Placement: Public Health Engineering Deparmtne

Community Development Unit

Internal Supervisor:
Dr. Muhammad Jaffar
Lecturer
Department of Social Work
External Supervisor:
Community Development Officer
Public Health Engineering Department Bahawalpur
Submitted By:
Roll NO. 01
BS (Hons) Social Work
Semester 8th
Session (2015- 2019)

Department of Social Work

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

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Start with THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST
BENIFICENT THE MOST MERCIFUL.

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 Acknowledgement
To start with the name of ALLAH Almighty. Who is the lords of Lord & king
of the kings whose Blessing is uncountable, whose being is internal, whose mercy is
unlimited, whose provisions are un-ending. The proverb “knowledge is power” is one
true as it was in the session of field work. I gain much experience, which I could not
gain without this training. It is human nature that the learning process continued in his
life till death. So every step of his life he learn different experience.

In the same way I got many useful experience during my field some time these
experience are good or worse, but here we learnt, never lose hope and worked in
different conditions with different people in the society but what we learn is just
because of the fully cooperation of our respected teachers. My Internal supervisor
(Dr. Muhammad Jaffar) and External supervisor (Mam Sadia Yasmeen) they
showed the right path so I became able to fulfill my duties.

I am thankful to all who guide me kindly to fulfill the demand of field work. in

the last I am thankful to my fellows they were also very cooperative.

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 Introduction
I have replaced in Public Health Engineering Department Bahawalpur with my
group under the supervision of Miss Sadia Yasmeen as my external Supervisor and
Dr. Muhammad Jaffar as my Internal Supervisor. This report contain a bit reflection
of those activities with I performed in the field placement. It was a new experience for
me to work in Community Development Setting. Therefore possibility of mistake
maybe jotted down in the report. I hope that reader of this report with critically over
look this report and they will suggest me important things that I have improved my
skills in practicing Community Development.

Group Members

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 Table of Contents
What is community development?.................................................................................2
Community:................................................................................................................2
Development:.............................................................................................................2
Definition of Community development:....................................................................2
Definition...................................................................................................................2
Types of community development.............................................................................2
Homogeneous.............................................................................................................2
Urban Community:.....................................................................................................2
Rural Community:......................................................................................................2
Semi-Urban Community:...........................................................................................2
Developed Community:.............................................................................................2
Developing Community:............................................................................................2
Under-Developed Community:..................................................................................2
Objectives of Community Development....................................................................2
To Bring about planned change:................................................................................2
Community Education:..............................................................................................2
Community Resource Management:..........................................................................2
Building healthy Relationship:...................................................................................2
Community organizing:.............................................................................................2
Steps of Community Development............................................................................2
Step 1: Study Community:.....................................................................................2
Step 2: Planning:....................................................................................................2
Step 3: Execution:..................................................................................................2
Step4:Supervision:.................................................................................................2
Step5: Monitoring:.................................................................................................2
Step 6: Outcome Evolution;...................................................................................2
Principle of community development........................................................................2
Principle of acceptance..............................................................................................2
Principle of the Right of self-determination...............................................................2
Principle of equal Opportunities:...............................................................................2
Principle of self-Help.................................................................................................2

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 Principle of felt need..................................................................................................2
Objective of field work..............................................................................................2
Activities........................................................................................................................2
Activity # 1.................................................................................................................2
Public health and Engineering department................................................................2
Introduction of field placement:.................................................................................2
CBM Community Based Motivators.....................................................................2
Objectives of department...........................................................................................2
Project cycle...............................................................................................................2
Activity...........................................................................................................................2
Activity # 2.................................................................................................................2
PATS Project..............................................................................................................2
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS).................................................................2
CLTS (community led total sanitation);....................................................................2
 Tiring Session..................................................................................................2
Activity:..........................................................................................................................2
Activity # 3.................................................................................................................2
Conclusion:................................................................................................................2
Activity:..........................................................................................................................2
Activity # 4.................................................................................................................2
SUPERVISION..........................................................................................................2
My Internal Supervisor..............................................................................................2
My External Supervisor.............................................................................................2
Self-Evolution............................................................................................................2

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 What is community development?

Community:
Community is a large group of people living together in a geographical area,
sharing the common ways of life, people living with sense of self-feelings form of
community”.

