2023

ASSIGNMENT 1 MA341

STUDENT ID= S11164201

IARETO. ARABWATI
QUESTION 1

A.

−𝑓(𝑥) = −ln⁡(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)
−1
−𝑓(𝑥) = ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)

1
−𝑓(𝑥) = ln⁡( )
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1

1 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1
= ln ( ⁡×⁡ )=( 2) =( ) =
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 − √𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 2 − (√𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑥2 − 𝑥2 − 1 −1

= −𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1

= −𝑓(𝑥) = (−1) + √(−1)2 + 1 = 𝑓(−𝑥)⁡

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = −𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥)

B.

Applying Rationalize so, first we inverse the function. After that we rationalize the function. For
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
example;𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 the quadratic formula gives two solutions 𝑥 = 2𝑎
so, a=1,
b=200, c=-0.00015: 𝑥 2 + 200𝑥 − 0.00015 = 0 we used the quadratic formula and it gives two
solutions which is negative value and positive value.
QUESTION 2

a.

b. interval = [0.6,0.8] ∈ =0.001

𝑏−𝑎 0.8 − 0.6 0.2
ln⁡( ∈ ) ln⁡( 0.001 ) ln⁡(0.001)
𝑛≥ = = = 7.6439
𝑙𝑛2 𝑙𝑛2 𝑙𝑛2
The step is 8 steps
c.

𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑦 = ln(1 + 𝑥 2 ) ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑦 = 𝑦

ln(1 + 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑒 −𝑥

n 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑛 𝑐𝑛 𝑏𝑛 − 𝑐𝑛 𝑓(𝑎𝑛 )𝑓(𝑐𝑛 )
1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 + ve
2 0.7 0.8 0.75 0.05 +ve
3 0.75 0.8 0.775 0.025 -ve
4 0.75 0.775 0.7625 0.0125 +ve
5 0.7625 0.775 0.76875 6.25× 10−3 -ve
6 0.7625 0.76875 0.765625 3.125× 10−3 +ve
7 0.765625 0.76875 0.7671875 1.5625× 10−3 +ve
8 0.7671875 0.76875 0.76796875 7.8125 × 10−3 STOP

The Root corrects in (3 decimal places) is 0.768

QUESTION 3

b.
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +1⁡⁡ 𝑥0 = 1.5⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥1 = 2

𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )(𝑥𝑛 − 𝑥𝑛−1 )

𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 ) − 𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 )
1.5
( 2 ) (1.5 − 2) −0.23076923
= 1.5 − 1.5 +1 = 1.5 − = 5.249999988 ≈ 5.25
1.5 2 0.061538461
( 2 )−( 2 )
1.5 + 1 2 +1

Since our intending values are not converged to the foundation but diverging.

QUESTION 4

a.
√𝑎 ≈ 𝑥𝑛+1 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 = √𝑎⁡⁡⁡
⁡⁡⁡𝑥 2 = 𝑎⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥 2 − 𝑎⁡⁡⁡
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑎
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥
Using Newton’s Method
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑛 )
 2 −𝑥 2 +𝑎
2𝑥𝑛
𝑥 2 𝑛 −𝑎 𝑛
= 𝑥𝑛 − cross multiply = 2𝑥𝑛 (𝑥𝑛 ) − ((𝑥𝑛2 − 𝑎)/2𝑥𝑛⁡ ) =
2𝑥𝑛 2𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛2 + 𝑎 1 𝑥𝑛2 𝑎 1 𝑎
𝑥𝑛+1 = = ( + ) = (𝑥𝑛 + )⁡
2𝑥𝑛 2 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛 2 𝑥𝑛

b.
1 2
√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛+1 = − 2𝑥 (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 ) ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑙𝑒𝑡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑒𝑛 = √𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛
𝑛

Substituting the mechanic’s rule for 𝑒𝑛+1 into 𝑒𝑛 to find 𝑒𝑛+1, subtract the two equations to get

