . . xn . . .  = nlim  x1 x 2 . . . x n 


 
 sin θ 
lim  
= n   n θ  [using (i)]
 2 .sin n
 2 

sin θ sin θ
lim 
= n  n θ . . . (ii)
sin θ / 2
θ.
θ / 2n

1  x 20 1  cos 2 

 x1 x 2 x 3 . . . x  sin  [using (ii)]


=  = cos-1 (x0) [ cos  = x0]

1  x 20
  cos 1 x 0
x1 x 2 x 3 . . . 
Example 6:
Find the set of values of parameter ‘a’ so that the equation (sin-1 x)3 +(cos-1 x)3 = a 3 has a
solution.
Solution:
(sin-1 x)3 + (cos-1 x)3 = a 3
 (sin-1x + cos-1 x) {(sin-1 x + cos-1 x)2 – 3 sin-1 x. cos-1 x} = a 3

2  1  2
 – 3 sin-1 x. cos-1x = 2a 2  sin-1 x   sin x   1  8a 
4 2  12

π π2
 (sin-1 x)2  sin 1 x   1  8a 
2 12
2
 2 2

 1
 sin x    8a  1  
 4 12 16

2 2
 1 π π2  1 π π2
  sin x     32a  4  3   sin x     32a  1
 4 48  4 48

   3  
Now, sin-1 x   ,     sin 1 x  
 2 2 4 4 4
2
 1  9 2
 0   sin x   
 4 16

2 2
 0  32a  1  9  0  (32a – 1)  27
48 16
1 7
 a
32 8

1 7
Thus, the required set of values of ‘a’ is  ,  .
 32 8 

Example 7:
Find the number of ordered pairs of (x, y), which satisfy y = |sin x| and y = cos–1 (cosx),
where – 2   x  2  .
Solution:
ln [0,  ], y = cos-1 (cosx) = x
In [  , 2  ], y = cos-1 {cos(2  – x)} = 2  – x
In  , 0, y  cos 1 cos  x    x
In [– 2  , –  ], y = cos-1 {cos (2  + x)} = 2  + x
Plotting the graph, we have
 y

x
–2 – 0 2

 required ordered pairs are (0, 0), (2  , 0) and (–2  , 0). Hence required number is 3.

Example 8:
 
3  3x   2  1 
x   x  1 .
Evaluate : cos–1 x + cos–1      ,
 2   2   2 

Solution:
If cos–1 x = y, then x = cos y
1 1 1 1 
we have  cos–1 1  cos x  cos  0 y 
2  x 1 2 3

x 3  3x 2 1 3
   cos y  sin y
2 2 2 2

    
= cos   cos y  sin   sin y = cos   y 
 3 3 3 

x 1  1
It follows that cos–1   3  3x 2     y
 2 2  3

 1  
 cos cos    for 0     and here 0  3  y  3 
 
 
 The given expression = y +  y  .
3 3

Example 9:
Solve the equation, tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = /4.

Solution:
 2 x  3x  
tan–1  2  = , if 6x2 < 1
 1  6x  4
5x
 =1
1  6x 2
1
 6x2 – 5x + 1 = 0, if x2 <
6
 1 1
 (6x – 1) (x + 1) = 0 and – <x<
6 6
1 1
 x = 1/6, –1 and – <x<
6 6

 1 1 
 x = 1/6 neglecting x = –1 as x    , 
 6 6
Example 10:
Prove that

 π
1  π, if 0  A  4

2


1 1 3
tan–1  tan 2A   tan cot A   tan cot A =   π
 π
0, if A
 4 2
Solution:
First note that

cot A > 1, if 0 < A <
4
 
and cot A < 1, if < A < . Hence
4 2
 tan–1 (cot A) + tan–1 (cot3A)
cot A  cot 3 A π π
=  + tan–1 4
, if A
1  cot A 4 2

cot A  cot 3 A cot A cos A sin A sin 2A 1

   tan 2A
Also
1  cot A 4
1  cot 2 A 
= sin 2 A  cos 2 A = – 
2 cos 2A 2

1 
1
Hence, tan–1  tan 2A   tan cot A  + tan–1 (cot3A)
2 
=  in the first case,
= 0 in the 2nd case, because tan–1 (–x) = – tan–1 x.

