SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :
Solve: sinx + cosx – 2 2 sinx cosx = 0
Solution:
Here sinx + cosx =2 2 sinx cosx = 2 sin2x … (1)

1 1  
or 2 ( 2 sin x  2 cos x )  2 sin 2x or sin  x    sin 2x
 4

 
or, 2x = n + (–1)n  x  
 4

Taking n even, n = 2m, m I, 2x = 2m  + x +
4

 x = 2m  + where m
4
Taking n odd, n = 2m + 1, mI
 
2x = (2m + 1)  –  x  
 4

 2m  1 
 3x = (2m + 1)  – or x  
4 3 12

 1 1 3
Thus, x =  2m    or  2m    , where ml.
 4 3 4

Example 2 :
Find the general solution of the equation
[cos (x/4) – 2sinx] sin x + [1 + sin (x/4) – 2 cosx] cosx = 0
Solution:
From the given equation
 x x  2 2
sin x cos 4   sin  4  cos x   2 (sin x  cos x )  cos x  0
     
or, sin (x + x/4) – 2 + cosx = 0
or, sin(5x/4) + cosx – 2 = 0 … (1)
Which is possible only if sin(5x/4) and cos x both are equal to their maximum value 1. Thus (1) is
satisfied if
sin (5x/4) = 1 … (2)
and cos x = 1 … (3)
From (2), sin (5x/4) = 1
  5x/4 = 2n + /2
or x = 2 (4n + 1) /5, where nI … (4)
and from (3), cos x = 1
 x = 2m, where m I … (5)
Now the value of x satisfy both (2) and (3) are the value of x which are common in (4) and (5).
Thus we require the integral values of m and n, such that
2(4n + 1) /5 = 2m
 m = (4n + 1)/5 … (5)
Since both m and n are integers, therefore we can take only those integral values of n for which
4n + 1 is divisible by 5. Obviously n = 1 is the least positive integral value of n for which 4n + 1 is
divisible by 5. Thus we can take n = 1 + 5 l,  l  I .
From (4), x = (2/5) [4(1 + 5l ) + 1]  = 2(4l + 1) , where lI

Example 3 :
 2 2 2 
Solve the equation cos2 [ (sin x  2 cos x )]  tan ( x  tan x ) 1
4 4
Solution:
 2 2 2 
Given cos2 [ (sin x  2 cos x )]  tan ( x  tan x ) 1
4 4
 
or, sin 2 { (sin x  2 cos 2 x )}  tan 2 ( x  tan 2 x )  0
4 4
It is possible only when

sin 2 { (sin x  2 cos 2 x )}  0 … (1)
4

  
and tan 2  x  tan 2 x   0 … (2)
 4 
from equation (1)
 2 
sin2  (sin x  2 cos x ) = 0
4 


 (sin x + 2 cos 2 x ) = n, n I
4
or, sinx + 2 cos2x = 4n
 |sinx + cos2x |  |sin x| + |cosx|2  1 + < 4
 The equation has no solution for n  0 we consider n = 0
 sinx + cos2x = 0
i.e., sin2x – sinx – 1 = 0
or, (sinx – 2 ) ( 2 sinx + 1) = 0
 sinx  2
1
 sinx = –  x = 2k – /4, . k  I
2
Also these values of x satisfy the equation (2), therefore the general solution of given equation is

x = 2k – , kI.
4
Example 4 :
Find the general solution of the equation sin4x + cos4x = sinx cosx
Solution:
The given equation can be re–written as
4sin4x + 4cos4x = 4sinx cosx
or, (1 – cos2x)2 + (1 + cos2x)2 = 2sin2x
or, 2(1 + cos22x) = 2sin 2x
 1 + cos22x = sin 2x
or, 1 + 1 – sin22x = sin2x
 sin22x + sin2x = 2
This relation is possible if and only if sin2x = 1
  (4n  1)
or, 2x = 2n +  x  n   ( n  I)
2 4 4

Example 5 :
tan + tan( + (/3)) + tan( + (2/3)) = 3
Solution:
From the given equation,
tan   tan( / 3) tan   tan( 2 / 3)
tan + 1  tan  tan( / 3)  1  tan  tan(2 / 3)  3

tan   3 tan   3
or, tan    3
1  3 tan  1  3 tan 

tan  (1  3tan 2 )  (tan   3).(1  3 tan )  (tan   3) (1  3 tan )

or, =3
(1  3 tan ) (1  3 tan )