Development:
Development is a continues process that moves from poor state of affairs to the best
states of affairs. Development refers to physical, economic, political social religion
cultural moral, educational, mental and emotional state of wellbeing.

Definition of Community development:

There are many definitions of community development. The definitions vary
according to the type of the agency, the setting, and the method of operation and the
purpose of the agency.

Definition

Community development seeks for better life and human wellbeing not only
or present but also In future.

Types of community development

There are some types of community development are given below

Homogeneous

The community possessing similar characteristics it’s called Homogeneous

community. Heterogeneous; The community possessing dissimilar characteristics it’s
called heterogeneous community.

Urban Community:

The community where population very thick, all the basic necessities of life
are available and people have high level of awareness about their rights and
responsibilities.

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Rural Community:

The community where people grow their own food and have their own style to
live. They have their own foods, crops, vegetables, milks they do not need to buy
more things from market and vegetable and fruits are also coming from rural to the
urban area.

Semi-Urban Community:

The community possesses characteristics of both urban and rural community is

called semi-urban community.

Developed Community:

The community where awareness level is much high and modern facilities of
life are available and people have easy access to the things is called developed
community.

Developing Community:

The community where people have low awareness and where some facilities
are available mean some things present and some things missing. Life is static and no
development is in progress.

Under-Developed Community:

The community where people struggle to get basic right and trying to get out
of poverty, it means there is no betterment area is called under-developed community
or marginalized.

Objectives of Community Development

Community development serves the following objective

To Bring about planned change:

The cause positive change is the ultimate conspicuous and foremost objective of
community development as it always seeks for change through combined effort of
various sector because without community development process can never be
crowned with success.

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Community Education:

Community development also aims at education the community about

development process and its dimensions. capacities are built, skills are developed and
critical consciousness is raised amongst the dwellers of community.

Community Resource Management:

Proper resources management and utilization always contribute to

development. therefore community development strives for planned and wise use of
internal and external resources preventing all kind of wastage and misuse so that
coherence may be established between problem and resources.

Building healthy Relationship:

Undoubtedly healthy relationship is a key to development. The healthier the

relation the faster the development.

Community organizing:

Community development also seeks for developing an atmosphere of

organization and coordination so that the development activities may be carried out in
a proper and desirable manner.

Steps of Community Development

A process is a series of connected activities which has a beginning and an end

and happen over the time. In community development process certain distinct stages
are essential for its promotion. Some simplified stages are under stated

 Studying community
 Planning
 Execution
 Monitoring
 Outcome Evaluation

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Step 1: Study Community:

Study constitutes the first step of community development. serves as foundation for
planning and execution. Study is design to explore it, identify, discover and present a
broad picture of community with its social, economic, political, religious, physical
condition, its needs, resources and problems.

Step 2: Planning:

Planning refers to think before you do. Planning constitutes the second step of
community development process it implies to purposeful formulation of future course
of action.

Step 3: Execution:

Execution deals with the implementation of checked out program for the
achievements of its objectives.

Step4:Supervision:

It is a direct observation technique to see as how the program activities are being
performed by the supervisee and observes all activities related to the quality of
services. Supervisor educates, coordinates, motivates.

Step5: Monitoring:

Monitoring is the act of overseeing the progress of the program to ensure that is being
implementation is being done in compliance with program guidelines.

Step 6: Outcome Evolution;

It is the final phase of community development .In this we evaluate our project and
analyze the strength and weakness of program. Outcome evaluation serves as guide
for future planning intervention

Principle of community development

Every profession is characterized with some working guideline which always

need to be practiced, the most important guideline sometimes become principles
which refer to the do’s and don’ts of the game, rules of right action.

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 Community development is one of the most important method of social work
has got some working principles. The proper implementation of these principle
guarantees the success of programmes as well as achievement of the target.

Principle of acceptance

This principle aims at accepting community people as they are not as you want. One
needs to be quite objective while working with community. The community worker
should accept them regardless their color caste creed class etc., because everyone has
dignity and worth.

Principle of the Right of self-determination

The aim of this principle is to give them the right of self-determination. They have
right to determine their course of action know their needs, use their resources and
decide their future.

Principle of equal Opportunities:

The aim of this principle is to give them equal opportunities regardless of any
difference of color creed caste class age sex etc. Because everyone has equality.

