Tema nr.

5
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1. Write and test a PL/SQL block to read and display all the rows in the wf_countries table for all
countries in region 5 (South America region). For each selected country, display the
country_name, national_holiday_date, and national_holiday_name. Display only those
countries having a national holiday date that is not null.

DECLARE
CURSOR wf_holidays IS
SELECT country_name, national_holiday_date, national_holiday_name
FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id=5 AND national_holiday_date IS NOT NULL;
v_country_name wf_countries.country_name%TYPE;
v_national_holiday_date wf_countries.national_holiday_date%TYPE;
v_national_holiday_name wf_countries.national_holiday_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Tarile din regiunea 5 si sarbatorile lor nationale sunt:');
OPEN wf_holidays;
LOOP
FETCH wf_holidays INTO v_country_name, v_national_holiday_date,
v_national_holiday_name;
EXIT WHEN wf_holidays%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_country_name||' '||v_national_holiday_date||'
'||v_national_holiday_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE wf_holidays;
END;
2. For this exercise, you use the employees and departments table. Create a PL/SQL block that
fetches and displays the names of the 5 departments with the most employees (Hint: use a join
condition). For each of these departments, display the department name and the number of
employees. Order your output so that the department with the most employees is displayed
first. Use %ROWTYPE and the explicit cursor attribute %ROWCOUNT.
DECLARE
CURSOR cursor_department IS
SELECT d.department_name, count(e.employee_id)
FROM departments d, employees e
WHERE d.department_id=e.department_id
GROUP BY d.department_name
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
v_dept_name departments.department_name%TYPE;
v_nr_employees NUMBER;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Primele 5 departamente sunt :');
OPEN cursor_department;
LOOP
FETCH cursor_department INTO v_dept_name, v_nr_employees;
EXIT WHEN cursor_department%ROWCOUNT>5;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Departamentul se numeste: '|| v_dept_name|| ' iar nr. de
angajati este :
'||v_nr_employees);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_department;
END;

3.

Look again at the block you created in question 2. What if you wanted to display 10 departments
instead of 5? There are only 7 rows in the departments table. What do you think would
happen?

I think the LOOP statement will try to display an 8th row that doesn't exist.
4. In real life we would not know how many rows the table contained. Modify your block from
question 2 so that it will exit from the loop when either 10 rows have been fetched and
displayed, or when there are no more rows to fetch. Test the block again.

DECLARE
CURSOR cursor_department IS
SELECT d.department_name, count(e.employee_id)
FROM departments d, employees e
WHERE d.department_id=e.department_id
GROUP BY d.department_name
ORDER BY 2 DESC;
v_dept_name departments.department_name%TYPE;
v_nr_employees NUMBER;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' Departamentele sunt :');
OPEN cursor_department;
LOOP
FETCH cursor_department INTO v_dept_name, v_nr_employees;
EXIT WHEN cursor_department%ROWCOUNT>10 OR cursor_department%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( 'Departamentul se numeste: '|| v_dept_name|| ' iar nr. de
angajati este :
'||v_nr_employees);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_department;
END;

5.

Modify the following PL/SQL block so that it uses a cursor FOR loop. Keep the explicit cursor
declaration in the DECLARE section. Test your changes.

DECLARE
CURSOR wf_currencies_cur IS
SELECT currency_code, currency_name
FROM wf_currencies
ORDER BY currency_name;
v_curr_code wf_currencies.currency_code%TYPE;
v_curr_name wf_currencies.currency_name%TYPE;
BEGIN
 OPEN wf_currencies_cur;
LOOP
FETCH wf_currencies_cur
INTO v_curr_code, v_curr_name;
EXIT WHEN wf_currencies_cur%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_curr_code || ' ' || v_curr_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE wf_currencies_cur;
END;

DECLARE
CURSOR wf_currencies_cursor IS
SELECT currency_code, currency_name
FROM wf_currencies
ORDER BY currency_name;
BEGIN
FOR v_wf_currencies_cursor IN wf_currencies_cursor
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_wf_currencies_cursor.currency_code || ' ' ||
v_wf_currencies_cursor.currency_name);
END LOOP;
END;

6. Write a PL/SQL block to display the country_name and area of all countries in a chosen
region. The region_id should be passed to the cursor as a parameter. Test your block using
two region_ids: 5 (South America) and 30 (Eastern Asia) . Do not use a cursor FOR loop.

DECLARE
CURSOR country_cursor
(v_region_id wf_countries.region_id%TYPE) IS
SELECT country_name, area FROM wf_countries
WHERE region_id = v_region_id;
country_record country_cursor%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN country_cursor(5) ;
LOOP
FETCH country_cursor INTO country_record;
EXIT WHEN country_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || country_record.country_name ||
' Area: ' || country_record.area);
END LOOP;
CLOSE country_cursor;
END;

7. Write and run a PL/SQL block which produces a listing of departments and their employees.
Use the departments and employees tables. In a cursor FOR loop, retrieve and display the
department_id and department_name for each department, and display a second line
containing ‘----------‘ as a separator. In a nested cursor FOR loop, retrieve and display the
first_name, last_name and salary of each employee in that department., followed by a blank
line at the end of each department. Order the departments by department_id, and the
employees in each department by last_name.

You will need to declare two cursors, one to fetch and display the departments, the second to
fetch and display the employees in that department, passing the department_id as a
parameter.

Your output should look something like this (only the first few departments are shown):

10 Administration
-----------------------------
Jennifer Whalen 4400

20 Marketing
-----------------------------
Pat Fay 6000
Michael Hartstein 13000

50 Shipping
-----------------------------
Curtis Davies 3400
Randall Matos 2600
Kevin Mourgos 5800
Trenna Rajs 3500
Peter Vargas 2500

DECLARE
CURSOR dept_cursor IS
SELECT department_id,department_name
FROM departments
ORDER BY department_name;
CURSOR emp_cursor(v_deptno departments.department_id%TYPE) IS
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = v_deptno
ORDER BY last_name;
BEGIN
FOR dept_record IN dept_cursor
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dept_record.department_id ||
' ' || dept_record.department_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('-----------------------------');
FOR emp_record IN emp_cursor(dept_record.department_id)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (emp_record.first_name || ' ' ||
emp_record.last_name || ' ' ||
emp_record.salary);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END;