P.7 SST Notes Term 2 and 3
P.7 SST Notes Term 2 and 3
P.7 SST Notes Term 2 and 3
T NOTES
VOCABULARY
Ethnic group: This is a group of people who share the same origin and speak related languages.
Tribe: This is a group of people who speak the same language and have the same customs.
Clans: This is a group of people who share the same totem.
Migration: This is the movement of people from one place to another for settlement.
Culture: The accepted way of behavior in society.
Customs: The accepted practices of society.
Totem: The object that is respected as symbol in a clan.
Race: Group of people with similar colour , shape of the head, nose and eyes.
Ancestor: Person who lived long ago in the family.
Origin: Place where people started living.
Settlement: Place where people have come to live and make their homes.
Lineage: A Small group of people within a clan or it’s a series of families under one ancestor.
Races in Africa:
-Negroes.
-Caucasians.
Origin of ethnic groups in Africa:
Interlacustine kingdoms
• Buganda kingdom • Toro kingdom
• Wanga kingdom • Karagwe kingdom
• Ankole kingdom • Bunyoro kingdom
Great lakes of East Africa:
• L. Victoria • L. Albert
• L.Kyoga • L.George
• L. Tanganyika • L. Malawi
• L.Edward
Pygmies (Bambuti):
• They are the earliest people to live in Africa
• They settled in Ituri forests of DRC, Congo and Gabon.
• Their occupation is hunting.
• They are short and dark skinned with broad nose.
• They are about 137cm tall.
• They are fruit gatherers.
Semites:
• They migrated from South East Asia:
• They settled in North Africa and the Horn of Africa:
Coloureds
• They live in South Africa
• They are as a result of intermarriage between Whites, Asians and Blacks.
Afrikaners:
• They live in South Africa.
• They are descendants of the Boers
• Their language is called Afrikaan
• They are descendants of the the Dutch settlers
• They existed through intermarriage between the Dutch and the Blacks in South Africa.
• The Dutch migrated from Netherland(Holland) and settled in the republic of South Africa.
• The Dutch who were brought to carryout farming in South were called the Boers.
• The Dutch formed the first colony in Africa called Cape Colony
The Khoisan
• Originated from the Central African forests
• The Khoisans are the earliest inhabitants of Southern Africa.
• They comprise of the Khoi Khoi and the San.
• The San are also called the Bushmen.
• Khokhoi were called Hottentots by Europeans.
• The Khoisan speak a language with click sound.
• Khoikhoi are pastoralists while the San are hunters/fruit gatherers.
• They were displaced by Bantu and Europeans from their homelands.
• Today they live in Kalahari and Namib deserts.
• Khoisan have reduced in number because they have been absorbed by the Bantu.
The Negroes
• They are the skinned people of Africa living South of the Sahara.
• The Negroes are considered to be Bantu.
• Their origin is from the forests of West Africa.
• They are mainly crop farmers.
Groups of Negroes:
• Pure Negroes e.g Wolof, Serer,Tokolor.
• Mixed Negroes e.g Songhai,Hausa,Kanuri, Fulani.
Activity 1
How were the people of Africa politically organized during the pre-colonial time?
• Africans were organized under kingdoms.
• Under clan systems.
• Under chiefdoms
• Under empires
What is a kingdom?
• A state ruled by a king.
W hy were kingdoms restored in Uganda?
• To promote and preserve culture among the people of Uganda.
• To promote peace and unity in Uganda.
• To unite people for national development.
Which constitution abolished kingdoms in Uganda?
• The 1967 constitution.
Which kingdoms were restored in Uganda by the 1995 constitution?
• Buganda Kingdom.
• Toro kingdom
• Bunyoro Kingdom
• Busoga kingdom
Give the importance of kingdoms
• They promote culture.
• They promote unity.
• promote morals.
• They promote peace.
• They unite people for national development.
List A List B
• River Lake Nilotes Kakwa
• Plain Nilotes Nandi
• Highland Nilotes Galla
• Cushites San
• Semites Jopadhola
• Khoisan Tuaregs
c)Name the items of trade which the Berbers got from West Africa during the Trans-
Saharan trade
i)Ivory
ii)Gold
iii)Skins and hides
iv)Ostrich feathers
2.Why did the traders move in Caravans during the Trans-Saharan trade?
