LEARNING MODULE

Subject Code: MATH 5 Differential Calculus

Module Code: 6.0 Applications of the Derivative
Lesson Code: 6.3.2 Increasing/Decreasing Functions and the First Derivative Test
(Part 2 of 2)
Time Limit: 30 minutes

NAVIGATE TA: 15 minutes ATA:

PRACTICE EXERCISES (Nongraded)

A. Given the graph below, answer the questions that follow.

Graph made with GeoGebra Classic (Hohenwarter, 2020)

1. On which interval/s is the function increasing? On which interval/s is it decreasing?

2. What are the relative extrema values of the function (if there are any)?

Math 5 | Page 1 of 5
B. Given the function 𝑓, a) determine the first derivative 𝑓 ′, b) solve for the critical number/s
(if there are any), c) produce a table of signs, and d) determine the intervals at which 𝑓 is
increasing or decreasing.

𝑥+1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑥−1

C. Given the function 𝑓, a) determine the first derivative 𝑓 ′, b) solve for the critical number/s
(if there are any), c) produce a table of signs, and d) determine the relative extrema values
of 𝑓.

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = sin2 (x) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

KNOT TA: 15 minutes ATA:

IN A NUTSHELL
In this lesson, we have learned about some important applications of derivatives: examining
the intervals at which a function is increasing or decreasing and determining the local extrema
of a function using the first derivative test.

In particular, some of the important concepts are as follows:

1. The increasing/decreasing test indicates that (Stewart, 2016):
a) If 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) > 0 on some interval, then 𝑓 is increasing on that interval.
b) If 𝑓 ′(𝑥 ) < 0 on some interval, then 𝑓 is decreasing on that interval.
2. Fermat’s theorem says that if 𝑓 has a local minimum or maximum at a number 𝑥0 and
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) exists, then 𝑓 ′(𝑥0 ) = 0 (Stewart, 2016).
3. The first derivative test indicates that given a critical number 𝑥0 of a continuous
function 𝑓, we find that (Stewart, 2016):
a) If 𝑓 ′ changes signs from positive to negative at 𝑥0 , then 𝑓 has a local maximum at
𝑥0 .
b) If 𝑓 ′ changes signs from negative to positive at 𝑥0 , then 𝑓 has a local minimum at
𝑥0 .
c) If 𝑓 ′ does not change signs at 𝑥0 , then there is no local extremum at 𝑥0 .

Math 5 | Page 2 of 5
GRADED EXERCISES

A. Given the graph below, answer the questions that follow.

Graph made with GeoGebra Classic (Hohenwarter, 2020)

1. On which interval/s is the function increasing? On which interval/s is it decreasing?

2. What are the relative extrema values of the function (if there are any)?

B. Given the function 𝑓, a) determine the first derivative 𝑓 ′, b) solve for the critical number/s
(if there are any), c) produce a table of signs, and d) determine the intervals at which 𝑓 is
increasing or decreasing.

1 5 7 3
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2
5 3

C. Given the function 𝑓, a) determine the first derivative 𝑓 ′, b) solve for the critical number/s
(if there are any), c) produce a table of signs, and d) determine the relative extrema values
of 𝑓.

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = cos(5𝑥 ), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋

Math 5 | Page 3 of 5
References

Albarico, J.M. (2013). THINK Framework. Based on Ramos, E.G. and N. Apolinario. (n.d.)
Science LINKS. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Hohenwarter, M. (2020, October 06). GeoGebra Classic (Version 6.0.609.0-offline)

[Computer software]. Retrieved January 04, 2021, from http://www.geogebra.org/

Stewart, J. (2016). Applications of Differentiation. In Calculus: Early Transcendentals (pp.

279-295). Australia: Cengage Learning.

Prepared by: David Bryan C. Lao Reviewed by: Ma. Romy Alexis C. Consulta
Position: Special Science Teacher I Position: Special Science Teacher II
Campus: PSHS-WVC Campus: PSHS-WVC

Math 5 | Page 4 of 5
© 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information
and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise
marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification.
ANSWER KEY

PRACTICE EXERCISES

A.
1. The function is increasing at (−∞, ∞). It is not decreasing at any interval.
2. There are no relative extrema values.

B.
2
a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = − (𝑥−1)2
b) There are no critical numbers. But note that 𝑓 ′ is undefined at 𝑥 = 1.
c)
𝟐
INTERVAL 𝒇 ′ (𝒙 ) = − 𝒇 (𝒙 )
(𝒙 − 𝟏) 𝟐
𝑥<1 − Decreasing
𝑥>1 − Decreasing

d) The function is not increasing at any interval. The function is decreasing at (−∞, 1),
(1, ∞).

C.
a) 𝑓 ′ (x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x) = sin(2x)
π 3π
b) 𝑥 = 0, 2 , π, 2 , 2π
c)
INTERVAL 𝒇′(𝒙) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒙) 𝒇 (𝒙 )
π
0<𝑥< + Increasing
2
π
<𝑥<π − Decreasing
2
3π
π<𝑥< + Increasing
2
3π
< 𝑥 < 2π − Decreasing
2
π
d) The function has a relative maximum at 𝑥 = with value 1. Similarly, it has a relative
2
3π
maximum at 𝑥 = with value 1 as well. At 𝑥 = π, it has a relative minimum with
2
value 0.

Math 5 | Page 5 of 5