𝑒𝑛+1 = √𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛+1
1 𝑎 1 1 𝑎
= √𝑎 − (𝑥𝑛 + ) = (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 ) − (√𝑎 − )
2 𝑥𝑛 2 2 𝑥𝑛
1 1 𝑎 1 𝑎
= − (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 ) + ( − √𝑎) = − (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 ) (1 − 2 )
2 2 𝑥𝑛 2 𝑥 𝑛
2
1 √𝑎 + 𝑥𝑛 1 (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 )
= − (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 ) ( 2 )=−
2 𝑥 𝑛 2 𝑥2𝑥
1 2
𝑒𝑛+1 = √𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛+1 = − (√𝑎 − 𝑥𝑛 )
2𝑥𝑛
c.
𝑎 ≈ √10 = 𝑎2 − 10⁡𝑜𝑟⁡𝑎 = 10⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑥0 = 3⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡4𝑑. 𝑝
1 𝑎
𝑥𝑛+1 = (𝑥𝑛 + ) , 𝑛 = 1,2,3, … …
2 𝑥𝑛
1 10 1 19
𝑥1 = (3 + ) = ( ) = 3.166667
2 3 2 3
1 10
𝑥2 = (3.166667 + ) = 3.162280702
2 3.166667
1 10
𝑥3 = (3.162280702 + ) = 3.160087719
2 3.162280702
1 10
𝑥4 = (3.160087719 + ) = 3.162278419
2 3.160087719
Thus the root correct is 3.162278419

QUESTION 5

a. Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

Substitute the value of x in 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

 𝑥 𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋
−
6 6 2
𝑦 1 0 1 1
−
2 2

Next, we use 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 3

𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋3 1
[− , ] = 𝑎 − ( ) 𝑏 − 𝑐 ( ) − ⁡ ( )𝑑 =
6 2 6 36 216 2

[0,0] = 𝑎 − 0𝑏 + 0𝑐 + 0𝑑 = 0

𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋3 1
[ ,− ] = 𝑎 + ( ) × 𝑏 + ( )𝑐 − ( )×𝑑 =
6 2 6 36 216 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋3
[ , 1] = 𝑎 + ( ) × 𝑏 + ( ) × 𝑐 + ( ) × 𝑑 = 1
2 2 4 8

So,
2 −4
𝑎 = 0, 𝑏= ,⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑐 = 0,⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑑 = ⁡ 3
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
∴ the polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) that interpolates 𝑓:⁡𝑥0 = − 6 , 𝑥1 = 0,⁡⁡⁡𝑥2 = 6 ,⁡⁡
𝜋 2 4
⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑥3 = 2 is 𝑝(𝑥) = (𝜋) × 𝑥 − (𝜋3 ) × 𝑥 3

b.
 𝜋 2 𝜋 4 𝜋3 1 4
c. 𝑝 ( 3 ) = (𝜋) × ( 3 ) − (𝜋3 ) × 3
= 2 − 27×𝜋2

𝜋 𝜋
Thus, the approximation of 𝑓 ( 3 ) ≈ 𝑝 3 ≈ 0.485

QUESTION 6
𝑛
1
𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑓 𝑛+1 (𝜉𝑥 ) ∏(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 )
(𝑛 + 1)!
𝑖=0

𝜉𝑥 ⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑖𝑛⁡𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥⁡𝑎𝑛𝑑⁡𝑥𝑛
The error formula is given for Newton’s Forward-Differences Interpolation is;
𝑠
=( ) ℎ𝑛+1 𝑓 (𝑛+1) (𝜉𝑥 )
𝑛+1
𝑠 𝑛+1
=⁡( ) (𝑥𝑗+1 − 𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓 (𝑛+1) (𝜉𝑥 )
𝑛+1
Multiple of both side with (𝑛 + 1)!
𝑠 𝑛+1
= (𝑛 + 1)! 𝑥𝑛 (𝑥0 ) = (( ) (𝑥𝑗+1 − 𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓 (𝑛+1) (𝜉𝑥 ))⁡(𝑛 + 1)!
𝑛+1
Organize the formula
𝑠
𝐸𝑛 (𝑥0 ) = ( ) (𝑥𝑛+1 − 𝑥𝑖 )𝑛+1 𝑓 (𝑛+1) (𝜉𝑥 )(𝑛 + 1)!
𝑛+1
Now compare with the error formula for the Lagrange interpolation

(𝑛 + 1)!
𝑠=
(𝑠 − 𝑛 − 1)!