3 tan   tan 3 
or, 3 3
1  3 tan 2 
or, tan3 = 1 = tan(/4) or, 3 = n + (/4)
or,  = (4n + 1) (/12), where n I

Example 6 :
 1
1
sinx cos y
Solve x and y : 4 sin x  3 cos y
 11 , 5.16 – 2.3 2
Solution:
1
Let, 4sinx =  , 3 cos y  

Then the equation becomes

 +  = 11 … (1)
52 – 2 = 2 … (2)
On solving we get
12
 = 2, –
5
If  = 2, 4 sin x  2;  2 2 sin x  2 ;
 2sinx = 1;
1
 sin x =
2

 12 12
If  = , then 4sinx = – which is impossible as 4sinx > 0
5 5
When  = 2, we get  = 11 – 2 = 9
1
 3 cos y
 9  32

1 1
  2; cosy =
cos y 2

1 1
Thus we have sinx = , cos y 
2 2

 
 x = n + (–1)n and y = 2m  , where m, n I
6 3

Example 7 :
Find all values of ‘  ’ for which the equation sin4x + cos4x + sin2x +  = 0 has atleast one solution.
Also find the general solution of the equation for that  .
Solution:
Here (sin2x + cos2x)2 – 2sin2x. cos2x + sin2x +  = 0
1 2
or, 1– sin 2x  sin 2x    0
2
or, sin22x – 2sin2x – 2(1 + ) = 0
 2  4  8(1  )
 sin2x = 1  2  3 … (1)
2
3
But sin 2x is real; so 2 + 3  0, i.e.,  
2
Also, – 1  sin2x  1
 1 1  2  3  1

As 1 + 2  3  1
3
So 1 + 2  3 = 1   =
2
Also – 1  1 – 2  3  1

 0  2  3  2

 3 1
   , 
 2 2
 from (1), sin 2x = 1 – 2  3

 3 1
where   , 
 2 2
 2x = n + (–1)n, nI and sin  = 1 – 2  3

n
 x=
2

 ( 1) n sin 1 1  2  3 
 3 1
where n and   , 
 2 2

Example 8 :
Solve for  and :
tan + tan = 4
tan3 + tan3 = 2

Solution:
Here, tan + tan = 4
or, (tan – 2) + (tan – 2) = 0
Putting tan = x + 2
and tan = y + 2, then x + y = 0 … (1)
again, tan3 + tan3 = 2
 3 tan   tan 3  3 tan   tan 3 
or,  =2
1  3 tan 2  1  3 tan 2 
or, 3tan – 3tan3 – 9tan tan2 + 3tan3tan2 + 3tan – tan3 – 9tan2.tan + 3tan2. tan3
= 2(1 – 3tan2 – 3tan2 + 9tan2 tan2
or, 3.4 – {(tan + tan)3 – 3tan.tan (tan + tan)} – 9.4 tan tan + 3.4 tan2 tan2
= 2 – 6{(tan + tan)2 – 2tan. tan} + 18 tan2. tan2
or, 12– 64 + 12 tan tan – 36 tan. tan + 12tan2. tan2
= 2 – 96 + 12 tan. tan+ 18 tan2. tan2
or, 6tan2.tan2 + 36 tan tan – 42 = 0
or, (tan . tan)2 + 6tan. tan – 7 = 0
tan. tan == – 7, 1
or, (x + 2) (–x + 2) = – 7, 1 (using (1))
or, 4 – x2 = – 7, 1 ;  x2 = 11, 3
Now, x2 = 11  x =  11
 tan = 2  11
  = n + tan–1 (2  11 ) where nI.
x2 = 3  x =  3
 tan = 2  3
  = n + tan–1 (2  3 ) where n  I
Also, tan = 4 – tan = 2  11 , 2  3
  = m + tan–1 ( 2  11 )
or m + tan–1 (2  3 ), where m  I.