For protection
SLAVE TRADE
What is Slave Trade?
The buying and selling of human beings.
What is was slavery?
This was the possession of a person by another people illegally.
Negative effects
-Loss of lives
-Human suffering
-Loss of culture
-Famine
-Depopulation
-Tribal conflicts emerged
-Destruction of property
Questions
1.a)Mention the treaties that were signed to stop slave trade in East Africa
-Moresby treaty – 1871
-Harmattan treaty – 1876
-Frere treaty – 1878
7.What role was played by each of the following people during the construction of the
Kenya-Uganda railway.
i).Engineer George White House
He was the chief engineer during the construction of the railway.
ii).Major MacDonald
He was the chief surveyor during the construction of the railway.
iii).Colonel Patterson
He killed the man eaters of Tsavo.
iv).Sir William Mackinnon
He brought the ideas of the construction of the Uganda railway.
v).Sir Guild Ford
He was the last engineer to inspect the Uganda railway.
EXPLORERS IN AFRICA
1.Who is an explorer?
A person who leaves his country to another country or continent to search for information.
Bartholomew Diaz
-He was a Portuguese.
He wanted to find a sea route to India.
He was the first explorer to sail around Cape Town.
6.Why did Bartholomew Diaz call Cape Town the Cape of Good Hope?
Vasco Da Gama
-He was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to India.
-He started his journey from Lisbon, Portugal.
1.What problems were faced by Vasco Da Gama during his journey to India?
- Lack of supplies.
- Storms
- Diseases like scurvy
2.Why was it necessary for Vasco Da Gama to find the sea route to India?
-To avoid the high taxation from the Ottoman empire.
-He wanted to ease trade between India and Portugal.
3.Name the items of trade the Portuguese wanted from India
- Spices
- Silk
- Gold
EXPLORERS TO WEST AFRICA
Mongo Park
-He tried to find the source of R. Niger
-He died at Bussa Falls.
Other explorers
Richard Lander, John Lander, Gordon Laing and Hugh Clapperton also tried to find the source of
R.NIGER
Questions
1. Why was West Africa called the White man’s grave?
Many white men died from there.
2. How did Mungo Park meet his death?
He drowned at Bussa Falls.
3. Mention three problems that were faced by Explorers in West Africa.
i) Hostile tribes.
ii) Tropical diseases.
iii) Attacks from wild animals
Qn 1.Why did Sir Samuel Baker not welcomed in Bunyoro Kitara Kindgom?
Qn 2.Why did Omukama Kabalega resist Sir Samuel Baker?
Qn 3.Why did Kasagama of Toror welcome Sir Samuel Baker and Lugard?
JOHN SPEKE
-He discovered the source of R.Nile.
-He was the first European to see L. Victoria.
-He renamed Kiira falls as Rippon falls.
Questions
1. Why is it wrong to say that Speke discovered the source of R. Nile?
2. Why were the Europeans interested in finding the source of R.Nile?
3. In which way was R.Nile responsible for the coming of the first Europeans to Africa.
Questions
1. Apart from Dr. David Livingstone, write other explorers that moved to central Africa.
2.a) Write down two organizations that sponsored the above Explorers.
b) In which ways were the above organizations important to explorers.
3. How did the explorers lead to the exploitation of Africa’s resources?
4. Mention two positive effects of explorers to Africa.
5. How did the coming of explorers affect Africa negatively?
MISSIONARIES IN AFRICA
1.Who is a missionary?
A person who leaves his country to another country to spread the word of God.
2.Give reasons why missionaries came to Africa.
-They came to spread Christianity.
-They came to stop slave trade.
-They introduced formal education.
Qn1 .How did the mission station at Rabai Mpya contribute to the spread of
Christianity?
It helped people to learn how to read religious books.
Qn2 .How dis Ludwig Krapf contribute to the spread of Christianity in East Africa?
-He build a mission station at Rabai Mpya.
-He translated the English bible into Kiswahili.
2.Johann Rebmann
-He was a missionary who helped Krapf to start a mission station.
-He discovered Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Qn1.Name the first missionaries to come to East Africa.
