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Computer Application

The document discusses the basic elements of data transmission, including the five main components: message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and set of rules (protocol). It provides examples of each component, such as email transmission involving a sender, receiver, and wireless internet connection as the transmission medium. The document also compares analog and digital data transmission, noting that digital transmission is generally preferred due to lower cost, higher speeds, and lower error rates.

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mussab asif
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50 views

Computer Application

The document discusses the basic elements of data transmission, including the five main components: message, sender, receiver, transmission medium, and set of rules (protocol). It provides examples of each component, such as email transmission involving a sender, receiver, and wireless internet connection as the transmission medium. The document also compares analog and digital data transmission, noting that digital transmission is generally preferred due to lower cost, higher speeds, and lower error rates.

Uploaded by

mussab asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Shaiq Abdullah

Roll No.: 3020-BS-STAT-21


Basic Elements of Data Transmission
Data Communication is defined as exchanging data between two devices via some form of transmission
media such as a cable, wire or air or vacuum. For data communication, communication devices must be
a part of a communication system made up of a combination of hardware or software devices and
programs.

Data Communication System Components :


There are mainly five components of a data communication system:

⦁ Message

⦁ Sender

⦁ Receiver
⦁ Transmission Medium

⦁ Set of rules (Protocol)

All above-mentioned elements are described below:

Figure – Components of Data Communication System

Message :
This is a most useful asset of a data communication system. The message simply refers to data or piece
of information which is to be communicated. A message could be in any form, it may be in form of a text
file, an audio file, a video file, etc.

Sender:
To transfer messages from source to destination, someone must be there who will play the role of a
source. The sender plays the part of a source in a data communication system. It is simply a device that
sends data messages. The device could be in form of a computer, mobile, telephone, laptop, video
camera, workstation, etc.

Receiver:
It is a destination where finally message sent by the source has arrived. It is a device that receives the
message. Same as the sender, the receiver can also be in form of a computer, telephone mobile,
workstation, etc.

Transmission Medium :
In the entire process of data communication, there must be something which could act as a bridge
between sender and receiver, Transmission medium plays that part. It is the physical path by which data
or message travels from sender to receiver.

Transmission medium could be guided (with wires) or unguided (without wires), for example, twisted
pair cable, fibre optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc.

Set of rules (Protocol) :


To govern data communications, various sets of rules had already been designed by the communication
systems' designers, representing a kind of agreement between communicating devices. These are
defined as protocols. In simple terms, the protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication. If
two different devices are connected but there is no protocol among them, there would not be any kind
of communication between those two devices. Thus the protocol is necessary for data communication
to take place.

A typical example of a data communication system is sending an e-mail. The user which send email act
as sender, message is data which user wants to send, receiver is one whom user wants to send message,
there are many protocols involved in sendss entire proca ea ss,the onthe e of that them isthat Simple
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and the receiver must have an internet connection which uses a wireless medium to send and receive
email.

Analog and Digital Data Transmission


An analog signal is a voltage, current or physical quantity thay continuously and infinitely varies and
accordance with some time varying parameters.

OR

Transmitted power varies over a continuous range. For example, radio waves, television waves, or
sound waves are examples of analog signals.

Importance of Analog Signals


⦁ Best suited for transmission of audio and video.

⦁ Consumes less bandwidth than digital signals to carry the same information.

⦁ Analog system is readily in place around the world.

⦁ Analog signal is less susceptible to noise.

Characteristics
⦁ Amplitude

⦁ Period

⦁ Frequency

⦁ Phase

Digital Signal
Sequence of voltage pulses represented in binary form. For example, computer signal generated data
signal digital, whereas telephone lines generate analog signal.

Importance of Digital Signals

⦁ Digital signal convey information with less noise, distortion and interference.

⦁ Digital signal processing is more flexible.


⦁ Digital circuits can be reproduced easily in mass quantities.

Digital and Analog Data Transmission


⦁ When digital data is to be sent over an analog facility, digital signal must be converted to analog
signal.

⦁ Conversion of digital signals into analog is known as modulation.

⦁ Conversion of analog signals into digital is known as demodulation.

⦁ Digital transmission data is preferred over analog transmission of data due to lower cost, higher
transmission speed and lower error rate.

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