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Unit 3 - Complex Integration

This document summarizes key concepts from a Complex Analysis course unit on complex integration, including: 1. Properties and evaluation of complex line integrals, and how they depend on the path of integration when the function is not analytic. 2. Definitions of simply and multiply connected domains, and Cauchy's Integral Theorem and its generalization to multiply connected domains. 3. Cauchy's Integral Formula, which relates the integral of an analytic function around a closed contour to the value of the function at an interior point.

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Alhassan Ahmed Ndatsaragi
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189 views3 pages

Unit 3 - Complex Integration

This document summarizes key concepts from a Complex Analysis course unit on complex integration, including: 1. Properties and evaluation of complex line integrals, and how they depend on the path of integration when the function is not analytic. 2. Definitions of simply and multiply connected domains, and Cauchy's Integral Theorem and its generalization to multiply connected domains. 3. Cauchy's Integral Formula, which relates the integral of an analytic function around a closed contour to the value of the function at an interior point.

Uploaded by

Alhassan Ahmed Ndatsaragi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Semester: IV Subject: COMPLEX ANALYSIS(MA0411)

UNIT-III
COMPLEX INTEGRATION

8 hours

1. Complex line integral: Properties and evaluation


2. Simply and multiply connected domains
3. Cauchys integral theorem, Cauchys integral theorem for multiply connected domains
4. Cauchys integral formula (without proof)

1 Complex line integral: Properties and evaluation


• Concept of integration as an inverse process of differentiation is also applicable in case of
complex functions provided,
Z the function is analytic.
i.e. If F 0 (z) = f (z), then f (z) dz = F (z) + c, where c is a complex constant.
This is called indefinite integral
Zz2
• The definite integral of a complex variable f (z) dz depends upon the path from z1 to z2 in
z1
the complex plane.
Z
• Complex definite integral can also be written as f (z) dz, where C is the path of integration.
C

• Complex definite integral is also called Complex Line Integral or simply line integral.
I
• When C is a closed path, i.e. when z1 and z2 co-incides, the integral denoted by f (z) dz.
C

• Properties of Line Integral:


Z Z
1. Let f (z) = u + iv and dz = dx + idy, then f (z) dz = (u + iv)(dx + idy)
Z Z C C

= (udx − vdy) + i (vdx + udy)


C C
2. Linearity Property:
Z Let k1 , k2 be complexZ constants andZ f (z) and g(z) be complex
functions, then [k1 f (z) + k2 g(z)] dz = k1 f (z) dz + k2 g(z) dz
C C C
Zz2 Zz1
3. f (z) dz = − f (z) dz
z1 z2

1
Z Z
4. Given that C is an arc with end points A and B, |dz| = ds = L, where L is the
C C
length of the arc C from A to B.
Z Z Z
5. f (z) dz = f (z) dz + f (z) dz, where C is the curve consisting of two curves C1
C C1 C2
and C2 .
Zz2
• If f (z) is not analytic, value of f (z) dz is different for different paths from z1 to z2 . i.e. the
z1
value of the integral depends upon the path, when the function is not an analytic function.
Zz2
• When f (z) is an analytic function, f (z) dz is independent of the path from z1 to z2 .
z1

2 Simply and Multiply connected domains


• A path with coincident end points, not intersecting or touching itself is called a simple closed
path or contour. Integral the simple closed path is called contour integral.
• A domain D is called a simply connected domain, if every simple closed paths lying inside
D can be contracted to a point in D without leaving D.
A domain D which is not simply connected is called multiply connected domian.

• Fundamental Theorem of Complex Integration: If f (z) is analytic


I function in a simply
connected domain D, then for every simple closed path C in D, f (z) dz = 0.
C

• Evaluation of line integral: If f (z) be an analytic function in a simply connected domain


D, then there exists an analytic function F (z) with F 0 (z) = f (z) in D then along any path
Zz2
joining z1 and z2 in D, f (z) dz = F (z2 ) − F (z1 ) .
z1

• Cauchy’s Integral Theorem for Multiply Connected Domain: Let f (z) be analytic
between two simple closed paths C1 and C2 , where C2 lies entirely inside the curve C1 , then
I I
f (z) dz = f (z) dz
C1 C2

• Let C1 , C2 , . . . , Cn be finite simple closed paths inside a simple closed path C and f (z) is
analytic within the domain between the paths C1 , C2 , . . . , Cn then
I I I I
f (z) dz = f (z) dz + f (z) dz + · · · + f (z) dz
C C1 C2 Cn

2
3 Cauchy’s Integral Formula
• Let f (z) be an analytic function withinIand on a simple closed path C. If z0 is any point
f (z) f (z)
in C where is not analytic, then dz = 2πif (z0 )
z − z0 z − z0
C

• Generalized Cauchy’s integral formula: Let f (z) be an analytic function within and
f (z)
on a simple closed path C. If z0 is any point in C where is not analytic, then
z − z0
I
f (z) 2πi n
n+1
dz = f (z0 )
(z − z0 ) n!
C

• If f (z) is analytic on C1 and C2 and in the ring-shaped domain bounded by C1 and C2 and
f (z)
z0 is any point in that domain where is not analytic, then
z − z0
I I
f (z) f (z)
dz + dz = 2πif (z0 )
z − z0 z − z0
C1 C2

where the outer integral over C1 is taken counter clockwise and the inner integral over C2 is
taken clockwise.

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