-Johann Ludwig Krapf
-Johann Rebmann
Questions
1.How did the missionaries contribute to the development of Africa?
2. State the negative effects of missionaries to Africa.
3. Write down the economic contributions of missionaries to Africa.
4. Give the social contributions of missionaries to Africa.
5. Mention the political effects of missionaries to Africa.
6. What were the achievement of missionaries in Africa?
7. State the missionary groups in Africa.
8. a) Mention the missionary that promoted health services in Uganda.
b) How did the above missionary promote health service in Uganda?
9. a) Which missionaries contributed to the economic development of Uganda?
b) How did the above missionaries contribute to the development in Uganda?
Europe
Sugar clothes
Silver guns
Tobacco cups and plates
Gold
Cotton
Tea
Copper
Questions
1. Why was the Heligoland treat signed?
2. What were the contributions of GEACo to the people of Tanganyika?
3. In which way was GEACo a disadvantage to the people of Tanganyika?
4. Who spear headed the colonization of Tanganyika?
5. Who were the Akidas and Jumbes in Tanganyika?
6.Mention the goods which the European traders got from Africa.
7.Mention the goods which the European traders brought to Africa?
8.How did the European traders contribute to the development of Africa?
PARTITION OF AFRICA
This was the peaceful division at African territories among European countries for colonization.
Reasons for scramble / partition of Africa.
a)Economic reasons
-The Europeans wanted raw materials for their industries.
-They wanted to invest their surplus capital.
-They wanted market for their finished goods.
-They wanted to settle their unemployed population.
b)Social reasons
-They wanted to stop slave trade.
-They wanted to spread Christianity.
-They wanted to introduce formal education.
8.Name he countries in Africa that were colonized by the colonial masters above.
Britain France Belgium Germany Portugal Spain Italy
South Africa Madagascar Democratic Namibia Angola Equatorial Somalia
Republic of Guinea
Congo
Botswana Chad Congo Brazaville Tanzania Mozambique Libya
Zimbabwe Niger Rwanda
Zambia Benin Burundi
Malawi Burkina Faso Cameroon
Uganda Ivory coast Togo
Kenya Sierra Leone
Sudan Guinea Bissau
Eritrea Gambia
Egypt Mali
Nigeria Mauritania
Ghana Algeria
Morocco
Tunisia
Questions
1. Name the countries in Africa that were not colonized.
2. What name is given to the above countries?
3. Give reasons why Ethiopia was not colonized.
4. Why was Liberia not colonized?
5. Mention the methods that were used by colonialists to establish their rule in Africa.
6. Write down the methods of administration that were used by colonialists in Africa.
7. What is indirect rule?
8. What was direct rule.
9. What was assimilation?
10. Write the advantages of indirect rule.
11. Why did the colonialists use the direct rule system of administration in their colonies?
12. Mention one country in Africa where direct rule system of administration was used.
13. How did the Africans react towards colonialism?
14. Mention the Africans who resisted against colonial rule.
15. Give some reasons why some Africans resisted against colonial rule.
16. Why were African defeated as they resisted colonialists?
17. Mention the Africans who collaborated with the colonialists.
18. Give reasons why some African collaborated with colonialists.
19. How did the Africans suffer during their resistance against colonialists>
20. What were the characteristics of colonial rule in Africa?
21. Why were Europeans interested in colonizing Africa?
22. What were the positive effects of colonial rule in Africa?
23. What were the negative effects of colonial rule on Africa?
24. Mention the countries in Africa which are known as European colonies.
25. Mention the countries that founded the federation of Central Africa.
26. What were the disadvantages of direct rule where it was applied?
27. Give the humanitarian reasons for the coming of foreigners to Africa.
28. How did the industrial revolution in Europe contribute to the exploitation of Africa’s resources?
29. How did the agricultural revolution contribute to the colonization of Africa?
30.a) Why do you think the colonialists never encouraged the building of heavy industries in
Africa?
b. How has this affected the economic development of Africa?
c) Why is it important to process agricultural products before export?
d) Why did the colonialists intend to keep low prices for the raw materials from Africa?
e) How were foreign religions to Africa hindered unity among African?
