LEARNING SIMULINK

SL. No. Tutorials Learning Things Pages

01 Control of  Full procedure in words 01-07
temperature  Use of In1, In2, Out1, Out2 for input and outputs
and flow rate  Atomic subsystem (built in) is included for PI controller.
 Saturation block is used
 Outputs are Temperature, T and Flow rate, F
 Once Run the program, variable T and F are available in
MATLAB, but they are printable or controllable.
 Get curve from workspace ---- See Tips.
02 Dynamic  Matlab subfunction is called inside the Simulink model- VVI 09
behavior of ball  Nice formulation of the dynamic model ÿ=−g . The ball is
drppin from 20 m height. The ball radius is 1.5 m
 Here output goes to oscilloscope.
 Procedure of getting control on figure by giving two commands
in command window
set(0,’ShowHiddenHandles’,’on’); and
Set(gcf,’menubar’,’figure’);
03 P-V solar cell  Callback function is used to give the values of initial parameters
Draw I-V and P-  Right Click .>> Properties>> call back
V curve from  Five equations are used and then make five subsystems.
Equation  During drawing P-V and I-V curve Min and Max limit of P,V and I
must be given to get only positive Values.
04 Matlab-Simulink  How to send data to Simulink model from Matlab? From
interaction workspace
 How to extract data from Simulink to Matlab? 3 ways. Among
them To workspace and out1 are better.
05 MGR_solar1m.m Plot I-V and P-V curve from equations
06 Modeling of Single cell is modeled and output current and voltages are displayed.
solar cell using
built in block.
07 P-V array We can group some cells and make subsystem. That will be PV module.
making
MATLAB Program: MGR_solar1m.m
% to get plot of I-V an dP-P-V curve of the output shown in the
% simulink model " MGR_solar1", we have to execute
% the following commands.
% Remeber both simulink file .xls and matlab file .m must be in
same
% folder location.
clear
close all
clc
open('MGR_solar1') % optional
sim('MGR_solar1') % Run the simulink model from MATLAB
%
% % % Extract data generated by the Output port
xSignal = yout.getElement('x'); % In the model “x” is signalname
t = xSignal.Values.Time;
I = xSignal.Values.Data(:,1);
V = xSignal.Values.Data(:,2);
P = xSignal.Values.Data(:,3);
% plot of I-V characterisics
% plot(V,P,'LineWidth',2,'Color','k')
%
% axis([0 35 0 220])
% xlabel('Volatge of Solar cell','FontSize',18)
% ylabel('Power of solar cell','FontSize',18)
% title('P-V Characterisics of Solar Panel','FontSize',22)

% figure(2)
% plot(V,I,'LineWidth',2,'Color','k')
% axis([0 35 0 10])
% xlabel('Volatge of Solar cell','FontSize',18)
% ylabel('Current of solar cell','FontSize',18)
% title('I-V Characterisics of Solar Panel','FontSize',22)

figure(1)
% [ax,h1,h2] = plotyy(V,I,V,P);
% % Good choice with old version command
% set(ax(1),'YLim',[0 210])
% set(ax(2),'YLim',[0 10])
% set(ax(1),'YTick',[0:10:210])
% set(ax(2),'YTick',[0:0.5:10])
% grid on
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% or wirh new version
yyaxis left
plot(V,I,'LineWidth',2,'Color','b') % Plot into left axes
ylim([0 10]);
yticks([0:0.5:10]);
xlabel('Volatge of Solar cell','FontSize',18)
ylabel('Current of solar cell','FontSize',18)
title('Characterisics of Solar Panel','FontSize',22)

yyaxis right
plot(V,P,'LineWidth',2,'Color','r') % Plot into right axes
ylim([0 210]);
yticks([0:10:210]);
ylabel('Power of solar cell','FontSize',18)
legend('I-V curve','P-V curve','Location','northwest')
grid on
hold on
% Do analysis using Matlab on the data
[P_Max indexMax]=max(P);
vMax=V(indexMax);
plot(vMax,P_Max,'rx','LineWidth',2,'MarkerSize',14)
xx=[vMax vMax];
yy=[P_Max 0];
line(xx,yy,'Color','blue','LineStyle','--');
text(vMax+1,P_Max,'MPP', 'FontSize', 20)
legend('I-V curve','P-V curve','Location','northwest')

Simulink file Name: MGR_solar1.slx - Final view

Here it is seen that two X-Y graphs are used to get plot of I-V and P-V curve. In both cases, voltage, V is placed at
x-axis , which is on top of two inputs to X-Y graphs. The result are fully graphically controlled to make them
printable format.

