1st International Conference on Innovative Academic

Studies

https://www.icias.net/ September 10 - 13, 2022, Konya, Turkey

Applications for Controlling and Management Systems in Smart Homes

Abdulrahman Yusuf Abdullahi1, Aliyu Hassan Muhammad2, Abdulkadir Shehu Bari3, Abubakar Sani
Muhammad 4 Muhammad Auwal Umar5, Yakubu Yunusa Sulaiman6, Aliyu Lawan Musa7 Muhammad
Ahmad Baballe8*
1
Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria.
2
Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
3, 5, 6
Audu Bako College of Agriculture Danbatta, Kano, Nigeria.
4, 7, 8
Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria.
*
[email protected]
*https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-7023

Abstract – Smart homes, intelligent security, and the Internet of Things are just a few examples of how
smart systems and security have attracted tremendous attention and development in recent years (IoT). The
wireless or automatic control of the electrical appliances in the home is referred to as home automation.
For compatibility with smart homes, a wide range of integrated circuits, sensors, modules, and embedded
systems are available. Many factors need to be taken into account in order to implement the idea of smart
homes, such as offering a user-friendly, dependable, secure, and affordable system.

Keywords – LCD, Smart House, IoT, Infrared sensor, Arduino, Servo motor, LED.

I. INTRODUCTION systems are highly necessary and constantly needed

The terms "smart home" and "intelligent security for a variety of reasons, including people's
system" have developed throughout the past century propensity to feel protected in their own houses and
as a result of technological advancement and have to lower a high rate of criminality [14]–[16].
begun to catch researchers' attention. A smart house Numerous sensor types can be used in the
is one that can remotely or automatically regulate its construction of smart homes to safeguard them
devices and appliances. For the creation of smart against combustion, as gas infiltration is another
home systems, a variety of sensors, modules, unwanted situation. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
shields, and microcontroller boards can be used [1]– is a popular cooking fuel in contrast. Since LPG is
[8]. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1, this technology sold in cylinders, a leak might cause an explosion.
includes numerous other features such as smart A gas infiltration case is usually unknown to the
security, home facility protection, temperature occupants of the residences and other institutions.
control, intelligent lighting arrangements, and many They might consequently ignite a conflagration that
others. The subsystems for wireless communication, bursts. To avoid this dangerous situation, the gas
entertainment, security, convenience, and leakage detection strategy must be installed and
information management are also included in a used [51–53]. There has been a significant rise in
smart home [9]–[13]. A system of interconnected crime recently [54]. As a result, installing protection
sensors, actuators, interaction tools, and modules is systems in homes is crucial [17,18]. The use of
referred to as a "smart home" and is used to provide different types of sensors, such as PIR sensors,
homeowners with support and applications such as water level sensors, soil moisture sensors, light
safety and security, automation, entertainment intensity sensors, current sensors, voltage sensors,
media, and energy control with little to no human DC motors, and ultrasonic sensors, has been
participation. But smart home safety and security discussed extensively by many other researchers
452
[55]. To build a complete smart home system, all of a few examples of smart home automation and
the sensors stated above can be incorporated with control applications [25-32].
modules and microcontrollers [10]-[22]. The 1. Keeping an eye on the weather and
research's contribution might be summed up as the controlling the heating or cooling system.
introduction of a low-cost system for managing 2. Identifying a leak in the cooking gas and
applications for smart home gadgets. The suggested advising the residents of the house via an
system has a few crucial functional components. alarm and an SMS.
The first is used for security, and the second is used 3. Keeping an eye on the weather and, in case
for the occupants' safety in the residence. The IR of rain, closing the windows of the house.
sensor, laser beam directed at a Light Dependent 4. The clever control that determines whether
Resistance (LDR) sensor, Bluetooth module with to switch on or off the exterior lighting for
programmed smart phone App, and servo motor the house depending on the time of day or
make up the first component. The gas sensor, flame night.
sensor, temperature and humidity sensors, liquid 5. The intelligent control of turning ON/OFF
crystal display, and alarm make up the second various home appliances via a mobile phone
component. The Arduino served as the processing using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or an SMS service.
engine for the sensor data in both components [56]. 6. Utilizing RFID [58, 59] technology to
unlock and close the front door of the house
rather than traditional locks.
7. Utilizing movement detection sensors to
protect a house against burglary [60].
8. When the fire first appears, turn on the
firefighting pumps.
9. Using intelligent irrigation to water the
garden based on the amount of humidity in
the soil.
10. Electricity for the home is produced using
solar cells [61, 62].
The items previously mentioned all offer
residents of homes security and safety. The
aforementioned applications can also be used by
