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Control Unit Compressed

The document compares hardwired and microprogrammed control units. A hardwired control unit uses custom logic circuits to implement operations, while a microprogrammed control unit uses a microprogram stored in memory to generate control signals. Microprogramming allows for easier modifications by changing the microprogram, avoids redesign of the entire system for small changes, and provides a more structured control organization through microinstructions. However, it is more expensive due to the added memory. The document provides examples of microprograms, which specify control signals similarly to state tables used for hardwired sequential circuits.

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Sukanta Bose
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36 views

Control Unit Compressed

The document compares hardwired and microprogrammed control units. A hardwired control unit uses custom logic circuits to implement operations, while a microprogrammed control unit uses a microprogram stored in memory to generate control signals. Microprogramming allows for easier modifications by changing the microprogram, avoids redesign of the entire system for small changes, and provides a more structured control organization through microinstructions. However, it is more expensive due to the added memory. The document provides examples of microprograms, which specify control signals similarly to state tables used for hardwired sequential circuits.

Uploaded by

Sukanta Bose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Unit Design

Difference between Hardwired control unit and Microprogrammed control unit

❑ The microprogramming approach is more expensive than hardwired approach. In this


method a control ROM memory is needed.
❑ The MP provides well structured control organization.
❑ Control signals are systematically transformed into formatted words (microinstructions).
❑ Many additions and changes are made by simply changing the microprogram in the
control memory, as the control signals are embedded in a kind of two level software called
firmwire.
❑A small change in hardwired approach may lead to redesigning the entire system.
Below mentioned 3 control signals
will be activated by the CPU during
the clock cycle of the execution of the
instruction ADD A, B

ADD A, B

Fig: The processor configured to implement the add operation


A:=A+B
Multicycle operation : ❑ This low-level description
of the double –precision
addition in terms of the control
signals to be activated is an
example of a microprogram
and is contrasted with the
higher level program for the
same operation appearing in
the previous slide. Each line of
the table beside is an example
of a microinstruction
❑ Booth’s multiplication algorithm, for instance, has specifying a set of low-level
statements of the following type: micro-operation.

❑ C corresponds to a status
control signal from DP, or to a
special signal generated
within CU, such as an end of
loop condition. To vary the
order in which the
microinstructions are
executed, a pair of next
address fields is also provided,
one of which is selected by
the current value of C
The format of the previous table is essentially similar to the state-table format
for describing the behavior of a (hardwired) sequential circuit, as illustrated in
the above table.
Hardwired control:

State tables for a finite-state


machine (a) Melay type, (b)
Moore type.
GCD Processor:

❑ procedure gcd to
compute the greatest
common divisor of two
numbers.
Beside Hardware is
needed to implement
the gcd procedure.

State table
defining the
control unit
of the gcd
processor.
Excitation table for the control unit of the gcd processor
All-NAND classical design for the control unit of the
gcd processor.

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