ETAP Knowledge Base

Harmonic Analysis Hand Calculation for THD

Description: Comparison of ETAP’s calculated Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) with Hand
Calculation
Category: Harmonic Analysis, Total Harmonic Distortion
Type: ETAP Results Against Hand Calculations
Keywords: Harmonic Analysis, Total Harmonic Distortion, THD, Hand Calculation

1. Harmonic Calculation
Comparison of hand calculated THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) against hand calculations.

1.1 Fundamental load flow

U1 U3
1000 MVAsc 1000 MVAsc

Bus1 % Bus5 %
10 kV 1 00 10 kV 100

577 A 0 de
g 365 A 0 de
g
100 % 100 %

Z1 Z5

Bus2 9 % Bus6 25 %
10 kV 99. 10 kV 63 .

-0 . -18
06 d . 43
eg d eg

Load1 Load3
10 MVA 10 MVA

This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Harmonic Analysis Hand Calculation for THD

1.2 Harmonic load flow (fifth harmonic only)

U1 U3
1000 MVAsc 1000 MVAsc

Bus1 9 % Bus5 9 %
10 kV 2. 4 10 kV 2.4

289 A 8 8.
57 d 289 A - 3.
eg 32 d
50 % 79 % eg

Z1 Z5

Bus2 Bus6 %
4 % .93
10 kV 2. 7 10 kV 129

8 7. -13
63 d .29
eg d eg

Load1 Load3
10 MVA 10 MVA

This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

© Operation Technology, Inc. Page 2 of 3 ETAPKB

ETAP Knowledge Base

Harmonic Analysis Hand Calculation for THD

1.3 Harmonic load flow (Total)

U1
1000 MVAsc U3
1000 MVAsc

ms
Bus1 % r
. 03 Bus5
10 kV 100 ms
10 kV % r
.03
645 A rms 100
2 .4
9 % 465 A rms 2. 4
50 % THD T HD 9 %
79 % THD T HD

Z1
Z5

Bus2 rms
94 % rms
10 kV 99. Bus6
.5 %
10 kV 144
2 .7 2 05
4 % . 43
T HD % T
HD

Load1
10 MVA Load3
10 MVA

1.4 Hand calculation

Both Load1 and Load3 have a 50% fifth harmonic with a rated current of 577
Amperes.

Fundamental Fifth Harmonic

System % Terminal V Amps % Terminal V Amps
1 99.9 577 2.74 289
2 63.25 365 129.9 289

%THD of Z1 = 100 * 289 / 577 = 50 %

%THD of Z2 = 100 * 289 / 365 = 79 %

It can be seen the results above match those in the display of Harmonic load
flow.

This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. © 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

© Operation Technology, Inc. Page 3 of 3 ETAPKB