31. Give any three advantages of the introduction of Christianity and Islam in Africa.
32. How were colonialists able to communicate to the Africans?
33. Why did the colonialists refuse Africans to grow cash crops?
7. In which way is traditional education different from formal education?
8. Why did the colonialists introduce cash crop growing in Africa? Give three reasons
THE SETTLERS IN AFRICA
It was the last group of foreigners to come and settle in Africa.
The settlers include;
-Europeans
-Asians (Indians, Malay, Chinese)
-Arabs
What problems were faced by the Dutch (Boers) during the Great Trek?
i).Shortage of food.
ii).Poor transport.
iii).Disease outbreak
iv) Harsh climate.
v)They fought wars with the people they met around R.Vaal. (Shaka Zulu)
4.Booker T. Washington
-He encouraged Africans to improve their welfare through education.
-He organized the Pan African conference in 1945.
-He fought against racial segregation
-He encouraged patience and hard work among the Negroes.
Edward Wilmot Blyden:
-He educated people in West Africa about Pan Africanism.
-He encouraged African to love and preserve their culture.
-He wrote books which taught Africans not to regard themselves as inferior.
-He encouraged the study of African history and languages in schools.
J.E.K Aggrey:
-He encouraged Africans to value education.
-He encouraged Africans to cooperate with whites in order to progress.
5.Dr. Kwame Nkrumah
-He was a young Pan Africanist from Ghana
-He organized the first Pan African conference in African in 1958 in Ghana.
6 Leopold Senghor
-He was from Senegal
-He founded the Negritude Intellectual Movement to promote African culture
-He founded the Black Students newspaper which wrote experiences of Africans in France.
Methods used by Pan Africanists in their struggle:
-Meetings/conferences.
-Media.
Problems Pan Africanists faced:
-Lack of unity.
-Lack of enough funds.
-Differences in political ideologies.
People who attended the Pan African conference in 1958 in Ghana
i)Kwame Nkrumah from Ghana.
ii)Emperor Haile Sellassie fro Ethiopia.
iii)Abdel Nasser from Egypt.
iv)Muhammed Adris from Libya.
v)King Hassan II of Morocco.
vi)William Tolbert from Liberia.
NB:The nationalists who attended the 1958 Pan African conference were from countries which
were
independent before .
3. Name the people who attended the pan-African conference of 1945 in
Manchester in England.
- Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.
- Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya
- Kamuzu Banda of Malawi
-Peter Abrahams of South Africa.
What were the recommendations of the 1945 Pan-African Conference in
Manchester in England.
- Africans were to start political parties.
- They were to form trade unions.
- To form cooperative societies
Questions:
1.How is nationalism practiced at home?
By caring and protesting family members.
2.How is nationalism practiced in schools?
By singing and respecting the national anthe
3.When do we celebrate Heroes Day in Uganda?
9th June every year.
INDEPENDENCE
1.What is independence/
When a country is free from colonial rule.
2.How did the Africans fight for independence?
-By forming political parties.
-By staging rebellions.
-Staging riots.
-Boycotting the European goods.
-Through demonstrations.
Questions
1.Who formed the Democratic Party?
2.Why did Kiwanuka go to the Lanchester House Conference in London?
3.Who was the first president of Uganda?
4.How did Muteesa II become the first president of Uganda?
5.How did KY help Obote to become the first executive prime minister of Uganda?
6.What title was given to the leader of government in 1962.
7.How many constitution has Uganda had?
13.Ignatius Kangave Musaazi
-He formed the first political party in Uganda (Uganda National Congress (UNC)
-He formed the Uganda Africa Farmers Union to fight for the rights of the Africa farmers.
Questions
1.What did Musaazi form UNC?
To fight for Uganda’s independence.
2.How did UNC fight for Uganda’s independence?
-It United Ugandans to demand for independence.
-It demanded more seats for Africans in the Legislative council.
3.Why did Musaazi form the Uganda African farmers Union?
-To demand for high prices for cotton.
-He wanted Africans to process their cotton.
-He wanted farmers to have freedom of exporting their cotton.
Questions:
4.Which organization was formed by Kamya to demand the rights to farmers?
Uganda Farmers Union.
5.Why did Kamya form the Uganda Farmers Union in 1945.
