Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences

ISSN: 0252-2667 (Print) 2169-0103 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tios20

Design of prototype model for irrigation based

decision support system

Vaibhav Bhatnagar & Ramesh C. Poonia

To cite this article: Vaibhav Bhatnagar & Ramesh C. Poonia (2018) Design of prototype model for
irrigation based decision support system, Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 39:7,
1607-1612, DOI: 10.1080/02522667.2018.1507763

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2018.1507763

Published online: 22 Oct 2018.

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Journal of Information & Optimization Sciences
ISSN 0252-2667 (Print), ISSN 2169-0103 (Online)
Vol. 39 (2018), No. 7, pp. 1607–1612
DOI : 10.1080/02522667.2018.1507763

Design of prototype model for irrigation based decision support

system

Vaibhav Bhatnagar *
Amity Institute of Information Technology
Amity University
Jaipur 303002
Rajasthan
India

Ramesh C. Poonia
Amity Institute of Information Technology
Amity University
Jaipur 303002
Rajasthan
India

Abstract
Irrigation is the prime factor of successful yielding of the crop. Applying Irrigation
with net crop requirement is very important because under and over irrigation is always
harmful for the crop. In this paper, we are proposing a prototype model that will depict
how much water is to be irrigated at the current time. This work will be useful for farmers,
agriculture scientists etc.

Subject Classification: (2010) 68M12

Keywords: Decision support system, Smart irrigation system, Precision agriculture, Wireless sensor,
Crop water need, Smart phone.

1. Introduction
India is a country that is heavily depended upon agriculture.
Agriculture contributes around 17 % of total Gross Domestic Product.
Irrigation plays a vital role in yielding of crops. Under and over both
Irrigation is harmful for the crop it gives economic loss to the farmer.

*E-mail:  [email protected]

©
1608 V. BHATNAGAR AND R. C. POONIA

Since Irrigation varies from crop to crop, it is hard to provide the net
requirement of irrigation to the crop. There are so many factors that affect
the irrigation like

 Type of Crop
 Stage of Crop
 Climate
 Evapotranspiration
 Soil Moisture
 Effective Rainfall

Considering each and every factor for farmer is not possible, so we

are proposing a prototype model that will exhibits how much the crop
water is required at present time. This model will be useful for agriculture
scientist, farmers and research scholars.

2. Literature Review
In the year 2004, Anna Perini and Angelo Susi [1], have developed a
decision support system for production in agriculture. They developed
a software agent for pheromones sex trapping plant on multi orchard
scenario using Tropos
In the next year 2005, Zakir Laliwala et.al [2] designed Event Driven
based Agriculture Information System which, was based on Semantics and
Rules. It was a Three Layer Architecture named as Information Provider,
Event & Notification and WS Client.
In the Year 2008, Feng Yang and Shaoming Li [3] have developed
Smart Phone based Information Support System for maze variety. It was
also a Three Layer Architecture having database, web server and smart
phone based user interface.
In the year 2009, Y kim and R.G. Evans [4] have developed a software
named as WISC (Wireless in Field Sensor and Control). This system was
designed for real time monitoring of field data and sprinkle control.
Further, more work has been done in this field with similar technology so
we are not discussing here.
In the year 2015, E. Giusti and S. Marsilli- Libelli [5] used artificial
intelligence for developing irrigation based decision support system. It
was fuzzy system based model developed with objective of enhancing the
PROTOTYPE MODEL FOR IRRIGATION 1609

performance of existing irrigation models. This system was tested with

IRRINET database and found the prominent results.
Finally yet importantly, A.C. Bartlett et.al [6] designed a mobile
application for irrigation scheduling. This application cloud based and
named as WISE (Water Irrigation Scheduling for Efficient Application)
that used soil water balance method and data queries from Colorado
Agricultural Meteorological Network (CoAgMet). This mobile application
is useful for irrigation managers, agriculture producer and agriculture
scientist.

3. Requirement Gathering for the Proposed Architecture

Identifying the net crop water need is a typical process, so we will use
literature of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [7].
The procedure of Irrigation is as follow
As we have seen above that, so many factors affect the Irrigation. Our
aim is to develop an architecture that takes minimum input from user (in
this case user is farmer). Below we are mentioning the sources of input
that will built the proposed Decision Support System.