Example 11:
1 1 1 2
Prove that tan  tan 1  tan 1 .
7 13 9
Solution:

 1 1 
1 1 1 1  7  13  1  20  1  2 
L.H.S. = tan  tan 1
= tan  = tan   = tan  
7 13 1 1  90  9
1   
 7 13 
= R.H.S.
Example 12:
Solve 2( tan–1 1 + tan–1 2 + tan–1 3).
Solution:
tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 =   tan 1[1]
=   tan 1[1]
 tan–1 1 + tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 = 
2( tan–1 1 + tan–1 2 + tan–1 3) = 2 

Example 13:
 3
Evaluate sin  cos 1  .
 5
Solution:
3 3
cos 1    cos 
5 5

4   3  4
  sin   sin cos 1     sin  
5   5  5

Example 14:
 7 
cos 1  cos  .
 6 
Solution:
7
because does not lies in (0, )
6
  5   1   5   5
so cos 1  cos 2    = cos  cos   
  6    6  6

Example 15:
Solve the equation 2(sin 1 x ) 2  (sin 1 x )  6  0 .
Solution:
Let sin–1 x = y
x = sin y
2y2 – y – 6 = 0
2y2 – 4y + 3y – 6 = 0
(2y + 3) (y – 2) = 0
y = –1.5, 2

2
2
So that only solution is –1.5.
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1:
The value of
  2 3 
sin 1 cot  sin 1    cos 1 12  sec 1 2  
   4  4   is
    


(A) 0 (B)
4
 
(C) (D)
6 2
Solution:
 2 3  
We have sin 1 cot  sin 1    cos 1 12  sec 1 2  
  4  4  
    

  2 
1   1  3 1  1 3 1 1  
= sin  cot  sin    cos  cos
 2 2  2 2  
   
= sin-1 [cot (150 + 300 + 450 )]
= sin-1 [cot900] = sin-1 0 = 0
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 2:
5 2
If (tan–1x)2 + (cot-1x)2 = , then x equals
8
(A) –1 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) None of these.
Solution:
5 2
We have (tan–1x)2 + (cot–1x)2 =
8
2
 1  5
 (tan x + cot x) – 2 tan x   tan x  
–1 –1 2 –1
 2  8

2  5 2 3 2
 - 2 tan–1 x + 2(tan-1x)2 =  2(tan-1x)2 –  tan–1x – =0
4 2 8 8
π
 tan-1x = – x = – 1
4
Hence (A) is the correct answer.
Example 3:
 1  3
 
If A = 2 tan-1 2 2  1 and B = 3 sin-1   + sin-1   , then
 3 5
(A) A=B (B) A<B
(C) A>B (D) None of these.
Solution
We have, A = 2tan-1 2 2  1 
2
= 2 tan-1 (1.828)  A > 2 tan-1 3  A >
3

1  1  1 3   23 

-1  -1 3.  4     = sin-1 (0.852)
Also, 3 sin = sin = sin-1
 3  3  3    27 

1 
3 
 3 sin-1   < sin-1  2 
 3  

1 
 3 sin-1   <
 3 3

 3  3  3 
Also, sin-1   = sin-1 (0.6) < sin-1  2   sin-1   <
5    5 3

1  3   2
Hence, B = 3 sin-1   + sin-1   <  
 3 5 3 3 3
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 4:
Indicate the relation which is not true
(A) tan |tan-1 x | = |x| (B) cot |cot-1 x| = x
(C) tan-1 |tan x| = |x| (D) sin |sin-1 x| = |x|
Solution:

 1 1 π
 tan x, if 0  tan x  2 tan 1 x, if x0
Since |tan-1x| =  =
  tan 1 x, if  π  tan 1 x  0
1
 tan x, if x0
 2
 |tan-1x| = tan-1 |x|  x  R
 tan |tan-1 x| = tan tan-1 |x| = |x|
Similarly it can be shown that options (C) and (D) are also correct. However (B) is not correct for
if we take x = – 1, cot |cot–1x| = 1, which is not equal to – 1,
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 5:
If sin-1 x > cos–1 x, then
  1   1 
(A) x    1,  (B) x   0, 
 2  2

 1   –1 
(C) x  , 1 (D) x  , 0
 2   2 
Solution:
We have, sin–1x > cos–1 x

 sin–1 x > – sin-1 x
2
 
2sin–1 x >  sin–1 x > .
2 4

 sin(sin–-1x) > sin
4
1  1 
 x>  x  , 1 since – 1  x  1
2  2 
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 6:
 2
If 2 sin-1 x = sin-1  2 x 1  x  , then x 

 1 
(A) [– 1, 1] (B)  , 1
 2 

 1 1 
(C)  ,  (D) None of these.
 2 2
Solution:
 2
2 sin-1x = sin-1  2 x 1  x 

  
Range of right hand side is  , 
 2 2
   
   2 sin 1 x     sin 1 x 
2 2 4 4
 1 1 
 x   , .
 2 2
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Example 7:

If cot–1x + cot–1 y + cot–1z = , then x + y + z is also equal to
2
 1 1 1
(A)   (B) xyz
x y z
(C) xy + yz + zx (D) none of these.

