Problem Set No.

6
1. At a men`s clothing store, 12 men purchased blue golf sweaters, 8 purchased green sweaters, 4
purchased gray sweaters, and 7 bought black sweaters. If a customer is selected at random, find
the probability that he purchased.
a. A blue sweater. Sweaters’ Purchased
b. A green or a gray sweater. N
Colors Frequency
c. A green or black or blue sweater. o
d. A sweater that was not black. 1 Blue Golf 12
f 12
a. P (Blue) = = × 100 = 38.71% 2 Green Golf 8
n 31
f 8+4 3 Gray Golf 4
b. P (Green or Gray) = = × 100 = 38.71% 4 Black 7
n 31
f 12+7 19 Total 31
c. P (Black or Blue) = = = × 100 = 61.29%
n 31 31
7 24
d. P (All except Black Sweater) = 1 – P (Black) = 1 – = ×100 = 77.42%
31 31
2. The probability that a person owns a microwave oven is 0.75, which a person owns a compact
disk player is 0.25, and that a person owns both a microwave and a CD player, 0.16. Find the
probability that a person owns either a microwave or a CD player, but not both.
Probability Microwave = 0.75
Probability Compact Disk = 0.25
Probability Microwave + CD = 0.16
Probability Microwave or CD player = P (M) + P (CD) – P (M + CD)
Probability Microwave or CD player = 0.75 + 0.25 – 0.16 = 0.84
3. Of the physics graduates of a university, 30% received a starting salary of $30,000 or more. If 5
of the graduates are selected at random, find the probability that all had a starting salary of
$30,000 or more.
If P = 0.3 for each person then,
5
30 30 30 30 30 243× 10
Probability for 5 people = (0.3)5 or = × × × × = 10 × 100
100 100 100 100 100 1 ×10
=>
243
Probability for 5 people = = 0.243%
1000
4. Five cards are drawn from an ordinary deck without replacement. Find the probability of
getting
a. All red cards.
b. All diamonds.
c. All aces.
26 25 24 23 22 7893600
a. P (All Red Card) = ( × × × × ) × 100 = × 100 = 0.0253 × 100
52 51 50 49 48 311875200
= 2.53%
26 !
26 C5 (26−5)! ×5 ! 78936
P (All Red Card) = × 100 = × 100 = × 100 = 2.53%
52C 5 52 ! 3118752
(52−5)! ×5 !
 13 12 11 10 9 15444
b. P (All Dia Card) = ( × × × × ) × 100 = × 100 =0.000495×100
52 51 50 49 48 31187520
= 0.495%
13 !
13C 5 (13−5)! ×5 ! 15444
P (All Dia Card) = × 100 = × 100 = × 100 = 0.000495×100 =
52C 5 52 ! 31187520
(52−5)! ×5 !
0.495%
4 3 2 1 0 0
c. P (All Aces Card) = ( × × × × ) × 100 = × 100 =>
52 51 50 49 48 311875200
4 !× 48
4C4 ( 4−4)! × 4 ! 48
P (All Aces Card) = × 100 = × 100 = × 100 = 0.000185×100 =
52C 5 52 ! 2598960
(52−5)! × 5 !
0.185%
5. The probability that Samantha will be accepted by the college of her choice and obtain a
scholarship is 0.35. If the probability that is accepted by the college is 0.65, find the probability
that she will obtain a scholarship given that she is accepted by the college.
P (COL + SCH) = P (COL) × P (COL I SCH) =>
0.35
0.35 = 0.65 × P (COL I SCH) = × 100 =>
0.65
P (COL I SCH) = 53.85 %
6. The probability that a customer will buy a car and an extended warranty is 0.16. If the
probability that a customer will purchase a car is 0.30, find the probability that the customer
will also purchase the extended warranty.
P (CAR + E-WAR) = P (CAR) × P (CAR I E-WAR) =>
0.16
0.16 = 0.30 × P (CAR I E-WAR) = × 100 =>
0.30
P (CAR I E-WAR) = 53.33 %
7. Of the members of the Spring Lake Bowling Lanes, 57% have a lifetime membership and bowl
regularly (3 or more times a week). If 70% of the club members bowl regularly, find the
probability that a randomly selected member is a lifetime member, given that he or she bowls
regularly.
P (Life + Bowl) = P (Bowl) × P (Bowl I Life) =>
0.57
0.57 = 0.70 × P (CAR I E-WAR) = × 100 =>
0.7
P (Bowl I Life) = 81.43 %
8. The probability that Mike has to work overtime and it rains is 0.028. Mike hears the weather
forecast, and there is a 50% chance of rain. Find the probability that he will have to work
overtime, given that is rains.
P (Work + Rain) = P (Work) × P (Rain I Work) =>
0.028
0.028 = 0.50 × P (Rain I Work) = × 100 =>
0.5
P (Rain I Work) = 5.60 %
9. At a large factory, the employees were surveyed and classified according to their level of
education and whether they attend a sports event at least once a month. The data are shown
in the table.
Education Level
Sports events High School graduate Two-year college degree Four-year college degree Total
Attend 16 20 24 60
Do not attend 12 19 25 56
Total 28 39 49 116
If an employee is selected at random, find the probability that
a. The employee attends sports events regularly, given that he or she graduated from college (2-or-
4-year degree).
b. Given that the employee is a high school graduate, he or she does not attend sports events
regularly.
a. P (2 years or 4 years) = 1 – P (High) =>
24 60−16 44
P (2 years or 4 years) = (1 – ) × 100 = ( ) × 100 = ( ) × 100 = 73.33%
60 60 60
b. P (High) = 1 – P (2 years / 4 years) =>
25 19 56−(25+19) 12
P (High) = (1 – + ) × 100 = ( ) × 100 = ( ) × 100 = 21.43%
56 56 56 56