-To demand for high prices for cotton.
-He wanted Africans to process their cotton.
-He wanted farmers to have freedom of exporting their cotton.
Questions
1.Write the first line of the first stanza in the National anthem.
2.What do we learn from the first stanza of the National Anthem.
3.Write the first line of the second stanza.
4.What do we learn from the second stanza of the National anthem.
5.Write the first line of the third stanza of the National anthem.
6.What do we learn from the third stanza of the National Anthem?
7.Who named Uganda the Pearl of Africa?
8.Why did Winston name Uganda Pearl of Africa?
3.Mention the economic reasons why Africans wanted independence?
-Africans wanted their land back.
-To end unfair taxation.
-They wanted freedom of growing cash crops.
-Africans wanted higher salaries.
4.Political reasons why Africans fought for independence.
-Africans wanted to rule themselves.
-They wanted to b represented on LEGCO.
-Africans chiefs and kings had lost their authority.
-They wanted freedom of electing leaders.
A Political party:
-It is a group of people who share the same ideas about how the country should be governed.
-It is a group of people aiming at taking over power and exercising it.
Roles of political parties:
-To nominate candidates to represent their belief.
-To conduct political campaigns.
-To monitor the work of the elected officials.
-To direct resources towards a common goal.
Multiparty system:
This is where there are more than one political party in a country competing for power.
Advantages of multiparty system:
-There is room to choose better leaders.
-It provides peaceful means of changing the government.
-It promotes respect for human rights.
-The ruling party tries to develop the country in fear of losing the elections.
-It develops government organs.
Disadvantages of multiparty system.
-It causes confusion, quarrels and conflicts.
-It leads to high chances of rigging elections.
-It leads to the killing, torture,and imprisonment of members of opposition.
-It leads to division among people.
-It increases favouritism and corruption.
-Decisions and programmes take long to be worked on.
-It increases injustice
-It leads to more election petitions.
Single party system:
It is a system where only one political party controls the government.
FAILURES OF OAU.
-Failed to have a military force.
-Failed to prevent coups in some African countries.
-Failed to end civil wars in some African countries.
-Failed to promote co-operation between some African countries.
4.Questions
a) Which country has the COMESA headquarter?
-Zambia at Lusaka.
b) Which country has the COMESA bank?
-Burundi
c) Who is the Chairman and general secretary of COMESA?
-Chairman – Joseph Kabila.
-General secretary – Sindiso Ngwenya – Senegal.
5.Problems facing COMESA
-Political instability.
-Shortage of funds.
-Similar goods.
-Poor road network.
Questions
1. What are the functions of the East African Development Bank?
i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Why do you think it was necessary to revive the East African Community?
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Which economic grouping unites countries in the regions below?
a) East Africa………………………………………………………
b) Central Africa………………………………………………………
c) Southern Africa……………………………………………………….
d) West Africa……………………………………………………………
Oil exporting countries…………………………………………………..
5. Mention the organ of African Union responsible for the day to day affairs of the
organization.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Which organ of African Union is responsible for economic development in Africa?
…………………………………………………………..
7. State the names of the first four people to represent Uganda in the pan African
Parliament.
i) ........................................................................................................................
..............................
ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) …………………………………………………………………….................................................
....
iv) ........................................................................................................................
....................
8. Give three reasons why most African countries continue to depend on foreign countries.
i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….
ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9.a) Write in full NEPAD.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State the aim of NEPAD.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Why is Tanzania not a member of COMESA?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.Give the functions of UNEB.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Give three reasons why most countries in Africa are not developed yet they have
common markets.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Mention two economic achievements of AU.