Example 9 :
( 3 sin 2 x  cos 2 x  2 )
For x  (– , ), solve the equation ( 3 sin x  cos x ) =4
Solution:
The given equation is

or, ( 3 sin x  cos x )

( 3 sin 2 x  cos 2 x  2)
4

    ( 3 sin 2 x  cos 2 x  2 3 sin x  cos x )

or,  2 sin  x  6  =4
  

 
2 sin  x  
     6
or,  2 sin  x   4
  6 
  
Hence, 2 sin  x     2
 6

   
or, sin  x     1 or, x +  2n 
 6  6 2

 
or, x = 2n  
2 6
As x  (  , ) ,
 2
 x= and x = – are the solutions of the given equation
3 3

Example 10 :
Solve for x and y: 12 sinx + 5 cosx = 2y2 – 8y + 21

Solution:
12sinx + 5cosx = 2y2 – 8y + 21
 12 5 
 12 2  5 2  sin x  cos x   2( y 2  4 y  4)  13
 13 13 

5
 13cos(x – ) = 2(y – 2)2 + 13, where cos =
13
Clearly, LHS  13 because the greatest value of cos (x – ) is 1
Also RHS  13 because the least value of RHS is 13
 the equation can hold if the value of each side = 13
Thus cos(x – ) = 1 and y = 2
 x –  = 2n and y = 2
 x = 2n +  and y = 2

x = 2n + cos–1   and y = 2, where nI.
 13 
Example 11 :
2 3
Find the solution set of the system of equations, x + y = and cos x + cos y = , where
3 2
x and y are real.

Solution:
2
x + y = 3 , cos x + cos y = 23

 2 cos  x 2 y  . cos  x 2 y  = 23
 xy 2
 2 cos  . cos
3 2 = 23  [x+y= 3 ]
xy
 cos
2 
= 23 which is not possible .

Example 12 :
Find the values of x, 0  x  2 , such that
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x + cos 2x + cos 2x.
Solution:
The given equation can be written as
(sin x + sin 3x) + sin 2x = (cos x + cos 3x) + cos 2x
 2 sin 2x cos x + sin 2x = 2 cos 2x cos x + cos 2x
 sin 2x (2 cos x + 1) – cos 2x (2 cos x + 1) = 0
 (sin 2x – cos 2x) (2 cos x + 1) = 0
That is, either sin 2x – cos 2x = 0 or 2 cos x + 1 = 0. In former case

tan 2x = 1  2x = n  (n  I)
4
(4n  1)   5 9 13
 x  x , , ,
8 8 8 8 8
1 2 4
If 2 cos x + 1 = 0, then cos x =  , that is x  or
2 3 3
Example 13 :
If 32 tan 8   2 cos 2   3cos  and 3cos 2  1 , then find the general value of  .
Solution :
1
Given 3cos 2  1 or cos 2 
3
1
1
1  cos 2 31
Now, tan 2    .........(i)
1  cos 2 1  1 2
3
Now 32 tan 8   2 cos 2   3cos 
4
1
or 2 cos 2   3cos   32    2 or, 2 cos 2   3cos   2  0
2
or 2 cos 2   4 cos   cos   2  0 or, (cos   2) (2 cos   1)  0
1 2
or 2cos   1  0 [ cos   2] or, cos     c os
2 3
2
   2n  , where n  0,  1,  2,.........
3
Example 14 :
Solve the equation ecos x = e–cos x + 4

Solution :
Given equation is ecos x = e–cos x + 4
1
or, z   4  0 , where ecosx = z (suppose)
z
2
or, z – 4z – 1 = 0
4  16  4.1(1)
 z
2
 z  2 5
 z  2 5
 ecos x = 2  5

  
cos x = log e 2  5  1 and is imposible

 no solution

Example 15 :
For what value of k the equation sin x + cos(k + x) + cos(k – x) = 2 has real solutions ?
Solution :
Given equation is sin x + cos(k + x) + cos(k – x) = 2
or sin x + 2 cos k . cos x = 2 or 2 cos x . cos x + sin x = 2
This equation is of the form a cos x + b sin x = c
Here a = 2 cos k, b = 1 and c = 2
Since for real solutions, | c |  a 2  b 2

 | 2 |  1  4 cos 2 k or 2  1  4 cos 2 k
3 1 1
 cos 2 k   sin 2 k   sin 2 k  0
4 4 4
 1  1 1 1
or  sin k    sin k    0    sin k 
 2  2 2 2
 
 n   k  n 
6 6
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1 :

