1st International Conference on Innovative Academic

Studies

https://www.icias.net/ September 10 - 13, 2022, Konya, Turkey

Creation of Control and Management Systems for Smart Homes

Muhammad Ahmad Baballe1*, Ibrahim Idris Giwa2, Usman Sani Farouk3, Aminu Ya’u4 Ahmad Ado
Usman5, Yusuf Idris Muhammad6, Abdulkadir Shehu Bari7
1, 2, 3, 4 5
Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria.
6
Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso, Kano, Nigeria.
7
Audu Bako College of Agriculture Danbatta, Kano, Nigeria.
*
[email protected]
*
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-7023

Abstract – In this research, the smart home and management system use D.C batteries as their source of
power. When the battery is fully charged, it can work for 2 to 3 days before it runs low. When you power
the system, the title of the research is displayed on the LCD, and the maximum temperature is displayed. It
will also show you that nobody is inside the house. If you press the push button to enter the house, it will
display on the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) that you are welcome and the number of people in the house
will increase by the number of people that enter the house. You can choose the number of people you want
to enter the house. If you choose the maximum to be 12, the door will not open again until someone presses
the exit button from the house and exits the house before another person will be able to enter the house.
There is a fan in the house that is used to cool the temperature of the house if it is hot, and you can choose
when you want the fan to turn on automatically by selecting the maximum temperature. If you choose the
maximum temperature to be 30 °C, the fan will not operate until that temperature is reached. And if
everyone leaves the house, both the fan and light will automatically switch off since no one is inside the
house. There is a light in front of the house for security reasons. If it is dark at night, it will automatically
turn on. This light is controlled by the second LDR outside the house. If the LDR senses the presence of
light, the bulb outside the house will switch off during the day and if it senses the presence of dark, that is,
at night, it will turn on itself for security purposes. The first LDR is inside the house. If any person enters
the house, it will turn on the light in the house. The light will not go off until everyone leaves the house.

Keywords – LDRs, LCD, Smart House, Infrared sensor, Microcontroller, Motor, Lights.