% % % Extract data generated from the Output port

xSignal = yout.getElement('x'); % In the model “x” is signalname
t = xSignal.Values.Time;
I = xSignal.Values.Data(:,1);
V = xSignal.Values.Data(:,2);
P = xSignal.Values.Data(:,3);

Also there is a control on final figure output shown below.

Characterisics of Solar Panel

10 210
9.5
9
I-V curve MPP 200
190
P-V curve
8.5 180
170
Current of solar cell
8

Power of solar cell

7.5 160
7 150
6.5 140
6 130
120
5.5
110
5
100
4.5
90
4 80
3.5 70
3 60
2.5 50
2 40
1.5 30
1 20
0.5 10
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Volatge of Solar cell

However, from the X-Y graph, we can also get X-Y plots. But they cannot be used in research paper.

The underneath of PV module is shown below: Total 5 subsystems for 5 currents.

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Matlab –simulink interaction program

Here, From Workspace and To Workspace both are used
 E:\Simulink_files\
Simulink model name:

Matlab_Simulink_interaction1.slx

Program:

% This is a script to illustrate how interact with a Simulink

model from a
% Matlab script.
clear
clc
close all
% Define model parameters
g=10;
m=1;
c=0.5;
L=1;
tFinal=45;
tStepMax=0.05;

Theta0=-0*pi/180;
ThetaDot0=0;
% Create an input called 'simT' which will be used as input of
simlink
% model
t_in = linspace(0, tFinal, 100)';
T_in=zeros(size(t_in));

for k = 1:length(t_in)
if(t_in(k)<10)
T_in(k)=t_in(k);
else
T_in(k)=sin(t_in(k));
end
end

simT = [t_in T_in];

% To open the simulink model
open('Matlab_Simulink_interaction1') % Purely optional

% run the simulink model using the "sim' command

sim('Matlab_Simulink_interaction1')
% % Extract data generated by the Output port1
% xSignal = yout.getElement('x');
% t = xSignal.Values.Time;
% Theta = xSignal.Values.Data(:,1);
% ThetaDot = xSignal.Values.Data(:,2);

%%%%%%%% The number "2" displayed in simulink model by click

"Display, then
%%%%%%%% signal and ports and then "signal dimensions" . After
doing all
%%%%%%%% these things "2" displayes as there are two signals
available.

% Extract the data generated by the 'To Workspace' block (using

a
% timeseries in save format
% t = simX.Time;
% Theta = simX.Data(:,1);
% ThetaDot = simX.Data(:,2);

% Extract the data generated by the 'To Workspace' block (using

a
% structure with time in save format (set this)
% t = simX.time;
% Theta = simX.signals.values(:,1);
% ThetaDot = simX.signals.values(:,2);

% % Extract data generated by the signal logging technique

xSignal = logsout.getElement('x');
t = xSignal.Values.Time;
Theta = xSignal.Values.Data(:,1);
ThetaDot = xSignal.Values.Data(:,2);

% Do analysis using Matlab on the data

[ThetaMax indexMax]=max(Theta);
tMax=t(indexMax);

figure
subplot(2,1,1)
hold on
plot(t,Theta)
plot(tMax,ThetaMax,'rx','LineWidth',2,'MarkerSize',14)
xlabel('t (seeconds)')
ylabel('\theta(rad)')
grid on
title('Data generated by the simulink model')
legend('\theta','Max(\theta)')

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,ThetaDot)
xlabel('t (seeconds)')
ylabel('d\theta/dt(rad/s)')
grid on

Data generated by the simulink model

1

(rad) 0.5 Max( )

-0.5

-1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
t (seeconds)

1
d /dt(rad/s)

-1

-2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
t (seeconds)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Modeling of Solar Cell using built in function

 Open MATLAB and go to the Simulink
 Search Solar cell, add the block into the model.
 Double click on it.
 You will see, Short circuit current I SC , Open circuit voltage VOC , kind of irradiance at 1000watts/m 2 we are
getting these values. Others are quality factor and series resistance.
 Similarly we can change the model. By any means.
 Now we need converter from simscape name: PS-Simulink converter. It converts physical signal to
Simulink signal. The light signal is physical signal. So we need to convert to Simulink signal.
 Now we need PS constant . Get it.
 We need current sensor and voltage sensor Simulink model Name :
 We need PS constant block as well.
MGR_solar2_built.slx
Connection:

1. First we connect irradiance (PS constant) to solar cell.

2. Connect current sensor (Ammeter) and Voltage sensor (voltmeter). These meters are used for physical
signals only. From physical signal . Because Solar cell uses physical signals. After converting these voltage
and current signals to Simulink ones, they go to displays.