Principle of self-Help

The aim of this principle is to give them opportunity of self-help because GOD help
those who help them self. Principle of participation of local people. The aim of this
principle is to promote the participation of local people because it is important for
community development .people become independent and trained if thy took part in
community activity

Principle leadership of local: The aim of this principle is to make train encourage the
leaders of the society. Leadership can be developed when people realize that leaders
are from themselves.

Principle of felt need

The aim of this principle is to make people able so that they realize felt their needs.
They can felt and expressed their needs, if we motivate them by holding
programmers.

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Objective of field work

 To give opportunities for practical experience in the organization.

 To help students determine their professional strength and weakness.
 To provide training in applying skills in social work practice and work
research.
 To ensure students appreciate the need to build healthy productive
relationship.
 To enable students to understand and appreciate professional duties and
responsibilities.

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 PROFILE OF DISTRICT BAHAWALPUR

Total Villages in District 1203

Total Union Councils 107

Total Rural Union Councils 79

Total Population of District as per 1998

2433 091
Rural (1767841)
current 3.3 million
Urban (665304)

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 Activities

Activity # 1

First day we reached at office of public health engineering department .we

meet Miss Sadia community development officer and Mr.Mohsin community based
motivator .we received a warm well come by both of them .After Introduction they
gave us orientation about the Department Its working and its ongoing projects .

Public health and Engineering department

Introduction of field placement:

It was established in year 1962.In starting it was working with the housing urban
development department. Further, it was divided into zones

 Mr. Mohsin discussed about the structure of department.

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 Secretary

Zone

North (Chief Engineer) South (Chief engineer)

Circle

Bwp Multan D.G.khan Faisalabad Sahiwal

Headed by: Superintendent Engineer

Bahawalpur Division Office

Rahim Yar Khan Bahawalpur Bahawalnagar

Headed by: Executive Engineer

Bahawalpur Division

Bahawalpur Ahmadpur Hasilpur Yazman

Headed by: Sub Divisional Officer SDO

Community Development United Bahawalpur (District)

6 Tehsils

Community Development Officer (CDO)

CBM Community Based Motivators

1. Data Entry Operator

2. Junior Clerk Female
3. Peon
4. Water Testing Lab
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After discussing the structure of department, he makes us aware about the objectives
of department and the project cycle.

Objectives of department

 Prevision of clean water

 Sewerage system
 Drainage
 Provision of tuff tiles
 Prevision of filtration plant
 Brick pavements

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Project cycle

The working of the project starts with few steps. These start with the flowing things.

1. Awareness session with community

2. Flying or introductory visits of community.
3. Corner meetings /pocket meeting with community.
4. Need assessment survey / base line.
5. CBO formation => WASCO (Water and sanitation community Organization)
6. Technical training / training about house hold connections / finical training /
record keeping of CBO.
7. Before handing over visit.
8. The whole journey of project contains on these steps of mobilization in
community.

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 Activity

Activity # 2

That day Mr. Mohsin gave us details about the PATS project which is ongoing project
of public health engineering department.

PATS Project

Pakistan approach for total sanitation

The Pakistan approach for total sanitation (PATS) is towards achieving and
sustaining and open defecation free environment both in rural and urban context
with clear emphasis toward behavior change and social mobilization enhancing the
demand side of sanitation The approach endorses the use of a number of branded
total sanitation model, having a key role of communities which include :

 Community led total sanitation .

 School led total sanitation.
 Component sharing.
 Sanitation marketing.
 Disaster response

These are the approaches used in PATS project mainly CITS is used now a day.

Community led total sanitation.

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)

Community Led Total sanitation (CLTS) methodology is an entry point to

achieve “total sanitation” and not a total sanitation in itself. It is an effective approach
for triggering action to change defecation behaviors at the community level and to
create demand for improved sanitation facilities. CLTS encourages sanitation, as a
whole, to be taken as an entry point for greater social change and community
mobilization. The CLTS process seeks to provoke communities through their own
appraisal and analysis to decide to become open defecation free (ODF) and undertake
their own efforts to attain this status.

