Scribd
Upload
114 views4 pages

Synthetic Division and Remainder Theorem PDF

1) The Division Algorithm can be used to divide polynomials and write the result as a quotient and remainder. Synthetic division provides a method to efficiently divide a polynomial by a linear factor (x - k). 2) The Remainder Theorem states that the remainder from dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x - k) is equal to f(k). This allows using synthetic division to evaluate a polynomial function. 3) The Factor Theorem states that a polynomial f(x) has (x - k) as a factor if and only if f(k) = 0. This provides a method for factoring polynomials.

Uploaded by

Prapatsorn Suppaleksakul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
114 views4 pages

Synthetic Division and Remainder Theorem PDF

1) The Division Algorithm can be used to divide polynomials and write the result as a quotient and remainder. Synthetic division provides a method to efficiently divide a polynomial by a linear factor (x - k). 2) The Remainder Theorem states that the remainder from dividing a polynomial f(x) by (x - k) is equal to f(k). This allows using synthetic division to evaluate a polynomial function. 3) The Factor Theorem states that a polynomial f(x) has (x - k) as a factor if and only if f(k) = 0. This provides a method for factoring polynomials.

Uploaded by

Prapatsorn Suppaleksakul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

2.

3 – Polynomial and Synthetic Division


Long Division of Polynomials
Division of Polynomials – Dividing polynomials are especially valuable in factoring and
finding the zeros of functions.

Example 1 – Long Division of Polynomials


Use long division to divide, and use the result to factor the polynomial completely.
A) (6x3 – 19x2 + 16x – 4) ÷ (x – 2) B) (6x3 + 10x2 + x + 8) ÷ (2x2 + 1)

The Division Algorithm


 In example 1, x – 2 is a factor of the polynomial 6x3 – 19x2 + 16x – 4, and the
long division process produces a remainder of zero. Often, long division will
produce a nonzero remainder. For instance, if you divide x2 + 3x + 5 by x + 1,
you obtain the following:
x +2
x + 1 x  3x  5
2

x2 + x
2x + 5
2x + 2
3 Remainder
In fractional form, you can write this result as follows:
x 2  3x  5 3
 x2
x 1 x 1
Division Algorithm
In example 1, x – 2 is a factor of the polynomial 6x3 – 19x2 + 16x – 4, and the long division
process produces a remainder of zero. Often, long division will produce a nonzero remainder.
For instance, if you divide x2 + 3x + 5 by x + 1, you obtain the following:
x + 2
x  1 x 2  3x  5
– (x2 + x)
2x + 5
– (2x + 2)
3
1) Division Algorithm can be written in two ways:
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑟(𝑥)
f (x) = d (x) * q (x) + r (x) or = 𝑞(𝑥) +
𝑑(𝑥) 𝑑(𝑥)

2) Before applying the Division Algorithm, follow these steps:


• Write the dividend and divisor in descending powers of the variable.
• Insert placeholders with zero coefficients for missing powers of the variable.

Example 2 – Long Division of Polynomials


Divide x3 – 1 by x – 1

Example 3 – Long Division of Polynomials


Divide 2x4 + 4x3 – 5x2 + 3x – 2 by x2 + 2x – 3.
Synthetic Division
To divide ax3 + bx2 + cx + d by x – k, use the following pattern:

k a b c d Coefficients of dividend

ka

a r Remainder

• Vertical pattern: Add terms


• Diagonal pattern: Multiply by k.
• Synthetic division works only for divisors of the form x – k. You cannot use synthetic
division to divide a polynomial by a quadratic such as x2 – 3.

Example 4 – Using Synthetic Division


Use synthetic Division to divide x4 – 10x2 – 2x + 4 by x + 3

The Remainder and Factor Theorems


If a polynomial f (x) is divided by x – k, the remainder is r = f (k).

The remainder theorem tells that synthetic division can be used to evaluate a polynomial
function. That is, to evaluate a polynomial function f (x) when x = k, divide f (x) by x – k. The
remainder will be f (k).
Example 5 – Using the Remainder Theorem
Use the remainder theorem to evaluate the following function at x = -2
f (x) = 3x3 + 8x2 + 5x – 7

Factor Theorem
You can test to see whether a polynomial has (x – k) as a factor by evaluating the polynomial at
x = k. If the result is 0, (x – k) is a factor.
• A polynomial f (x) has a factor (x – k) if and only if f (k) = 0.

Example 6 – Factoring a Polynomial: Repeated Division


Show that (x – 2) and (x + 3) are factors of f (x) = 2x4 + 7x3 – 4x2 – 27x – 18. Then find the
remaining factors.

Uses of the Remainder in Synthetic Division


The remainder r gives the value of f at x = k. That is r = f(x).

If r = 0, (x – k) is a factor of f(x).

If r = 0, (k, 0) is an x-intercept of the graph of f.

You might also like