Simulation Procedure:

 First of all, simulate without having resistance as it is given open circuit voltage V OC and short circuit
current, ISC .
 Simulate 1 sec as well.
 The display shows VOC = 0.6 V
 Now get short circuit current.
 Short ground to upper point. And simulate for 1 sec
 ISC displays 7.34A.
 Now give normal connection through resistanec Rsh =1 ohm. This is load resistance.
 V = 0.5967 volt and I = 0.5967A
 Increase R =1000 ohms, V =0.6 and I = 0.0006 A

This is how we simulate solar cell in Simulink.

Now we wll talk about PV arrays.

PV Array:
As we have seen solar cell takes very small amount of current. So we need a combination of them in order
to get higher value. P-V array is nothing but series or parallel combination of solar cells. Depending on the
voltage and current requirements, we connect solar cells either in series or parallel.

For example: one solar cell has V OC = 0.6 volt and I SC = 6 A(set it). If we connect 3 cells in series, at the
output terminals, VOC = 3*0.6 = 1.8 V and the short circuit current, I SC will remain same. Now it becomes a P-
V mosule. It is an example of one P-V module of 0.6V and 6A.
 One module picuture.

We can have

1. Series combination
2. Parallel combination
3. Series parallel combination.
Depending on the requirement.

In MGR_solar3_PV_Array.slx Simulink model, we have connected 3 cells in series to get our

desired output. The model runs and the current and voltage are displayed.

 At first change the cell Isc = 6A from 7.34 A default.

 Now test for VOC and ISC . They are 1.8V and 6A respectively.
 VOC = 1.8 V and ISC = 6 A. for each subsystem module.
 Total VOC = 3 X1.8 = 5.4 volts. I is also increased. 3 times as supply voltage has been increased by 3
times.

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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

I-V AND P-V CURVE OF A SINGLE CELL

Matlab Program: MGR_solar4m.m

% to get plot of I-V and P-V curve for a single cell

% simulink model " MGR_solar4", we have to execute
% the following commands.
% Remeber both simulink file .slx and matlab file .m must be in
same
% folder location.
clear
close all
clc
open('MGR_solar4') % optional
sim('MGR_solar4') % Run the simulink model from MATLAB

% Extract the data generated by the 'To Workspace' block (using

a
% timeseries in save format
t = simI.Time;
I = simI.Data(:,1);
V = simV.Data(:,1);
P = simP.Data(:,1);

% plot of I-V characterisics

yyaxis left
plot(V,I,'LineWidth',2,'Color','b') % Plot into left axes
ylim([0 8]);
yticks([0:0.5:8]);
xlabel('Volatge of single Solar cell','FontSize',18)
ylabel('Current of single solar cell','FontSize',18)
title('Characterisics of single Solar Cell','FontSize',22)

% plot of P-V characterisics

yyaxis right
plot(V,P,'LineWidth',2,'Color','r') % Plot into right axes
ylim([0 3.5]);
yticks([0:0.5:3.5]);
ylabel('Power of single solar cell','FontSize',18)
legend('I-V curve','P-V curve','Location','southeast')
grid on

Simulink model MGR_solar4.slx

 Characterisics of single Solar Cell
8 3.5
7.5
Current of single solar cell

Power of single solar cell

7 3
6.5
6
2.5
5.5
5
4.5 2
4
3.5 1.5
3
2.5
1
2
1.5
1 0.5
I-V curve
0.5 P-V curve
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Volatge of single Solar cell

I-V AND P-V CURVE OF A 6 CELL IN SERIES

Matlab Program: MGR_solar5m.m
Simulink model: MGR_solar5.slx
 Characterisics solar array (6 cell)
10 25
9.5 24
Current of solar array (6cell)

I-V curve

Power of solar array (6cell)

9 23
P-V curve 22
8.5 21
8 20
7.5 19
7 18
17
6.5 16
6 15
5.5 14
5 13
12
4.5 11
4 10
3.5 9
3 8
7
2.5 6
2 5
1.5 4
1 3
2
0.5 1
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Volatge of solar array(6cell)