SULIT

(BENG 2143)

APPENDIX A
The Normal Distribution Table

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The Normal Distribution Table (Continued)

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APPENDIX B
The t-Distribution Table

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APPENDIX C
F-Distribution Critical Values

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APPENDIX D

The Critical Values of PPMC & the Critical Values for the Sign Test

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APPENDIX E

Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test & Critical Values for the Rank

Correlation Coefficient

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APPENDIX F

Critical Values for the Number of Runs

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APPENDIX G
Critical values for the Chi Square Distribution

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APPENDIX H
KEY FORMULAS

2
1 (∑ 𝑥𝑖 )
1. 𝑠 2 = [∑ 𝑥𝑖2 − ]
𝑛−1 𝑛

2. 𝜇 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧𝛼/2 𝜎𝑥̅ , 𝜇 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑧𝛼/2 𝑠𝑥̅ , 𝜇 = 𝑥̅ ± 𝑡𝛼/2 𝑠𝑥̅ ,

𝑝 = 𝑝̂ ± 𝑧𝛼/2 𝑠𝑝̂ , 𝐵 = 𝑏 ± 𝑡𝛼/2 𝑠𝑏

𝑥−𝜇 𝑥̅ −𝜇 𝑝̂−𝑝 𝑏−𝐵

3. 𝑧 = , 𝑧= , z= , t=
𝜎 𝑠/√𝑛 𝑝𝑞 𝑠𝑏
√𝑛

4. 1 −  2 = ( x1 − x 2)  z  x − x , 1 −  2 = ( x1 − x2 )  ts x − x , p1 − p2 = ( pˆ 1 − pˆ 2 )  zs pˆ − pˆ
1 2 1 2 1 2

( x1 − x2 ) − ( 1 −  2 ) ( x1 − x 2 ) − ( 1 −  2 ) ( pˆ − pˆ 2 ) − ( p1 − p2 )
5. z = .t= , z= 1
 x −x
1 2
s x1 − x2 s pˆ 1− pˆ 2

s12 s 22 (n1 − 1) s12 + (n2 − 1) s 22 1 1

6. s x − x = + , sp = , 𝑠𝑥̅ 1−𝑥̅ 2 = 𝑠𝑝 √𝑛 + 𝑛
1 2
n1 n2 n1 + n2 − 2 1 2

2
 s12 s 22 
 + 
 n1 n 2  pˆ 1 qˆ1 pˆ 2 qˆ 2 1 1
df = 2 2
, s pˆ 1− pˆ 2 = + , s pˆ 1− pˆ 2 = pq  + 
s 
2
s  2 n1 n2  n1 n2 
 
1
  2

 1  +  n2 
n
n1 − 1 n 2 − 1

Linear Regression
2 2
(∑ 𝑥) 2 (∑ 𝑦)
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 = ∑ 𝑥 2 − , 𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦 = ∑ 𝑦 −
𝑛 𝑛

(∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥𝑦 −
𝑛

𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦
𝑟=
√𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦

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𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦
𝑏= , 𝑎 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑏𝑥̅
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥

𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦 −𝑏𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑒 = √ , 𝑠𝑏 =
𝑛−2 √𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥

One-Way ANOVA
𝑘 𝑛
2
𝑦..2
𝑆𝑆𝑇 = ∑ ∑ 𝑦𝑖𝑗 −
𝑁
𝑖=1 𝑗=1
𝑘
1 2
𝑦..2
𝑆𝑆𝐴 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖. −
𝑛 𝑁
𝑖=1
𝑆𝑆𝐴
𝑀𝑆𝐴 =
𝑘 − 1
𝑆𝑆𝐸
𝑀𝑆𝐸 =
𝑁−𝑘
𝑀𝑆𝐴
𝐹 =
𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑀𝑆𝐸 𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑦̅𝑖. − 𝑡𝛼⁄2,𝑘(𝑛 – 1) √ ≤ 𝜇𝑖 ≤ 𝑦̅𝑖. + 𝑡𝛼⁄2,𝑘(𝑛 – 1) √
𝑛 𝑛

2𝑀𝑆𝐸 2𝑀𝑆𝐸
𝑦̅𝑖. − 𝑦̅𝑗. − 𝑡𝛼⁄2,𝑁 − 𝑘 √ ≤ 𝜇𝑖 − 𝜇𝑗 ≤ 𝑦̅𝑖. − 𝑦̅𝑗. + 𝑡𝛼⁄2,𝑁 − 𝑘 √
𝑛 𝑛

Multiple Linear Regression

2 2
(∑ 𝑦)
𝑆𝑆𝑦𝑦 = ∑ 𝑦 −
𝑛
2
(∑ 𝑥1 )
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥1 = ∑ 𝑥1 2 −
𝑛
2
2
(∑ 𝑥2 )
𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑥2 = ∑ 𝑥2 −
𝑛
∑ 𝑥1 ∑ 𝑦
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥1 𝑦 −
𝑛
∑ 𝑥2 ∑ 𝑦
𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥2 𝑦 −
𝑛
∑ 𝑥1 ∑ 𝑥2
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥2 = ∑ 𝑥1 𝑥2 −
𝑛
𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑥2 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑦 − 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥2 𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑦
𝑏1 =
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥1 𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑥2 − 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥2 2
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥1 𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑦 − 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥2 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑦
𝑏2 =
𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥1 𝑆𝑆𝑥2𝑥2 − 𝑆𝑆𝑥1𝑥2 2
𝑎 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑏1 ̅̅̅
𝑥1 − 𝑏2 ̅̅̅
𝑥2

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Quadratic Regression
2 2
(∑ 𝑥)
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 = ∑ 𝑥 −
𝑛
∑𝑥∑𝑦
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥𝑦 −
𝑛
∑ 𝑥2 ∑ 𝑥
𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 2 = ∑ 𝑥 3 −
𝑛
∑ 𝑥2 ∑ 𝑦
𝑆𝑆𝑥 2 𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑦 −
𝑛
(∑ 2 )2
𝑥
𝑆𝑆𝑥 2 𝑥 2 = ∑ 𝑥 4 −
𝑛
(𝑆𝑆𝑥 𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 ) − (𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 2 )
2
𝑐=
(𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 𝑆𝑆𝑥 2𝑥 2 ) − (𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 2 )2
(𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥 2𝑥 2 ) − (𝑆𝑆𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 2 )
𝑏=
(𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 𝑆𝑆𝑥 2𝑥 2 ) − (𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 2 )2
∑𝑦 ∑𝑥 ∑ 𝑥2
𝑎= −𝑏( )−𝑐( )
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

Nonparametric Tests
𝑛
(𝑋+0.5)−( )
2
𝑧=
√𝑛/2
𝑅−𝜇𝑅
𝑧=
𝜎𝑅

𝑛1 (𝑛1 +𝑛2 +1)

𝜇𝑅 =
2

𝑛1 𝑛2 (𝑛1 +𝑛2 +1)

𝜎𝑅 = √
12
𝑛(𝑛+1)
𝑤𝑠 −
4
𝑧=
√𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
24

12 𝑅12 𝑅22 𝑅2
𝐻= ( + +…..+ 𝑘 ) −3(𝑁 + 1)
𝑁(𝑁+1) 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛𝑘
6 ∑ 𝑑2
𝑟𝑠 = 1 −
𝑛(𝑛2 −1)

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