i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
14.Why do you think it was necessary for AU to replace OAU?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
15.Write OAU in full.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16.Which body has been formed to replace the OAU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Which countries qualify to be members of the OAU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Who suggested the name OAU for the African body?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. Why is Morocco not a member of the African Union?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Where were the headquarters of the OAU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Give four reasons why the OAU was formed.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Mention any four organs that were part of the former OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. State three duties of the Assembly of Heads of state.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. Mention the two years when the OAU summit meetings were held in Uganda.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. Mention the two Presidents of Uganda who have ever chaired the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. In which year was the OAU formed?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Why is Kenya not a founder member of the OAU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. Mention any four founder countries of the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. Mention any four founder presidents of the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. Which was the last country to join OAU in 1994?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
31. Which was the last country to get independence in Africa?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
32. Which organ of the OAU was headed by a Secretary-General?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
33. State three duties that were carried out by the Secretary-General of the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
34. Who was the first secretary general of the OAU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
35. Who is the current chairperson of the AU?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
36. State four achievements of the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
37. Identify one aim of the OAU that was achieved.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
38.In which country is the African Development Bank located?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
39. Explain four ways in which the OAU was successful.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
40. Suggest four reasons why you think the OAU failed in some of its duties.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41. Outline four problems facing the AU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
42. Suggest four reasons why regional economic groupings were formed.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
43. Mention four problems that were faced by the OAU.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
44. Give two reasons why ECOWAS formed.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
45. In which city is the headquarters of the ECOWAS?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
46. In which city is the headquarters of the revived East African Community located?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
47. Give two reasons for the collapse of the East African Community in 1977.
i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
48. Write OPEC in full.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
49. Give two reasons why OPEC was formed.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
50. Outline four challenges facing regional bodies.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
51. Suggest four solutions to the problems faced by the regional bodies.
i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
iv) ..............................................................................................................
..................................
52. Name the organisation that unites all former colonies of Britain.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
53. What are dominion states?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
54. Give three reasons why it was necessary for African countries to unite after
independence.
i. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
55. Name the largest economic grouping in Africa.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
56. In which town is the COMESA Bank located?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
57. Explain how COMESA is important to member states.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
58. Mention four countries that are member of COMESA.
i.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
59. Name the country in North Africa that is a member of the COMESA.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
60. What is ECOWAS in full?
...................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
...............................................................................
b)The secretariat
-It is headed by the General secretary.
-It runs the day to day affairs of United Nations.
-It makes the budget for UN.
-It makes the agenda for the UN General assembly.
c)Economic and social council
It works through UN agencies to make life better for people.
d)General Assembly
-It is composed of representatives of all the member nations.
-It admits new members.
e)International Court of Justice
It settles disputes among member countries.
Achievements of United Nations Organization
-It has maintained world peace since its formation.
-It has promoted respect for human rights through.
-It has settled border conflicts.
-It has lived up to today trying to improve the welfare of people.
Challenges of United Nations Organization
-It has failed to maintain peace in some parts of the world.
-It has failed to eradicate poverty in some parts of the world.
-It has failed to control AIDS.
The United Nations Agencies
-These are specialized organization under United Nations.
-The UN agencies work hard to improve the social and economic welfare of people.
Examples of UN agencies
-IMF – International Monetary Fund.
-UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund.
-FAO – Food and Agriculture Organisation.
-IBRD -International Bank for Reconstruction ad Develop.
-ILO – International Labour Organization.
-WHO – World Health Organization.
N.B
The UN agencies get funds from United Nations Organisation.
Questions
1.In which way has UNICEF tries to improve welfare of people in Uganda?
-It has provided drugs for immunization.
-It has funded schools / provided books to schools.
-It has constructed health centres.
-It has provided safe water to schools.
-It has constructed latrines in schools.
2.In which way is FAO important to African countries?
-It helps in providing quality seeds to farmers.
-It provided food to countries affected by famine.
-It helps to teach farmers better methods of farming.
IMF- It lends money to poor nations to pay their debts.
-Advises poor nations on how to run their economy.
ILO-It creates a good working relationship between employers and employees.
-Labour day is celebrated on 1st May every year.
3.How is Red Cross similar to UNHCR?
4.How is Red cross different from UNHCR?
5.Give one function of UNESCO.
6.Mention any three UN agencies operating in Uganda.
Colony: They were formerly controlled by Britain with the aim of making settlements e.g
Kenya, Zimbabwe.
Why are most countries in Africa not able to exploit the mineral wealth?
-Due to low level of science and technology.
-Lack of machinery.
-Lack of capital.
-Poor transport network.
-Political instability.
Questions
1.Mention the factors that influences the distribution of resources in Africa
-Vegetation influence good climate.
-Climate influence vegetation.