4. Proposed Model for Irrigation based Decision Support System

In the above section, we have mentioned the sources of Inputs that
will be required for designing of the system. The proposed model is a
Three Layer Architecture that made the successful designing of the system
i.e. Input Layer, Software Agent and Output Layer.
Input Layer: This layer is responsible for taking input from various
sources like Wireless Sensors that are implant in the farmers, External
APIs (Application Program Interface) and External Web Services. Wireless
Sensors are used because farmer need not to visit his long field.
Software Agent: This layer is responsible for development of Decision
Support System based on inputs and with the help of Crop Water Need
literature provided by Food and Agriculture Organization.
Output Layer: Output layer is responsible for displaying the output
to the user screen.
The prominent feature of this proposed Decision Support System is
that it is based on real time inputs provided by wireless sensors, Weather
APIs that provide current and reliable data. The static data like Total
growing period, Mean Daily percentage of Annual Day Time Hour for
Different Latitudes will be saved to a server and provided to the client
1610 V. BHATNAGAR AND R. C. POONIA

Table 1
Procedure of Net Water Need

Step Input
Output
Number Input one Operation Input two
Reference Crop
Reference Evapotranspiration
Step 1 Climate And
Crop
(ET0)
Crop Crop Water Need
Step 2 ET0 X Factor
(ETcrop)
(Kc)
Effective
Step 3 ETcrop – Irrigation Water Need
Rainfall
Irrigation Soil Net Water to be
Step 4 –
Water Need Moisture Applied

Table 2
Sources of Input

S.N. Parameter Sources of Inputs

1 Climate Weather APIs
Evapotranspiration ( Using Blaney Weather APIs and Web Service
2
– Criddle Method) from External Website
Web Service from External
3 Crop Factor
Website
4 Effective Rainfall Web Service from IMD
5 Soil Moisture Wireless Moisture Sensor

Figure 1
Prototype Model of Decision Support System
PROTOTYPE MODEL FOR IRRIGATION 1611

module through web services. However, no cloud storage is provided

so that poor farmers need not to pay for that, data will be stored in the
farmer’s PDA only.

5. Conclusion and Future Work

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the human being.
Agriculture contributes heavy component in GDP of India. Irrigation is
the main component for growth of crop. Farmers always face problem to
identify the net requirement of water for crop. Over and under irrigation
may collapse the crop that can be heavy economic loss to the farmer. Crop
water need is affected by various parameters like Climate, Physiology of
Crop, and soil moisture, for this reason farmer is not able to identify and
apply adequate amount of water to the crop. In order to combat with this
serious issue, we proposed a prototype model that exhibits the net water
need to the farmer. This Decision Support System takes input from various
weather APIS, external web services and wireless sensor and provide
current time crop water need to the farmer. In Future we will implement
this proposed decision support System in an Android Application that
will depict the net water need to the farmer in very user friendly form.

References

[1] Perini, Anna, and Angelo Susi. “Developing a decision support sys-
tem for integrated production in agriculture.” Environmental Model-
ling & Software 19.9 (2004): 821-829.
[2] Laliwala, Zakir, Vikram Sorathia, and Sanjay Chaudhary. “Semantic
and rule based event-driven services-oriented agricultural recom-
mendation system.” Distributed Computing Systems Workshops,
2006. ICDCS Workshops 2006. 26th IEEE International Conference
on. IEEE, 2006.
[3] Yang, Feng, and Shaoming Li. “Development of information sup-
port system for the application of new maize variety based on smart-
phone.” International Conference on Computer and Computing
Technologies in Agriculture. Springer, Boston, MA, 2007.
[4] Giusti, Elisabetta, and Stefano Marsili-Libelli. “A Fuzzy Decision
Support System for irrigation and water conservation in agriculture.”
Environmental Modelling & Software 63 (2015): 73-86.
1612 V. BHATNAGAR AND R. C. POONIA

[5] Bartlett, A. C., et al. “A smartphone app to extend use of a cloud-

based irrigation scheduling tool.” Computers and Electronics in Agri-
culture 111 (2015): 127-130.
[6] Chapter 1: Introduction, www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e05.
htm#TopOfPage. Accessed 10 Jan. 2017
[7] Wen, Yuan-Feng. “An agent-based decision support system for solv-
ing the dynamic location and distribution problem using multi-crite-
ria decision models.” Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 12.1
(2009): 1-12

Received November, 2017

Revised June, 2018