Fig. 1. A simple smart home businesses and other entities. While each of these
II. SMART HOME applications makes use of a variety of electronic
sensors, their data may be managed and processed
From fire vaults to warm cells to torches and
by using a variety of microcontroller boards,
candles, and finally to the arrival of the most
including Arduino, Raspberry Pi, PIC
contemporary invention, namely electricity, homes
microcontroller, and others. Due to its simplicity of
have been created throughout antiquity, which has
use, low cost, and open-source nature for both
offered convenience for the home's occupants. After
software and hardware, the Arduino is therefore
that, it was explored how to use embedded systems
more frequently used than other varieties. The
and electronic parts in machinery and other
"Internet of Things" (IoT) [63] concept has been
appliances. While programming instructions for the
rapidly developing in recent years, and more
CPU of embedded systems can be used to complete
amateurs and researchers are using this technology
a number of functions, such automatic hot and cold
to develop smart home applications. The user
washing, turning on/off lights [57], and security
handles these appliances remotely and sends or
employment. Since the 1970s, embedded and
receives all necessary data through the system's
integrated systems have gained popularity and
mainboard through the internet by combining all of
started to appear in urban households' domestic
the home programmable equipment into a Local
operations. In order to find necessary smart home
Area Network (LAN). Smart home sensors and
systems, home automation is able to link between
modules can be wirelessly connected via a number
electrical and electronic features [23], [24]. Here are
of other technologies, including wireless LAN,
453
ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. Figure 2 shows an affordable security measures to guarantee the ideal
illustration of wireless communication between property's security. To ensure effective protection
modules, sensors, and the internet in a home [33, for homes against burglary, the automatic home
34]. security system is built on various electrical
components or makes use of microcontroller boards
[43, 44].
III. SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The newly launched system typically consists of
two major components. The first section relates to
the safety of the house, while the second is reserved
for automatic control (i.e., automation). The
Arduino IDE is used to program both components,
which are based on Arduino microcontrollers [45].
The infrared (IR) sensor and the laser beam that is
pointed directly at the LDR serve as the foundation
for the home's security system. The IR sensor
immediately sends logic "1" to the Arduino Nano kit
to turn ON the warning siren the instant the thief
walks in front of it. Additionally, the thief will be
facing the laser beam if it tries to avoid the IR
Fig. 2. Wireless communication between the sensor. When the ray is broken, the LDR resistance
modules and internet value increases, and the Arduino Nano then follows
the previously described procedure. The
A. Benefit from smart homes. ATmega328P of the Arduino Nano and Arduino
Smart home adoption has a number of noteworthy Leonardo microcontrollers with multiple sensors,
benefits that can be realized. Some of these benefits such as the MQ-02 gas sensor, KY-026 fire
can be combined with the ensuing arguments [35– detection sensor, as well as soil wetness sensor, are
42]. the foundation for the automation and controlling
1. From one location, manage and control all of process for the introduced configuration. The
your home appliances. system is also developed using the Arduino
2. It gives users the option to add or remove Leonardo, 2x16 LCD, and DHT-11 sensors; the
new appliances from the system as needed. LCD's purpose is to display the weather's
3. Improve the security of the house's defense temperature and humidity. Additionally, the LCD
[64–67]. will display warning messages for the LPG leak and
4. Through the use of a remote control, it offers fire detection situations. Finally, the HC-05 module,
the homeowners comfort for their house which enables Bluetooth-based wireless
operations. communication with a unique Android app and a
5. Savings on energy because only real small servo motor, is also used to remotely control
consumption is used. the garage door [69]. The employed Android
6. Increasing the equipment's usefulness, but application was created in the "MIT App Inventor"
smart homes might enable even more online environment, which was established by
effective appliance operation. Google and is run by the Massachusetts Institute of
B. System for securing a home Technology. This platform relies on the
Home security is not a recent development; it has development of a graphical user interface based on
been acknowledged since the Stone Age. People a visual programming language (i.e., block
then used a variety of rocks, trees, and weapons to arrangement), which enables users to drag and drop
ward off predators [68]. The methods for visual blocks to create the necessary software [46–
safeguarding one's royalty have been progressively 50].
improved in recent years. Nowadays, people utilize
considerably more sophisticated, safe, and

454
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[60] M. A. Baballe, M. I. Bello, B. A. Imam, A. T. Sule, A. S.
Muhammad, “Implementation of Security Alarm using
Arduino with P.I.R Motion Sensor and GSM Module”,
Artificial & Computational Intelligence,
https://acors.org/ijacoi/VOL2_ISSUE2_8.pdf, pp. 1-7,
July 2021.

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