-Vegetation influence wildlife.
-Areas where vulcanicity took place there are many minerals.
-Some countries have rocks with minerals.
INDUSTRIALISATION
What is industrialization?
This is the development of industries in an area.
Mention the advantages of industrialization in country.
-Creates employment.
-People get market for their goods.
-The government earns revenue in form of taxes (excise tax)
-Leads to the development of social services.
-People get finished goods.
Question
1 Name the tourist attractions found in Libya?
i) Sand dunes ii) Oases
iii) Desert climate iv) Coastal beaches
v) Oil fields
Differences between Uganda and Libya
i)Uganda was colonized by Britain while Libya was colonized by Italy.
ii)Uganda is landlocked while Libya has a seaport.
iii)Uganda has tropical climate while Libya has desert climate.
iv)Uganda is a member of EAC and COMESA while Libya is a member of OPEC.
v)Uganda is located in East Africa while Libya is located in North Africa.
vi)Uganda had a bigger population than Libya.
vii)The economy of Uganda depends on agriculture while the economy of Libya depends on oil
mining.
viii)Uganda is a member of common wealth organization unlike Libya.
ix)Uganda’s official language is English while Libya’s official language is Arabic.
Questions
1. How was crude oil formed?
2. Name the rocks where crude oil is found.
3. Which other natural resource is found with crude oil?
4. Mention the method of mining used in getting out crude oil.
5. Describe the location of oil fields in Libya.
6. What machine is used to drill crude oil?
7. How is crude oil transported to the refinery in Libya?
8. Give three advantages of transporting crude oil used pipelines.
9. What is a refinery?
10. Mention the tank where crude oil is put and heated at the refinery.
11. Mention the products from crude oil.
12. State the by products of crude oil.
13. How does Libya benefit from oil exploitation?
PROBLEMS FACED BY THE OIL MINING INDUSTRY IN LIBYA
- Pollution
- Shortage of labour in other economic sectors.
- Price fluctuation of oil.
Questions
1. How has the oil mining industry affected other economic sectors in Libya?
2. How does climate affect the economic development of Libya?
3. Suggest two advantages of Libya has of her population.
4. Suggest the difference in terms of oil benefit in Nigeria and Libya.
5. Give two reasons why Libya’s oil is on great demand compared to other countries.
6. Give one reason why Uganda does not import oil.
7. Give one advantage of importing crude oil.
8. Give four reasons why Libya is more developed in the North than in the South.
9. Give two reasons why Southern Libya is not developed.
10. Give two reasons why OPEC was formed.
NEIGBOURS OF NIGERIA
North South
-Niger -Atlantic Ocean
-East -Northeast
-Cameroon -Chad
-West - Benin
NIGERIA’S LOCATION
Questions
1. Write down member countries of OPEC in Africa.
2. Name food crops grown in Nigeria.
3. Name cash crops grown in Nigeria.
4a) How has Nigeria benefited from her large population?
b) In which way is the population of Nigeria a disadvantage?
5. Compare Uganda and Nigeria in terms of;
a) Population
b) Development
c) Location
d) Economy
e) Historical background
f) Climate
10.Mention the factors that have contributed to the industrial development of South
Africa.
- Availability of raw materials.
- Labour (skilled and unskilled)
- Availability of markets.
- Availability of capital.
- Good transport.
- Availability of power
11.Factors that have contributed to the development of the mining sector to South
Africa
- Availability of minerals
- Availability of market.
- Availability of skilled and unskilled labour.
- Availability of capital.
- Availability of machinery.
- Good transport network.
12.Apart from South Africa, stat any other two countries in Africa which have
developed industry.
- Egypt
- Nigeria
13.Mention the economic advantages South Africa has over Uganda
- South Africa has a coastline while Uganda is landlocked.
- South Africa has more industries than Uganda.
- South Africa had better transport network than Uganda.
- South Africa has more foreign investors than Uganda.
- South Africa has more skilled labour than Uganda.
- South Africa has more mineral resources than Uganda.
- South Africa has more developed tourism industry than Uganda.
14.How has industrial development of South Africa affected other economic sectors?
- It has caused lack of labour in other economic sectors.
- It has led to low production in other economic sectors.
