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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID BASED WIRELESS HEART RATE

AND BODY TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM

Article · November 2020

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 11 | Nov 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID BASED WIRELESS HEART

RATE AND BODY TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM
Ajisafe V. A1*, Isa Bashir S2.
1*,2Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Bells University of Technology,
Ota, Nigeria.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This paper reports the design and unit time - typically per minute [4]. For normal human
development of an android based wireless heart rate and adolescents and above, the normal resting heart rate is
body temperature monitoring system remotely around 72 beats per minute (bpm) depending on the
controlled via Bluetooth using microcontrollers on gender; for babies, it is usually about 120 bpm, while
Arduino Uno modules. A heart rate sensor and body older children have a heart rate around 90 bpm [5].
temperature sensor pick up signals from a patient's body Bradycardia is a condition whereby the heart rate is
using the Infra-red (IR) transmitter and receiver. The lower than usual, while a higher than normal heart rate
signals are being amplified and further processed by the indicates a condition known as tachycardia. In like
Arduino Uno module and displayed on a liquid crystal manner, normal body temperature also varies among
display (LCD) on the device. Notably, the device is also individuals and fluctuates throughout the day,
controlled remotely from an android based mobile phone depending on environmental conditions. For instance,
via Bluetooth communication. The mobile phone, in the lowest body temperature is recorded early in the
addition to the LCD, displays the results. The results have morning and the highest in the early evening. However,
a minimum error of about ± 0.4°C for the temperature the normal body temperature is about 37° C or 98.6 ° F
sensor reading and ± 4 for heart rate sensor reading but can be low as 36.1° C (97°F) in the early morning
compared to the conventional digital thermometer and and high as 37.2° C (99° F); this can still be considered
manual pulse rate readings. Hence, there were no normal. Due to the significance and the contributions of
significant differences in the results. vital signs measurement to initial diagnosis and
monitoring of some health problems, an accurate,
Keywords: Heartbeat Sensor, LM35, HC-05, affordable, effective heart rate and body temperature
ATmega328 microcontroller.
measuring device is essential for acting promptly [6].
1. INTRODUCTION Remote patient monitoring is a technology that allows
us to monitor the patient from a distance [7], thereby
One major challenge in our society today is human increasing patients’ access to health care facilities at a
health. People spend lots of money to restore their reduced cost. This technology also increases efficiency
health in the advent of challenges, but if detected early, and reliability by reducing consultation time with
many health problems can be managed and treated healthcare givers within healthcare [4].
accordingly [1]. Heart rate and body temperature are
vital signs that indicate the human body system's This work aims to provide a portable, affordable, and
physiological condition and have the advantage of non- efficient way of monitoring heart rate and body
invasiveness. Meanwhile, heart-related problems such temperature at the same time. It will also provide easy
as acute myocardial infarction in younger patients are access to health caregivers using Android phone-based
increasingly being diagnosed [2]. This may be because wireless communication (Bluetooth) with a unique
of atherosclerosis's high-risk factors [2], [3]. Vital signs application installed. This will help monitor patients’
are usually measured by health caregivers to vital signs, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU),
determine initial abnormalities before prescribing ward, accident, and emergency (A&E). Furthermore,
major clinical investigations. The heart rate is a the results are displayed on a liquid crystal display (LC
function of the heart's contraction and relaxation per D) screen and the doctor’s mobile phone.

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 219
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 11 | Nov 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2. Hardware Components of the Design 2.2 Beer-Lambert law of transmittance

The system design mainly consists of the following The Beer-Lambert law illustrates the linear
components, as illustrated in Fig 1: Heartbeat sensor, relationship between absorbance and concentration of
Temperature Sensor (LM35), Bluetooth module (HC- an absorbing species. It states that ‘the absorbance of a
material sample is directly proportional to its
05), Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller, LCD, Power
thickness.’
Supply.
The mathematical expression is as follow:
Power Supply

Light intensity decreases exponentially with the

thickness of the material, and this is referred to as
Heart LCD
rate/Pulse rate linear attenuation, usually expressed in
sensor
Arduino Uno
ATEMega238 μ is a function of wavelength ⟹ λ)
HC-05 Bluetooth
Temperature Module
sensor
Beer-Lambert Law is also a function of λ, i.e.

Android Phone

Fig 1: System block diagram of the Heartrate and

body temperature monitoring device

2.1 Heartbeat Sensor

The Heartbeat sensor (Fig. 2) is designed to give a

digital output when a finger is placed on it based on the
principle of light modulation by blood flow through the Fig 3. An illustration of Beer-Lambert’s
finger at each pulse. The sensor consists of a super law as applicable to the pulse sensor
bright green LED and a light detector. The LED must be
Transmittance is defined as
super bright as the maximum light must pass through
the finger and be detected by the sensor. The detector
signals vary with each heart pulse. This variation is A quantity called absorbance 'A' is defined as
converted to an electrical pulse, amplified, and
triggered through an amplifier that outputs a +5V logic
level signal. The optical sensor and the combination of
the infrared light-emitting diode, also known as IR LED
and IR photodiode, senses the patient's heartbeat and This definition includes both absorption and
finally produces a weak output signal. scattering

A further definition is extinction coefficient 

So,

Fig 2. A photographic image of the pulse sensor

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 220
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 11 | Nov 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.3 Temperature sensor (LM35) technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency
Hopping Feature) [5].
The temperature sensor was designed to detect any
change in temperature and produce a digital output.
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit (ICs)
temperature sensor devices with an output voltage
linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature.