10. In a certain high-risk group, the chance of a person having suffered a heart attack are 55%. If 6
people are chosen, find the probability that at least1 will have had a heart attack.
Heart Attack = 55% = 0.55
No Heart Attack = 1 – HA = 0.45
P (1 Person HA) = 1 – (HA) 6 = 1 – (0.45)6 = {1 – 0.0083} × 100 = (0.9917) × 100 =>
P (1 Person HA) = 99.17%
11. A single die is rolled 4 times. Find the probability of getting at least one 5.
5
P (Not rolled 5) =
6
5
P (Not rolled 5) = ( ) 4 = (0.8333) 4 = 0.4823 =>
6
P (Rolled 5) = 1 – P (Not rolled 5) = {1 – 0.4823} × 100 = (0.5187) × 100 =>
P (Rolled 5) = 51.87%
12. If 85% of all people have brown eyes and 6 people are selected at random, find the probability
that at least 1 of them has brown eyes.
P (Brawn Eyes) = 85% = 0.85
P (No Brawn Eyes) = 1 – P (Brawn Eyes) = 0.15
P (1 Brawn Eyes) = 1 – P (Brawn Eyes) 6 = 1 – (0.15)6 = {1 – 0.0000114} ×100 = 0.9999× 100
P (1 Brawn Eyes) = 99.99%
13. How many ways can 5 sopranos and 4 altos be selected from 7 sopranos and 9 altos?
5 Sopranos choose from 7 Sopranos = 7C5
4 Altos choose from 9 Altos = 9C4
7! 7 ×6 ×5 ! 42
7C5 = = = = 21
(7−5)!5 ! 2 ×1 ×5 ! 2
9! 9 ×8 ×7 × 6 ×5 ! 3024
9C4 = = = = 126
(9−4 )! 4 ! 4 × 3 ×2 ×1 ×5 ! 24
So, 7C5 × 9C4 is the answer = 21 × 126 = 2646
14. How many different ways can 8 speakers be seated on a stage?
 Ways = 8! = 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 40320
15. A soda machine servicer mush restock and collect money from 15 machines, each one at a
different location. How many ways can she select 4 machines to service in 1 day?
4 Machines choose from 15 Sopranos = 15C4
15 ! 15× 14 ×13 ×12 ×11 ! 32760
15C4 = = = = 32760
(15−4)! 11! 1
16. One company`s ID cards consist of 5 letters followed by 2 digits. How many cards can be made
if repetitions are allowed? If repetitions are not allowed?
5 Letter choose from 26 Letters = 26N5
2 Digit choose from 10 Digits = 10N2
26 ! 10 ! 26 ×25 ×24 × 23 ×22 ×21! 10 ×9 × 8 !
26N5 × 10N2 = × = × =>
(26−5)! (10−2)! 21 ! 8!
26N5 × 10N2 = 7893600 × 90 = 710424000

17. How many different arrangements of the letters in the word “number” can be made?
Arrangements of NUMBER = 6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720
18. A physics test consists of 25 true/false questions. How many different possible answer keys
can be made?
Possible Key = (2)25 = 33554432

19. How many different ways can 4 radios be selected from total of 7 radios?
4 Radios choose from 7 Radios = 7C4
7! 7 ×6 ×5 × 4 ! 210
7C4 = = = = 35
(7−4 )! 4 ! 4 ! ×3 ! 6
20. On a lunch counter, there are 3 orange, 5 apples, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are
selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.
1 Orange choose from 3 Oranges = 3C1
1 Apple choose from 5 Apples = 5C1
1 Banana choose from 2 Bananas = 2C1
3C 1∙ 5 C 1∙ 2 C 1 3! 5! 2 ! (10−3)! ×3 !
P (Orange, Apple, Banana) = = × × × =
10C 3 (3−1) ! (5−1)! 1 ! 10 !
3× 5 ×2 ×6
=>
10× 9 ×8
180
P (Orange, Apple, Banana) = ( ) × 100 = 0.25 × 100 = 25%
720
21. A cruise director schedules 4 different movies, 2 bridge games, and 3 tennis games for a 2-day
period. If a couple selects 3 activities, find the probability that they attend 2 movies and 1
tennis game.
2 Movies choose from 4 Movies = 4C2
1 Tennis Games choose from 3 Tennis Games = 3C1
4 C 2∙ 3C 1 4! 3! (9−3)! ×3 ! 4 × 3× 3 ×6
P (2 Movies, 1 Tennis) = = × × =
9C3 ( 4−2) ! ×2 ! (3−1) ! 9! 2 ×9 × 8× 7
=>
216
P (2 Movies, 1 Tennis) = ( ) × 100 = 0.2143 × 100 = 21.43%
1008
22. At a sorority meeting, there are 6 seniors, 4 juniors, and 2 sophomores. If a committee of 3 is
to be formed, find the probability that one of each will be selected.
1 Senior choose from 6 Senior = 6C1
1 Junior choose from 4 Apples = 4C1
1 sophomore choose from 2 sophomores = 2C1
6 C 1∙ 4 C 1∙ 2 C 1 6! 4! 2 ! (12−3) !×3 !
P (Senior, Junior, sophomore) = = × × × =
12 C 3 (6−1)! (4−1)! 1 ! 12 !
6 × 4 ×2 ×6
=>
12×11 ×10
180
P (Orange, Apple, Banana) = ( ) × 100 = 0.2181 × 100 = 21.81%
720