I. INTRODUCTION others. The subsystems for wireless communication,

The terms "smart home" and "intelligent security entertainment, security, convenience, and
system" have developed throughout the past century information management are also included in a
as a result of technological advancement and have smart home [9]–[13]. A system of interconnected
begun to catch researchers' attention. A smart house sensors, actuators, interaction tools, and modules is
is one that can remotely or automatically regulate its referred to as a "smart home" and is used to provide
devices and appliances. For the creation of smart homeowners with support and applications such as
home systems, a variety of sensors, modules, safety and security, automation, entertainment
shields, and microcontroller boards can be used [1]– media, and energy control with little to no human
[8]. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1, this technology participation. But smart home safety and security
includes numerous other features such as smart systems are highly necessary and constantly needed
security, home facility protection, temperature for a variety of reasons, including people's
control, intelligent lighting arrangements, and many propensity to feel protected in their own houses and
to lower a high rate of criminality [14]–[16].
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Numerous sensor types can be used in the started to appear in urban households' domestic
construction of smart homes to safeguard them operations. In order to find necessary smart home
against combustion, as gas infiltration is another systems, home automation is able to link between
unwanted situation. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) electrical and electronic features [23], [24]. Here are
is a popular cooking fuel in contrast. Since LPG is a few examples of smart home automation and
sold in cylinders, a leak might cause an explosion. control applications [25-32].
A gas infiltration case is usually unknown to the 1. Keeping an eye on the weather and
occupants of the residences and other institutions. controlling the heating or cooling system.
They might consequently ignite a conflagration that 2. Identifying a leak in the cooking gas and
bursts. To avoid this dangerous situation, the gas advising the residents of the house via an
leakage detection strategy must be installed and alarm and an SMS.
used [51–53]. There has been a significant rise in 3. Keeping an eye on the weather and, in case
crime recently [54]. As a result, installing protection of rain, closing the windows of the house.
systems in homes is crucial [17,18]. The use of 4. The clever control that determines whether
different types of sensors, such as PIR sensors, to switch on or off the exterior lighting for
water level sensors, soil moisture sensors, light the house depending on the time of day or
intensity sensors, current sensors, voltage sensors, night.
DC motors, and ultrasonic sensors, has been 5. The intelligent control of turning ON/OFF
discussed extensively by many other researchers various home appliances via a mobile phone
[55]. To build a complete smart home system, all of using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or an SMS service.
the sensors stated above can be incorporated with 6. Utilizing RFID [58, 59] technology to
modules and microcontrollers [10]-[22]. The unlock and close the front door of the house
research's contribution might be summed up as the rather than traditional locks.
introduction of a low-cost system for managing 7. Utilizing movement detection sensors to
applications for smart home gadgets. The suggested protect a house against burglary [60].
system has a few crucial functional components. 8. When the fire first appears, turn on the
The first is used for security, and the second is used firefighting pumps.
for the occupants' safety in the residence. The IR 9. Using intelligent irrigation to water the
sensor, laser beam directed at a Light Dependent garden based on the amount of humidity in
Resistance (LDR) sensor, Bluetooth module with the soil.
programmed smart phone App, and servo motor 10. Electricity for the home is produced using
make up the first component. The gas sensor, flame solar cells [61, 62].
sensor, temperature and humidity sensors, liquid The items previously mentioned all offer
crystal display, and alarm make up the second residents of homes security and safety. The
component. The Arduino served as the processing aforementioned applications can also be used by
engine for the sensor data in both components [56]. businesses and other entities. While each of these
applications makes use of a variety of electronic
II.SMART HOME sensors, their data may be managed and processed
From fire vaults to warm cells to torches and by using a variety of microcontroller boards,
candles, and finally to the arrival of the most including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, PIC
contemporary invention, namely electricity, homes microcontroller, and others. Due to its simplicity of
have been created throughout antiquity, which has use, low cost, and open-source nature for both
offered convenience for the home's occupants. After software and hardware, the Arduino is therefore
that, it was explored how to use embedded systems more frequently used than other varieties. The
and electronic parts in machinery and other "Internet of Things" (IoT) [63] concept has been
appliances. While programming instructions for the rapidly developing in recent years, and more
CPU of embedded systems can be used to complete amateurs and researchers are using this technology
a number of functions, such automatic hot and cold to develop smart home applications. The user
washing, turning on/off lights [57], and security handles these appliances remotely and sends or
employment. Since the 1970s, embedded and receives all necessary data through the system's
integrated systems have gained popularity and mainboard through the internet by combining all of
833
the home programmable equipment into a Local safeguarding one's royalty have been progressively
Area Network (LAN). Smart home sensors and improved in recent years. Nowadays, people utilize
modules can be wirelessly connected via a number considerably more sophisticated, safe, and
of other technologies, including wireless LAN, affordable security measures to guarantee the ideal
ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. Figure 1 shows an property's security. To ensure effective protection
illustration of wireless communication between for homes against burglary, the automatic home
modules, sensors, and the internet in a home [33, security system is built on various electrical
34]. components or makes use of microcontroller boards
[43, 44].
III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The newly launched system typically consists of
two major components. The first section relates to
the safety of the house, while the second is reserved
for automatic control (i.e., automation). The
Arduino IDE is used to program both components,
which are based on Arduino microcontrollers [45].
The infrared (IR) sensor and the laser beam that is
pointed directly at the LDR serve as the foundation
for the home's security system. The IR sensor
immediately sends logic "1" to the Arduino Nano kit
to turn ON the warning siren the instant the thief
walks in front of it. Additionally, the thief will be
facing the laser beam if it tries to avoid the IR
sensor. When the ray is broken, the LDR resistance
Fig. 1. Wireless communication between the modules and value increases, and the Arduino Nano then follows
internet
the previously described procedure. The
ATmega328P of the Arduino Nano and Arduino
Benefit from smart homes.
Leonardo microcontrollers with multiple sensors,
Smart home adoption has a number of noteworthy
such as the MQ-02 gas sensor, KY-026 fire
benefits that can be realized. Some of these benefits
detection sensor, as well as soil wetness sensor, are
can be combined with the ensuing arguments [35–
the foundation for the automation and controlling
42].
process for the introduced configuration. Table I
1. From one location, manage and control all of
below describes the functions of the aforementioned
your home appliances.
sensors that are used in this work.
2. It gives users the option to add or remove
new appliances from the system as needed.
Sensor Task
3. Improve the security of the house's defense
Flame sensor It serves as a tool for
[64–67].
configuration
4. Through the use of a remote control, it offers
detection. Arduino will
the homeowners comfort for their house
activate the buzzer, the
operations.
sprinkler represented
5. Savings on energy because only real
by LED 1, and print a
consumption is used.
warning message on the
6. Increasing the equipment's usefulness, but
LCD in the event of a
smart homes might enable even more
fire.
effective appliance operation.
System for securing a home Gas sensor It is used in the home
Home security is not a recent development; it has kitchen for LPG
been acknowledged since the Stone Age. People detection purposes. The
then used a variety of rocks, trees, and weapons to Arduino will activate
ward off predators [68]. The methods for the buzzer and print
834
 warning messages on Table II: Below are the materials used in this research
the LCD in the event of S/N Names of components Number
a gas leak. used
DHT-11 sensor Used to measure 1 LDRs 2
weather conditions 2 Lights 2
such as temperature and 3 Liquid crystal display 1
moisture. The LCD will 4 Microcontroller 1
display the temperature 5 Buzzer 1
and humidity values, 6 IR Sensor 1
and the LED-2- 7 Switch Button 1
designated air 8 Light Emitting Diode 1
conditioner will be 9 Battery 3
turned on by the 10 Connections 29
Arduino. 11 Fan 1
Soil moisture sensor Used to measure the
moisture content of 4.2. Methods
soil. The Arduino will The microcontroller PIC16F8877A serves as the
turn on the water pump, brain of the research, which offers relay with
which is symbolized by necessary information when the temperature is very
LED-3, and print a high above the setting point to activate the DC fan
message on the LCD if in order to prevent the battery from unnecessary
the soil is dry. discharge. In cooperation with the DHT11
temperature/humidity sensor, it is used to monitor
The system is also developed using the Arduino the temperature level in the premises while the LCD
Leonardo, 2x16 LCD, and DHT-11 sensors; the is used to display the corresponding temperature
LCD's purpose is to display the weather's inside the room and also the number of people inside
temperature and humidity. Additionally, the LCD the house. Also, DC 12v bulbs are controlled by an
will display warning messages for the LPG leak and LDR sensor during the day and night periods in
fire detection situations. Finally, the HC-05 module, order to control the waste of power consumption.
which enables Bluetooth-based wireless The outside light is used at night for security
communication with a unique Android app and a reasons. However, the major components
small servo motor, is also used to remotely control mentioned work in cooperation to form the system
the garage door [69]. The employed Android with the microcontroller. The automatic door, which
application was created in the "MIT App Inventor" is controlled or operated by the push buttons, is used
online environment, which was established by to control the number of people who will enter and
Google and is run by the Massachusetts Institute of exit the house with the help of an IR sensor, which
Technology. This platform relies on the is used in the system.
development of a graphical user interface based on 4.2.1. Connection of the Microcontroller to LCD
a visual programming language (i.e., block The liquid crystal display pins are connected to the
arrangement), which enables users to drag and drop microcontroller, which is the brain of the whole
visual blocks to create the necessary software [46– research.
50].
IV. MATERIAL AND METHODS
4.1. Materials

