Scribd
Upload
613 views4 pages

Linear Measurement - Errors in Linear Measurement

Linear measurement in engineering surveys can be subject to errors. There are various types of errors including having an incorrectly measured chain length, poor ranging of the chain, variation in temperature affecting the chain's length, inconsistent tension applied to the chain, and sagging of the chain if not properly supported. The document then provides detailed explanations and correction formulas for each of these common error types in linear measurement.

Uploaded by

Sunil Chhetri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
613 views4 pages

Linear Measurement - Errors in Linear Measurement

Linear measurement in engineering surveys can be subject to errors. There are various types of errors including having an incorrectly measured chain length, poor ranging of the chain, variation in temperature affecting the chain's length, inconsistent tension applied to the chain, and sagging of the chain if not properly supported. The document then provides detailed explanations and correction formulas for each of these common error types in linear measurement.

Uploaded by

Sunil Chhetri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

APSEd

Linear Measurement: Errors in Linear


Measurement
In an engineering survey, the linear horizontal distance has to be measured. The
measurement of this linear horizontal distance between two points on the earth's
surface is known as linear measurement. The study of surveying helps us determine
the relative position of points, the height of buildings without actually measuring the
settlement, etc. It is generally done before the construction of buildings.

Linear and angular measurements are equally important during an engineering survey.
Bearing, rotation, etc. are the angular measurements, while distance is a linear
measurement.

The difference between two or more measured values of the same quantity is known
as error. In linear measurement, there can be various types of errors. They are;

1. Wrong length of chain


2. Bad ranging
:
3. Variation in temperature
4. Variation in tension
5. Sagging

Let us discuss these errors in detail.

Wrong Length of Chain

There may be some discrepancy in manufacturing the chains. The length of the chain
may not be always exact. So there may be an error due to the incorrect length every
time the chain is used. To prevent this type of error we can use correction factors.

Actual length = measured length + correction factor

Actual length= Measured length + Actual chain length/ Incorrect chain length

If the actual chain length is more than the incorrect chain length, then a positive
correction is applied.

Bad Ranging
If the chain is stretched out of the line, the measured distance will always be more and
hence the error will be positive. For each and every stretch of the chain, the error due
to bad ranging will be cumulative and the effect will be too great a result.

Variation in Temperature
A temperature higher or lower will change the length of the tape. So this can cause
errors. This can be correct by ;

Ct = α (Tm-To)L
:
Where,α= coefficient of thermal expansion
Tm= mean-field temperature
To= calibration temperature
L= measured length
If Tm>To, positive correction is applied

Variation in Pull/Tension

If tension is greater than the standard then the tape will stretch. If less than standard
tension is applied the tape will be shorter than standard. This is corrected by,

Cp=(P-Po)L/Aε

Where; P= applied pull


Po= standard pull
L = measured length
A = area of cross-section
ε = Young’s Modulus
If P>Po, positive correction is applied.

Sagging

A tape not supported along its entire length will sag. By applying correct tension the
sag can be reduced.
:
This can be corrected by;

Cs=L/24(W/T)²

where; L = measured length


W = weight of the chain
T = tension/pull

If the chain is not held properly, it sags. The correction applied is negative.

Yeah, that's it for this blog. We will meet soon again in another blog. Till then show me
your understanding of this topic by solving the question below. Thank You!

GATE Preparation Career Guidance GATE CE

0 7
:

You might also like