1
If sinx + cosx = y  y , x [0, ] , then


(A) x = /4 (B) x =
2

(C) x = (D) x = 3/4
6
Solution:

1
y  2 and |sinx + cosx| 
y 2

1
Hence y +  2 and sinx + cosx = 2 , which is possible for y = 1, x = /4.
y
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 2 :
If x2– 4x + 5 – siny = 0, y[0, 2), then
(A) x = 1, y = 0 (B) x = 1, y = /2
(C) x = 2, y = 0 (D) x = 2, y = /2
Solution:
(x –2)2 + 1 = sin y
 x = 2, sin y = 1  x = 2, y = /2
Hence (D) is the correct answer

Example 3 :
The set of all x in (–, ) satisfying |4sinx – 1| < 5 is given by

  3    3 
(A)   ,  (B)  , 
 10 10   10 10 

 3 
(C)  ,   (D) none of these
 10 10 

Solution:
We have |4sinx–1| < 5  – 5 < 4sinx – 1 < 5
  5  1  5  1
 –  4   sin x   4 
   

 
 – sin  sin x  cos
10 5

   
 sin     sin x  sin   
 10  2 5

  3
 sin     sin x  sin
 10  10

  3 
 x   , 
 10 10 
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 4 :
The values of x between 0 and 2, which satisfy the equation sin x 8 cos 2 x  1 are in A.P. with
common difference
(A)/4 (B)/8
(C) 3/8 (D) 5/8
Solution:
We have sin x 8 cos 2 x  1
1
 sinx |cosx| =
2 2
Case –I
when cosx > 0
1
In this case sinx cosx =
2 2

1  3 9 13
 sin2x = +  2x  , , ,
2 4 4 4 4

 3 9 13
 x= , , ,
8 8 8 8
 3
As x lies between 0 and 2 and cos x > 0, x = ,
8 8
Case–II
1
When cosx < 0 . In this case sinx |cosx| =
2 2
 1 1
 sinx cosx =  or sin 2x  
2 2 2

5 7 13 15 5 7
 x= , , ,  x= , as cosx < 0
8 8 8 8 8 8

 3 5 7
Thus the values of x satisfying the given equation which lie between 0 and 2 are , , ,
8 8 8 8


These are in A.P. with common difference
4
Hence (A) is the correct answer.

Example 5 :
The number of points inside or on the circle x2 + y2 = 4 satisfying tan4x + cot4 x + 1 = 3 sin2y is
(A) one (B) two
(C) four (D) infinite
Solution:
tan4x + cot4x + 1 = (tan2x – cot2x)2 + 3  3
3sin2y  3  tan2 x = cot2x, sin2 y = 1
 tanx =  1, siny =  1  x =  /4,  3/4, …
But x2  4  –2  x  2  x =  /4 only
siny =  1  y =  /2,  3/2, …..
But y2  4  y =  /2 only
So four solutions are possible,
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 6 :
The equation 3sin2x + 10 cos x – 6 = 0 is satisfied if ( n  I )
(A) x = n + cos–1(1/3) (B) x = n – cos–1(1/3)
n
(C) x = 2n  cos–1 (1/3) (D) x = – cos–1 (1/3)
2
Solution:
The given equation is equivalent to
3(1 – cos2x) + 10 cos x – 6 = 0
 3cos2x – 10 cosx + 3 = 0  (3cosx –1) (cos x – 3) = 0
Therefore cos x = 1/3 (because cos x  3). Hence x = 2n  cos–1 (1/3), n  I
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
Example 7 :

The equation 2 sin x cos 2 x  2 sin x sin 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x has a root for which
2 2
(A) sin 2x = 1 (B) sin 2x = –1
(C) cos x = 1/2 (D) cos 2x = –1/2
Solution:
The given equation can be written as
x
2 sin (cos 2 x  sin 2 x )  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
2
x  x 
or 2 sin cos 2 x  cos 2 x   2 sin  1 cos 2 x  0
2  2 
Hence cos 2x = 0 or sin (x/2) = 1/2. That is , 2x = n + /2

or x/2 = k + (–1)k (n, k I). In other words,
6
n  
x  or x = 2k  + (–1)k
2 4 3
n  
If x =  , then sin 2x =  1, and if x = 2k + (–1)k ,
2 4 3
 1 2 1
cos x = cos  and cos 2x = cos 
3 2 3 2
Hence (D) is the correct answer.