15.How has the mining industry of South Africa supported the development of a
country?
- It has provided raw materials to industries.
- It has created employment.
- It is a source of revenue to the country.
- South Africa has improved the infrastructure.
16.What caused the apartheid policy?
- The whites never wanted to share economic resources with blacks.
- The whites never wanted to share with blacks the politics of the country.
17.Who started the apartheid policy?
- Dr. Henrik Verwoed
- Dr. D. F. Mallon
18.How was the policy of apartheid practices in South Africa?
- Whites and blacks never shared hospitals.
- Whites and blacks never shared schools.
- Whites and blacks never shared roads.
19.How did OAU help South Africa to end the policy of apartheid?
- OAU eliminated South Africa from all African games.
- Put trade sanctions against South Africa.
- Put transport sunctions against South Africa.
20.What were the conditions in Botswana?
- Poor roads.
- Poor health services.
- High spread of diseases.
- Poor schools.
PLANTATION FARMING
This is the growing of one perennial crop on a large scale for sale.
State the factors that influence the location of a plantation farm
i) A large piece of land ii) Capital
iii)Labou iv) Market
v) Machinery vi) Transport
Give three reasons why plantation is not commonly practiced in East Africa
i) Lack of capital
ii) Lack of land
iii) Lack of machinery
How does plantation farming promote economic development to a country?
i) It employs people.
ii) It earns foreign income.
iii) Develops infrastructure in the country.
iv) Provided raw materials to industries.
v) It is a source of taxes to the government. They provide taxes to the government.
vi) They provide market to the out growers.
Mixed Farming
1.What is mixed farming?
The growing of crops and rearing of animals on the same piece of land.
2. Factors that influence the starting of a mixed farm
i) Enough land with fertile soils.
ii) Capital
iii) Enough labour
iv) Market
v) Water source
vi) Machinery
v)Animals e.g cattle, pigs, chicken
vi)Selected seeds
Advantages of mixed farming
i) A farmer get double income
ii) A farmer gets a balanced diet.
iii) Crops can be used to make animal feeds.
iv) Animals provide manure to crops.
v)A farm employs people.
vi)A farm is used for study purposes,
Disadvantages of mixed farming
i) It is very expensive to start and maintain
ii) Animals can destroy the crops.
iii) It requires a lot of land.
iv) It requires a lot of labour
v) It needs high technology
Problems affecting mixed farming
i) Crop pests and diseases.
ii) Animal disease and parasites
iii) Climatic changes
iv) Lack of enough land
v) Poor transport
vi) Shortage of market
Dairy Farming
This is the rearing of animal for milk production
Factors that influence the starting of a diary farm
i) A large piece of land
ii) Good pastures
iii) Favourable climate iv) Labour
v) Reliable source of water vi) Good veterinary services
vii) Market viii) Capital
ix) Good breeds of animals
Advantages of dairy farming
i) Employs people
ii) A farmer gets a lot of income
iii) Good breeds of cattle can be got
iv) Sources of raw material for the dairy processing factory
Disadvantages of dairy farming
i) It requires skilled labour
ii) It is expensive
iii) It needs a large piece of land
iv) Lack of ready market for dairy products
Ranching
1.What is ranching?
The rearing of cattle mainly for beef production.
2.Write down the product form a ranch
- Beef
- Hides and skins
- Horns
3.In which way does a ranch contribute to the development of an area where it is
located?
- Provides employment to people.
- Helps to develop infrastructure in the region.
- People yet beef from the farm
- They get skins from the farm.
4.How does a ranch benefit from people where it is located?
-A farm gets labour.
-A farm gets market.
5.What is livestock farming?
This is the rearing of domestic animals and birds.
6Give the importance of livestock farming
- Creates employment.
- It is a source of income by selling the animals and products.
- Source of raw material.
- Source of food.
7Mention three problems facing livestock farming
i) Animal diseases and parasites.
ii) Shortage of water and pasture.
iii) Climatic changes.
iv) Cattle rustling.
16. Give the advantage of keeping exotic breeds over local breeds
i) Exotic breeds mature faster than local breeds.
ii) Exotic breeds produce more meat than local breeds.
iii) Exotic breeds produce more milk than local breeds.