Fig 5. A photographic image of the Bluetooth module

(HC-05) after purchase

Fig 4. A schematic of the LM35 Temperature sensor 2.5 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) 16x2
It does not require external calibration or trimming to
A 16x2 LCD was used as a display unit to view the
provide typical accuracies of ±¼ °C at room
result of the measured data. The 16x2 LCDs display
temperature and ±¾ °C over a full temperature range
two lines of 16 characters each. It also has two
from −55°C to 150°C. Lower cost is assured by
registers, which are Command and Data. The command
trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The low-
register usually stores command instructions specific
output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent
to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD
calibration of the LM35 device make it easy to interfere
to execute a predefined task such as initialization, clear
with the readout or control circuitry. The device uses a
the screen (CLS), setting the cursor position,
single power supply or plus and minus supply. Since
controlling the display, etc. The data register stores the
the LM35 device draws only 60 μA from the supply, it
data to be displayed on the LCD. The character's ASCII
has a very low self-heating capacity of less than 0.1 °C
value is displayed on the LCD, consisting of tiny rod-
in still air.
shaped molecules sandwiched between a flat piece of
2.4 Bluetooth Module (HC-05) glass and an opaque substrate. These rod-shaped
molecules between the plates align into two different
HC-05 Bluetooth module is an easy to use SPP (Serial physical positions based on the electric charge applied
Port Protocol) module designed for transparent to them. When an electric charge is applied, they form
wireless serial connection setup. Its communication is an alignment that blocks the light entering through
through serial communication, which makes an
them. But, when no charge is applied, they are
interface with the controller or PC HC-05. Bluetooth
module and provides switching mode between master transparent. Light passing through causes the desired
and slave mode, which means using either receiving or images to appear [6]. This is the basic concept behind
transmitting data. The serial port Bluetooth module is LCDs, and they are widely used because of their
fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data benefits over other display technologies. They are thin
Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with a complete 2.4GHz radio and flat and consume minimal power compared to LED
transceiver and baseband. It uses the CSR BlueCore 04- displays and cathode ray tubes (CRTs).
External single-chip Bluetooth system with CMOS

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 221
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 11 | Nov 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig 6. Liquid Crystal Display showing the

programmed display after switching it on.

2.6 ATmega328 Arduino microcontroller

The system controller is built around a standard Fig 7a. LCD display Fig 7b. Display of
microcontroller ATmega 328. The Atmel AVR core of Heartrate and body temperature
Body temperature and heart rate on
combines a rich instruction set with 32 general
on the fabricated android mobile phone
purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are transmitted from the
device
directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), device.
enabling two independent registers to be accessed in a
single instruction executed clock wisely. Arduino can This indicates that the device meets the design
sense the environment by receiving input from various specifications and objectives required to design and
sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling construct an electronic health monitoring system.
lights, motors, and other actuators. The Table 1 below shows the readings obtained while
microcontroller on the board is programmed using the measuring ten different volunteers' body temperature
Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and and heart rate. Compared with the readings obtained
the Arduino development environment (based on from the conventional digital thermometer and manual
Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or heart rate readings, we found that the developed
communicate with software on running on a computer device has
(e.g., Flash, Processing, MaxMSP). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which six can be used as PWM Table 1.
outputs), six analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator,
a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button.

3. TESTS AND RESULTS

The whole circuit was built and tested for a long time
and was found to work successfully with minimal
error, which shows high reliability. The device was
tested on different patients and produced the desired
results. The data measured was displayed on the device
display unit (LCD), and the data was accessible on an
android phone using the developed application, as
shown in figure 5.
4. CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, this work led to the development of a

system that measures patients' heartbeat and
temperature and transmits it to a remote end via a
Bluetooth module and a microcontroller at a

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 222
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 11 | Nov 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

reasonable cost with significant effect. It utilized [6] H. Jaiswal, M. Safwan, and H. Rajput, “HEALTH
biotelemetry system technology, which enabled MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON GSM,” vol. 05, no. 03,
monitoring patients' vitals non-invasively and p. 3.
continuously from a distance. It can lead to increased [7] Q. Hou, “Research and implementation of
access to health care delivery. The device uses two remote heart rate monitoring system based on GSM
sensors for measuring the heartbeat and temperature and MCU,” The 2nd International Conference on
of a body. The microcontroller controls these sensors. Information Science and Engineering, 2010, doi:
Optical technology was used to detect blood flow 10.1109/ICISE.2010.5689352.
through the finger, and LM35 was used as a
temperature sensor in this project, which measures the
body's temperature. The heartbeat and temperature
are calculated every minute and displayed on LCD. The
results are transferred via Bluetooth module and sent
to an android phone. Finally, the data is displayed on
the mobile screen using a unique application at the
receiving end where the specialist or physician can
analyze the data and will be able to provide the
necessary assistance. The developed system is reliable,
portable, affordable, and user friendly.

REFERENCES

[1] W. M. Jubadi and S. F. A. M. Sahak, “Heartbeat

monitoring alert via SMS,” in 2009 IEEE Symposium on
Industrial Electronics Applications, Oct. 2009, vol. 1,
pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ISIEA.2009.5356491.

[2] A. Cengel and A. Tanindi, “Myocardial infarction

in the young,” Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, vol.
55, no. 4, p. 305, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.4103/0022-
3859.58944.

[3] J. B. Rubin and W. B. Borden, “Coronary Heart

Disease in Young Adults,” Current Atherosclerosis
Reports, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 140–149, Apr. 2012, doi:
10.1007/s11883-012-0226-3.

[4] V. R. Parihar, A. Y. Tonge, and P. D. Ganorkar,

“Heartbeat and Temperature Monitoring System for
Remote Patients using Arduino,” International Journal
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[5] Y. Ostchega, K. S. Porter, J. Hughes, C. F. Dillon,

and T. Nwankwo, “Resting pulse rate reference data for
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