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Gen Bio Outline - Genetics

Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants and established the foundations of modern genetics. He discovered three laws of inheritance: 1) the law of dominance, 2) the law of segregation, and 3) the law of independent assortment. These laws describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring through alleles and gametes during reproduction. Mendel's work helped explain patterns of inheritance and laid the foundation for understanding genetics.

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Jasmine Mary Issa Quezon
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24 views2 pages

Gen Bio Outline - Genetics

Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants and established the foundations of modern genetics. He discovered three laws of inheritance: 1) the law of dominance, 2) the law of segregation, and 3) the law of independent assortment. These laws describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring through alleles and gametes during reproduction. Mendel's work helped explain patterns of inheritance and laid the foundation for understanding genetics.

Uploaded by

Jasmine Mary Issa Quezon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Genes- are the units of heredity composed Monohybrid Cross- a cross between

of DNA molecules that are transferred from parents that differ in one trait.
parent to offspring.
Dihybrid Cross- two contrasting traits
Genetics- the scientific study of genes and between parents can also be crossed to
how they affect heredity. determine the genotype and the phenotype
of their offspring.
Gregor Johann Mendel
✔️an Austrian monk, teacher, and biologist Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance
✔️experimented on garden peas
✔️Father of modern genetics The Law of Segregation- describes what
happens to the alleles during the formation
3 laws of inheritance: of gametes. An individual has a pair of
1. Law of dominance alleles for each trait.
2. Law of segregation
3. Law of independent assortment The Law of Independent Assortment-
alleles segregate independently during the
Allele- one of two or more alternatives form formation of gametes.
of a genes
Dominant trait- trait that is expressed The Law of Dominance- has something to
Recessive Trait-trait that is masked in the do with dominance. A trait that is dominant if
presence of a dominant trait it is to be expressed in spite of the presence
F1 generation- first filial generation 0f of another allele.
offspring
F2 generation- generation produced by
interbreeding individuals of the F1 Non-mendelian blablaa
generation.
Gamete- reproductive or sex cell Incomplete dominance- one allele is not
Genotype- genetic composition of an completely dominant over the other allele.
individual. Show a heterozygous phenotype that is
Phenotype- observable characteristics. intermediate. There is a presence of a third
Heterozygous- organisms that have two phenotype.
different alleles for the same trait. Example: red + pink= white, red +
Homozygous- organisms that have two blue= purple
identical alleles for a particular trait.
Punnett Square- diagram used to predict Codominance- both alleles contribute to
an outcome of a particular cross/breeding the phenotype of an organism. Expressed
experiment equally. Blended neither able to mask.
Example: Blue + red = Blue and red
baby. B+W= BW
Probability- the branch of mathematics
that explains the likelihood that a particular Multiple alleles- having more than two
event will occur. phenotypes for a particular trait. Three or
more alleles. Both alleles and both equally
dominant. Both equal in genotype. Many
alleles code a single trait.
Example: A+B= AB.

Pedigree chart- a very important tool in


studying human genetics and patterns of
inheritance.

Genetic recombination- process of


recombining genes to produce offspring with
traits that are different from those of their
parents.

Sex Linkage/LInk- applies to genes that


are located on the sex chromosomes. Sex
chromosomes determine if an individual is
male or female.
Color vision deficiency (CVD)-
inability to distinguish certain colors.
Hemophilia- blood clotting
Duchenne muscular dystrophy-
suffers progressive weakening and loss of
skeletal muscle.

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