Example 8 :
A solution of the equation (1 – tan) (1 + tan) sec2 + 2 tan 2  = 0 where  lies in the interval
(–/2, /2) is given by

(A)  = 0 (B)  
3
 
(C)  = (D)  
4 6
Solution:
2
(1 – tan) (1 + tan) sec2 + 2 tan 
0
8
 4
(1 – tan ) + 2 =0tan 2  y = 2t
t 2
1
2 =t –1 2
(where t = tan2 ) By inspection (or by graph) y = t –1
0 3 t
we find y = 2t and y = t2 – 1 intersect in t = 3
1
 tan2  = 3  tan =  3
  =  /3 as shown in the figure
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
Example 9 :
Number of solutions of the equation tanx + secx = 2 cosx lying in the interval [0, 2] is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Solution:
The given equation can be written as
1  sin x
= 2cosx  1 + sin x = 2 cos2 x = 2 (1 – sin2x)
cos x
 2sin2x + sinx – 1 = 0
 (1 + sinx) (2 sinx –1) = 0  sin x = – 1 or 1/2
3 1
Now sinx = – 1  x = for which the given equation is not meaningful and x =
2 2

 5
 x= or
6 6
 The required number of solutions are 2.
Hence (C) is the correct answer.

Example 10 :

  
The number of solutions of the equation 2cos = |sinx| ,     ,  is
 2 2
(A) zero (B) 2
(C) 4 (D) more than four
Solution:
We have 2cos = |sin x|
It is true only for |sin x| = 1
 sin x =  1
So, x = 2n  /2  x  [–2, 2]
  3  3
 x=– , , ,
2 2 2 2
Then the no. of solutions = 4.

Example 11 :
For what and only what values of  lying between 0 and  is the inequality,
sin  cos3  > sin3  cos  valid ?
   
(A)   0 ,  (B)   0 , 
 4  2

  
(C)   ,  (D) none of these
 4 2
Solution:
We have sin  cos3  > sin3  cos 
 sin cos (cos2   sin2 ) > 0
 sin cos (1  tan2 ) > 0
(  sin  > 0 for 0 <  < )
2
 cos  (1  tan ) > 0
 cos  > 0 and 1  tan2  > 0
 cos  < 0 and 1  tan2  < 0
   3 
   0 ,  or   , 
 4  4 

Example 12 :
tan x = tan x if :
  2 k  1 
(A) x     2 k  1 ,   k 
 
(B) x   k , 
 2  2 

  2 k  1    2 k  1 
(C) x     k ,   (D) x   ,  k , k  N
 2   2 
Solution:
R.H.S.  0 for all x, the given condition is true for those values of x which lie in the I or III
quadrant and the values of x given by A abd B satisfy these conditions.

Example 13 :
1
The number of solutions of the equation, cot x = cot x + (0  x  2) is :
sin x
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Solution:
If cot x > 0
1 1
then cot x = cot x    0 which is not possitive.
sin x sin x
Now if cot x < 0
1 2 cos x  1
then  cot x = cot x +  =0
sin x sin x
1
 cos x = 
2
2
 x = 2 n ± , n  I and 0  x  2
3
2 4 
 then x= ,
3 3
Example 14 :
The general solution of, sin x  3 sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x  3 cos 2x + cos 3x is
 n 
(A) n  + (B) 
8 2 8
 n    3
(C) ( 1)n   (D) 2 n  + cos 1  
 2 8  2

Solution:
sin x + sin 3x – 3 sin 2x = cos x + cos 3x – 3 cos 2x
 2 sin 2x cos x - 3 sin 2x = 2 cos 2x cos x - 3 cos 2x
 (2 cos x - 3) sin 2x = cos 2x (2 cos x - 3)
2 cos x - 3  0  tan 2x = 1
n
 x = 2  8