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The Cell: Exercise 2

The document provides information about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their structures, and differences between them. It labels diagrams of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and lists the functions of major cell organelles. Key differences highlighted are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes have these structures. The document also differentiates between medically important microorganisms based on their nucleic acids, ribosomes, reproduction mechanisms and other characteristics.

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Jasmine Nicole Enriquez
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881 views5 pages

The Cell: Exercise 2

The document provides information about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their structures, and differences between them. It labels diagrams of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and lists the functions of major cell organelles. Key differences highlighted are that prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes have these structures. The document also differentiates between medically important microorganisms based on their nucleic acids, ribosomes, reproduction mechanisms and other characteristics.

Uploaded by

Jasmine Nicole Enriquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 2

The Cell

1. Differentiate eukaryotic cell from prokaryotic cell.

FEATURES EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL

Nucleus with nuclear - Absent - Present and


membrane - Instead, have a membrane-bound
nucleoid that is devoid
of the membrane

DNA-associated histones - Circular, double- - Linear


stranded - Double stranded
- Found freely in the - Found within the
cytoplasm nucleus
- Naked (not bound to - Bound to histone
proteins) proteins
- Little repetitive DNA - A large amount of
and no introns repetitive DNA and
introns

Membrane-bound organelles - They have membrane- - They have no


bound organelles membrane-bound
organelles

Cell wall - Present in plants and - Present in all


fungi prokaryotes

Reproduction - Both asexual and - Mostly sexual


sexual

2. Label the parts:


1. Prokaryotic Cell

Cytoplasm

Pili
Flagellum

Nucleoid

Ribosomes
Capsule

Cell wall
Mesosome

Plasma Membrane

2. Eukaryotic Cell

nucleus nucleolus
chromosomes
mitochondrion

ribosomes

vacuole
nuclear
membrane

endoplasmic
reticulum cytoplasm

cell membrane
3. Indicate the function/s of each of the following parts oflysosome
the cell
CELL PART FUNCTION

Nucleus The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as


the information processing and administrative center of the
cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the
cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the
cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary
metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell
division).

Nucleolus The nucleolus is the most conspicuous domain in the


eukaryotic cell nucleus, whose main function is ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. However,
there is growing evidence that the nucleolus is also
implicated in many other aspects of cell biology, such as
regulation of cell cycle, growth and development,
senescence, telomerase activity, gene silencing, responses to
biotic and abiotic stresses.

Cell wall Cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. All cells
have cell membranes, but generally only plants, fungi,
algae, most bacteria, and archaea have cells with cell walls.
It supports the contents of the cell and protects from
pathogen attack and wear and tear; It also gives the cell its
shape and allows the organism to maintain a certain shape
overall

Cell membrane Cell membrane gives the cell its structure and regulates the
materials that enter and leave the cell. It is a selectively
permeable barrier, meaning it allows some substances to
cross, but not others; it also plays an important role in cell
signaling and communication. The membrane contains
several embedded proteins that can bind molecules found
outside of the cell and pass on messages to the inside of the
cell.

Mitochondria Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of


the cell. They help turn the energy we take from food into
energy that the cell can use. But, there is more to
mitochondria than energy production. Present in nearly all
types of human cell, mitochondria are vital to our survival.
They generate the majority of our adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), the energy currency of the cell.

Ribosomes A ribosome is a cellular particle made of RNA and protein


that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell. The
ribosome reads the sequence of the messenger RNA
(mRNA) and, using the genetic code, translates the
sequence of RNA bases into a sequence of amino acids.

Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum creates, packages, and secretes


many of the products created by a cell; contains special
membrane-embedded proteins that stabilize its structure
and curvature;

Golgi apparatus The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting,


modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles
for delivery to targeted destinations. It is located in the
cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the
cell nucleus.

Lysosomes Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They


break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be
used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is
damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-
destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or
apoptosis.

4. Differentiate the medically important organisms

CHARACTERISTI BACTERIA FUNGI VIRUSES PROTOZOA ALGAE


CS

Type of nucleus Prokaryotic Eukaryotic None Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Outer covering Rigid wall Rigid wall Protein Flexible Cell wall
containing containing capsid and membrane containing cellulose
peptidoglycan chitin lipoprotein or silicon dioxide
Nucleic acid present Both RNA and Both RNA Either Both RNA Both RNA and
DNA and DNA RNA or and DNA DNA
DNA

Ribosome 70S 80S Absent 80S 70S

Mitochondria Absent Present Absent Present Present

Type of Binary Fission Budding Non- Mitosis Vegetative reprodu


reproduction or Mitosis Binary ction
fission asexual reproducti
on 
and sexual
reproduction

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