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 CLTS is an approach in which people in rural communities are facilitated to
do their own appraisal and analysis, come to their own conclusions, and take their
own action. They are not instructed or taught. With CLTS in its classical form, a small
team of facilitators conduct triggering. The facilitators may represent government,
NGO or project staff, or Natural Leaders from other communities. The PRA
(Participatory Rural Appraisal) principle that ‘they can do it’ is fundamental to this
approach. Various PRA methods are used including participatory mapping on the
ground to show where people live and where they defecate, transect walks to visit and
stand in those places, calculations of quantities of human faces (the crude local word
is used) produced by each household and the community, and identifying pathways to
the mouth leading to the shocking recognition that ‘we are eating one another’s shit’.
This triggering is designed to lead to a moment of ignition and a collective decision to
end Open Defecation (OD) followed by action to become Open Defecation Free
(ODF). When triggering is successful, Natural Leaders emerge. People dig pit holes
and build latrines. There are no standard models and construction is by self-help with
or without purchase of hardware from the market.

CLTS (community led total sanitation);

Founder of CLTS was Dr. Kamalkar who was a social activity in India. It was
started in Mardan in 2005 in union council Seri Behlol Anzerkili village.

 Tiring Session

First before starting the project we follow few steps.

1. Introduction and rapo building:

It is very necessary subject to do. Introduction with the community is

necessary for starting the repo building which is compulsory for community
participation.

2. Social Mapping:

In Social Mapping trigging Session are conducted. In which CBMs done

selection of CRP, Training of CRPs is included. Further they conduct a baseline
survey.

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 3. Transect Walk:

Transect walk is conducted by community.

4. Calculation of fesses is included.

If, one day defecation = 1kg

Then, one week defecation = 7kg

One month defecation=30kg

6 Family members = 600kg

300*600=1800

1800*12= 216000kg

= 216000/40=5400Mun

5400/100=54 Trillian

I human defecation have 100000 bacteria 10000 parasites, 1000 eggs

5. Flow diagram
6. Glass exercise
7. Medical expenditure

1000=medical expenditure one family

5000*12 = 700000Rs

300*60000=18000000Rs

8. Social Action Plan

These are the steps. And the figures which shows that how harmful is open
defecation in villages. More than earning they have expenditure on medicine and
health facilities.

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 Activity:

Activity # 3

We visited UC Tebi Izzat Moussa dhakwana tehsil Ahmedpur our team was
consist of four members two members was from office .

i.e Mr. Mohsin

Miss Rehana

Romana Azeem

Dilshah husasain

Our purpose of visit was the selection of CRPs for conducting base line
survey.

First, of all we conducted pocket meeting with the key -person of UC .Then,
he make efforts to gather the few community members for selection of CRPs .we
selected them .Mr. Mohsin guide them how to conduct a base line survey.

Conclusion:

I concluded that awareness about the department of public health was enough. We
learn to deal with the community in UC = Tebi izzat

When we conduct some pocket and corner meeting with CRPs. It was learning
experience for us.

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 Activity:

Activity # 4
This activity was about the social action plan .In this activity we learnt how to
make a social Action plan for organizing an activity of any project.

Sr. No Activity Time Resources Objectives

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Social action plan is designed by few things. In which resources are required.
There are 4 types of Resources:

1. Man
2. Money
3. Material

Each activity is conducted on the basis of some objectives. Time and place of
activity is also part of social action plan.

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SUPERVISION

I am very thankful to my internal and external supervise who guides me very kindly at
every Supervision means overseeing. The process of checking and overseeing by an
authority named as supervisor is called supervision. So we work under supervision or
our selected supervisor.

My Internal Supervisor

I am very thankful to my internal supervisor Dr. Muhammad Jaffar who guides me

very kindly at every step. I can consult with him at any time which is his kindness for
students. I learn much from him.

My External Supervisor

My external supervisor Mam Sadia Yasmeen who guides me in every step of field
work. I am very thankful to my external supervisor who gives me more information
and knowledge about community development, his kindness for student. I learn much
from him.

Self-Evolution

Self-evaluation is one of the most difficult parts of the fieldwork because one can’t
judge the one’s success or failure on his own. On the whole worker can feel changing
in his personality. I was placed in Community Development Bahawalpur for field
work training.

1. I tried my best to gain much experience during my field. It brings many

changes in my personality.
2. In this setting I talk much confidently how to talk with others in our life
professionally or personally.
3. The supervision of the department and the agency gave me much help and it
was only their guidance, which made me able to gain that confident.

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