835
 Fig. 3. LCD interfaced to PIC16F877A
Fig. 5. Infrared Sensing Unit
4.2.2. DHT11 temperature/humidity sensor unit
The DHT11 acts as a temperature and humidity 4.2.3. DC FAN/LIGHT Control Unit
sensor. It gives an output of 10mV/C and is capable The unit serves to control the DC fan and light
of producing a voltage from 10mV to 1.5V that system using a BD139 transistor. The circuit of this
corresponds to temperatures from 0 C to 50 C and unit is shown in the figure below.
0-80%.

Fig. 4. Connection of DHT11 to microcontroller

836
 Fig. 8. Alarming unit

Fig. 6. DC fan/light transistor

4.2.4. Door control unit

The arrangement of the circuit as below is the
actuator part, which uses the BC547 transistors to
enable the actual door control to open and close due
to movement of the motor clockwise and
anticlockwise when a visitor arrives.

Fig. 9(a). Complete circuit diagram

Fig. 7. Door control circuit

4.4.5. Alarming unit

This unit is used for alarming. When the limit is
exceeded, it will sound an alarm showing that the
number of people that are required to enter the house
has reached its limit.

837
 Fig. 9(b): Implementation of the System.

V. RESULTS
The images below are the pictures of the results
obtained from the implemented system.
Fig. 11. The whole system implementation

Fig. 10. Implementation of the Circuit Display the Title of

the research

838
 Fig. 14. System displaying one person is inside the house

Fig. 12. Implemented Circuit Displaying the Process of

Pressing the Entrance Door

Fig. 15. The process of pressing exit button from the house
Fig. 13. The Process of entering the door

839
 Fig. 18. The DHT-11 sensor is used to monitor the
Fig. 16. The process of leaving the house through the door
temperature and humidity of the house. If the temperature
exceeds the maximum temperature set, the fan will turn on by
itself with the help of the DHT-11 sensor

CONCLUSION
A fundamental idea behind the smart home is that
it makes residents' lives more comfortable, increases
security, and uses less energy. This research
examined the design and construction of a low-cost
smart home automation framework. In this research,
we've analysed research papers on low-cost smart
home designs that make use of the Arduino Nano
and Arduino Leonardo microcontroller boards. A
smart gate door controller is designed to monitor the
house appliances in order to reduce waste of power
[70], provide security and control the number of
people that will have access to the house.
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