Scribd
Upload
34 views38 pages

8 APA Style

APA style is a formatting and citation style used widely in the social sciences. It provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources, and creating reference lists. Key aspects include double spacing, one-inch margins, and Times New Roman 12pt font. Citations appear either in parentheses or narratively and include the author's last name and year of publication. Reference list entries contain the author, date, title, and source type. Social media citations include the username and URL. Scribbr provides free citation and style resources.

Uploaded by

yoriichi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views38 pages

8 APA Style

APA style is a formatting and citation style used widely in the social sciences. It provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources, and creating reference lists. Key aspects include double spacing, one-inch margins, and Times New Roman 12pt font. Citations appear either in parentheses or narratively and include the author's last name and year of publication. Reference list entries contain the author, date, title, and source type. Social media citations include the username and URL. Scribbr provides free citation and style resources.

Uploaded by

yoriichi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

APA Style

(by Scribbr)

DARRYL G. BAYONA
Teacher, Practical Research 1
APA Style
An introduction to formatting and citation
What is APA Style?

● APA = American Psychological Association


● Based on the APA Publication Manual
● The 7th edition is the latest, published in 2019
● Used widely, especially in the social sciences
● Provides guidelines for language, formatting, and citations
APA format guidelines
General formatting

● Times New Roman 12 pt, Calibri 11 pt, Arial 11 pt, etc.


● Double line spacing
● One-inch (2.54 cm) margins
● Page number in the top right
● Running head in the top left (if submitting for publication)
Levels of heading
Title page
Tables and figures
In-text citations
In-text citation

● short acknowledgement

● within the main body of the text


● included whenever you quote or take information from

a source in academic writing


Basic in-text citation format

Parenthetical citation
It is important to avoid plagiarism in academic writing (Smith, 2020, p.
15).

Narrative citation
Smith (2020, p. 15) states that it is important to avoid plagiarism in
academic writing.

*Include page number if relevant


Multiple authors

Parenthetical citation Narrative citation

1 author (Smith, 2020) Smith (2020)

2 authors (Smith & Jones, 2020) Smith and Jones (2020)

3+ authors (Smith et al., 2020) Smith et al. (2020)


Missing information

No author (Scribbr, 2020)


(“Statistical analysis,” 2020)

No date (Smith, n.d.)

No page numbers (Smith, 2020, para. 10)


Combining citations

X (Smith, 2020) (Jones, 2015) (McCombes et al., 2017)

✓ (Jones, 2015; McCombes et al., 2017; Smith, 2020)


Secondary Source (Indirect Citation)

● when the ideas of one author are published in


another author’s text
● you have not read or accessed the original author’s
work
● Include both the original author and year and the author and year of
the work where quote/idea was found in the in-text reference.
● Add "as cited in" before the author in the in-text reference. For
example - (Harris, 2009, as cited in Lewis, 2019).
● In the reference list, provide the details of the work in which you
found the quotation or idea.
Secondary Source (Indirect Citation)
The reference list
Reference or no reference?

Page on a website Interview you


conducted
Article from an
academic journal
Email from an expert
Book used as
background reading Chapter from a book
that you cited
PowerPoint slides
from a lecture Facebook status
✓ Reference X No reference ? It depends…
required required

Page on a website Interview you conducted Facebook status

Book Email Lecture slides

Article from an academic Background reading


journal
Format of the reference page
Components of a reference entry

1. Author
2. Date
3. Title
4. Source
The author component
One author Anderson, B.

Multiple authors Andreff, W., Staudohar, P. D., & LaBrode, M.

Corporate author Scribbr.

With username Obama, B. [@BarackObama].

With specific role Scott, R. (Director).


The date component
Year only (books and journals) (2020).

Full date (web pages, newspapers, (2020, November 20).


online videos)

No publication date available (n.d.).

Retrieval date for online sources Retrieved December 3, 2020, from …


that are continually updated
The title component

Italics for standalone Statistical methods for psychology.


sources (books, films)

Plain text for sources The evolving European model of sports finance.
within sources (articles,
chapters, web pages)

Square brackets to [Photograph of a wren].


describe untitled sources
The source component

Book publisher Verso.

Journal issue Journal of Sports Economics, 1(3), 257–276.


https://doi.org./10.1177/152700250000100304

Website BBC News.


https://www.bbc.com/news/health-54531075

Physical location Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.


The full reference entry
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and
spread of nationalism. Verso.

Andreff, W., & Staudohar, P. D. (2000). The evolving European model of


professional sports finance. Journal of Sports Economics, 1(3),
257–276. https://doi.org./10.1177/152700250000100304

Rowlatt, J. (2020, October 19). Could cold water hold a clue to a


dementia cure? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-
54531075
How to cite social media content in APA Style?

To cite a public post from social media, use the first 20


words of the post as a title, include the date it was posted
and a URL, and mention the author’s username if they have
one:

Dorsey, J. [@jack]. (2018, March 1). We’re committing Twitter to help increase
the collective health, openness, and civility of public conversation,
and to hold ourselves publicly [Tweet]. Twitter.
https://twitter.com/jack/status/969234275420655616
How to cite social media content in APA Style?

To cite content from social media that is not publicly


accessible (e.g. direct messages, posts from private groups
or user profiles), cite it as a personal communication in the
text, but do not include it in the reference list:

When contacted online, the minister stated that the project was
proceeding “according to plan” (R. James, Twitter direct message, March 25,
2017).
How to
cite social
media
content in
APA Style?
Scribbr citation generator
Free APA citation generator:
• https://www.scribbr.com/citation/generator/apa/
Free APA citation generator:
• https://www.scribbr.com/citation/generator/
Recommended
resources
Free Scribbr resources
● Knowledge Base (300+ articles)
● Citation Generator
● YouTube Channel

Other resources
● Buy the APA Manual
● Check out the APA Style Blog
Hi, we’re Scribbr 👋

We are a team of 60 people in Amsterdam, and we partner with more than 500
freelance editors across the globe to help students graduate and become better
academic writers.

Every day, we work hard on our Proofreading & Editing service, Plagiarism Checker,
Citation Generator, Knowledge Base and educational YouTube channel.
Guidelines for using this presentation
This presentation can be freely used and modified for educational purposes. You
may:

✓ Display this presentation in a classroom environment


✓ Modify or delete slides
✓ Distribute this presentation in print or in private student environments (e.g.
Moodle, BlackBoard, Google Classroom)

Please do give credit to Scribbr for creating this resource.

Questions or feedback? Email [email protected] and we’ll be in touch!

You might also like