Solution:

cot–1x + cot–1y + cot–1 z =
2
  
   2  tan 1 x   2
  tan 1 x  π
 tan  tan 1 x   0

  tan tan 1 x    tan tan 1 x 

 x  y  z  xyz
Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Example 8:
The minimum value of (sec-1 x)2 + (cosec-1 x)2 is equal to
2 2
(A) (B)
2 4
2
(C) 2 (D)
8

Solution:
Let I = (sec–1 x)2 + (cosec–1 x)2 = (sec–1 x + cosec–1 x)2 – 2sec–1 x. cosec–1 x
2  
=  2 sec 1 x  sec 1 x 
4 2 

2

4
 2

 2 sec 1 x   sec 1 x

 2
2     2

4

1 2
4
1

 2  sec x  2 sec x      
 4  
 8

2
 1  2 2
= 2 sec x     I
 4 8 8
Hence (D) is the correct answer.
Example 9:
Total number of ordered pairs (x, y) satisfying |y| = cosx and y = sin-1 (sinx) where x  [-2  , 3  ]
is equal to
 (A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 6 (D) 5
Solution:
Graphs of y = sin-1 (sin x) and |y| = cos x meet exactly five times in [–2  , 3  ]

- 2π –π 0 π 2π 3π x

Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Example 10:
If [sin-1x] + [cos-1x] = 0, where ‘x’ is a non-negative real number and [  ] denotes the greatest
integer function, then complete set of values of x is
(A) (cos 1, 1) (B) (– 1, cos1)
(C) (sin 1, 1) (D) cos 1, sin 1)
Solution:
Given, [sin-1x] + [cos-1x] = 0 and x  0
 [sin-1 x] = 0, [cos-1x] = 0
 x  [0, sin1) , x  (cos 1, 1]
 x  (cos1, sin1).
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Example 11:
1 1  1 1  1
The value of tan (1)  cos     sin    is equal to
 2  2
 5
(A) (B)
4 2
3 13
(C) (D)
4 12
Solution:
 1  1  2   3
tan 1 (1)  cos 1     sin 1    =   
 2  2 4 3 6 4
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Example 12:
1 1
The value of cos cos 1  is
2 8
 3 3
(A) (B) 
4 4
1 1
(C) (D)
16 4

Solution:
1  1  1 1 1 1
Let cos     , where 0     , then cos  
8 2 8 2

1 1 1  
 cos cos  = cos
2 8 2

1 1 1
Now cos   cos  
8 8
 9  3
 cos 2   cos 
2 16 2 4
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 13:
If 1  x  2 the number of the solution of equation
tan–1(x – 1) + tan–1 x + tan–1(x + 1) = tan–1 3x is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

Solution:
tan–1(x – 1) + tan–1(x + 1) = tan–1 3x – tan–1 x
2x 2x
 2

2x 1  3x 2
 4x 3  x  0
1
 x = 0, 
2
None of which satisfies 1  x  2

Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 14:
If a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c, then a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x is equal to
ab  c( b  a )
(A) 0 (B)
ab
  ab  c(a  b)
(C) (D)
2 ab
Solution:
a sin–1 x – b cos–1 x = c
b
we have b sin–1 x + b cos–1 x =
2
b  c
b
 sin 1 x  2
1
(a  b) sin x  c
2 ab

a  c
similarly cos x  2 1

ab
ab  c(a  b)
so that a sin–1 x + b cos–1 x =
ab
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Example 15:
x x  y
If x > y > 0, then tan 1  tan 1   is equal to
y x  y
 
(A)  (B)
4 4
3
(C) (D) none of these
4
Solution:
x xy
since .  1 , then the equation is equal to
y xy

 x xy 
 y  xy 
1
  tan   1 3
1  x  x  y  =   tan ( 1) 
4
 y x  y 
Hence (C) is the correct answer.