A Strong Partner for Sustainable

Development

Module
In
SCI 102
Course Code

THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE

IN ELEMENTAY GRADES
Physics, Earth and Space Science
 
 
 
College of Education
BEED- II
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Module No. 1

Topic
PART 1- Nature, Goals and
Processes of Science

2nd Semester 2021

MAILYN B. RECLA
Instructor 1

METCHECANA D. PERALTA
Assistant Professor III
Table of Contents

CHAPTER 2 CONTENTS PAGES

LESSON 1 ● The Nature of Science and Goals of

Teaching Science

LESSON 2 ● Processes of Science

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

INSTRUCTION TO THE USER

This module would provide you an educational experience while

independently accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as
well to ensure that learning is unhampered by health and other challenges. It
covers the topic about Nature, Goals and Processes of Science.

Reminders in using this module:

1. Keep this material neat and intact.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be
learned about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for
better understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social
media platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly
answering and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were
spent in the preparation in order that learning will still continue
amidst this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.

Hi! I’m Blue Bee, your WPU Mascot.

Welcome to Western Philippines University!

Shape your dreams with quality learning experience.

STAY SAFE AND HEALTHY!

INTRODUCTION

Science in the curriculum has always been given high priority. This is because of the
significant influence of science on everything we do. Therefore, the study of science
should enable students to seek meaning in everyday phenomena through the use of
processes skills of science to develop knowledge and understanding in a direct,
personal, and active member. Knowledge and understanding of the content of
science has to develop in conjunction with the appreciations of issues of moral and
social values. These three (knowledge, process skills and values) constitutes the
nature of science.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 LESSON 1
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND GOALS OF TEACHING SCIENCE

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson students can;

1. Describe the nature of science
2. Explain the goal of teaching science
3. Examine the alignment of standards- Grade level, key stage, learning area
to the goals of teaching science
4. Give examples on how values inherent in science can be integrated in the
teaching of science
5. Illustrate spiral progression approach in teaching science with an example
A. Pre-test
Study the following image and quotes that pertain to science. Reflect on what each
says about the nature of science. Share your thoughts by writing your answer on a
1 whole sheet of yellow paper or in a Microsoft word format.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 Quotes:

1. “Science does not know its debt to Imagination.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson
2. “The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to
discover new ways of thinking about the”- William Laurence Bragg
3. Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of
imagination”. – John Dewey, The Quest for Certainty, 1929
4. “Men love to wonder, and that is the seed of science.”- Ralph Waldo
Emerson
B. Time Allotment

C. Discussion

THE NATURE OF SCIENCE

1. Science is a wonderful world. It deals with nature and natural phenomena.

Science leads you to discover the mystery of a thin electric wire, why cells
of your eyes are not on your lips, why you can communicate with a loved
one across the miles through Facetime, why An-225 Mriya, the world’s
largest aircraft with its more than five hundred passengers, can fly up in
the air.
2. Science is defined as organized knowledge, sometimes referred to as
empirical knowledge.
3. Science is a field of systematic inquiry.
4. It is in itself a method, a technique and a system.
5. It is about nature and natural phenomena. Interest and appreciation for
the “beautiful and the wonderful” are genuinely felt.
6. It deals with real objects and events. Authentic experiences are gained and
learning is achieved through life-like learning exposures.
7. It demands perseverance, diligence and sacrifice.

Interests in Science

o Science as a subject, deals with almost everything in the environment.

The topics leave the students and even adults wonderstruck, stunned
and awed.

o The instructional materials that can be used in teaching are abundant,

rich and easily available. They are within reach.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

o The principles and laws in science when applied enable us to come up
with new and improved products and new ways of doing things.

o Equipped with scientific knowledge we become creative, that means,

we are able to originate novel ways of doing things rather that follow
out dated traditional ways and practice.

o Scientific knowledge and procedures make us competent in searching

for new and better ways of explaining why and how events occur and
exist in the environment and all over our earth.

o Science teaching keeps us abreast with discoveries and inventions, thus

at pace with global trends and modernization.

LESSON 2: PROCESSES OF SCIENCE

The Science Processes

o Developing the students’ competence in searching for knowledge and
information

INFERRING

o Infer means to state an idea which is based on observations. An

inference is an interpretation or a tentative conclusion based on
observations.

Advantages in Developing the Skill

1. The skill can lead them into investigations following the scientific
method.
2. Inferring can enhance their reasoning ability.
3. They will be motivated to gather more observations in order to form
correct inferences.

How to Develop the Skill

1. Provide more practice on inferring to sharpen their reasoning
ability.
2. When asking for inferences, caution them in forming ideas only
after gathering enough observations that were thoroughly analyzed.
3. Problem solving that calls for tentative conclusions can develop the
skill in the long run.

PREDICTING

o It is the process of making a forecast based on observed events. The

predictions made between observed data is called interpolation and
one made beyond observed data is called extrapolation.

Advantages in Developing the Skill

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 o With the skill well-developed, students become more careful in making
forecasts, otherwise they will turn out to be guesses.
o Skill in predicting speaks of a scientific mind.
o For as long as the forecast is based on reliable data, this is a guarantee
that students will always be confident in following the scientific
method.
o Constant practice in predicting makes students stick to accurate
measurements, data and other information.

How to Develop the Skill

o Record observations in the form of graphs or tabulations where
students can see a trend or a pattern.
o Provide experiences in making forecasts about events in the
environment that are controlled by time, measuring equipment and
price.
o Emphasize that there may be several variables that can affect the
predicted event; hence the prediction will not be accurate.
o Caution them on making predictions beyond observed events because
the same results cannot be guaranteed.

CONTROLLING VARIABLES
o Variable is the factor or condition of the effect of which is being tested.
o The variables in an experiment are classified into three: Manipulated
variable, Constant variable and Responding variables.

Advantages in Developing the Skill

o The students become skilled in searching for reliable evidence before

formulating a conclusion.
o The training on how to design on experiment is developed.
o Such a controlled set-up enables students to follow the scientific
method.

How to Develop the Skill

o Before proceeding, identify clearly the variable to be changed.

o Be strict with keeping the rest of the conditions the same.
o Provide practice in this kind of activity. They will be trained in
searching for cause-and-effects in some conditions in the environment.
o How to arrive at correct conclusions must be the objective.

INTERPRETING DATA

o Data collected from a variable in an experiment should be analyzed

thoroughly in order to arrive at a clear and reliable conclusion.

Advantages in Developing the Skill

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 o The students become skilled in determining relationship between
variables, proficiency much-needed in interpreting results.
o The exercise will sharpen their ability in observing and recording
data in an orderly manner.
o Proficiency in interpreting observations will be developed.
How to Develop the Skill

o Train them in presenting data through various illustrations such as

colored graphs, circular diagrams to show percentages and
tabulations.
o Let them interpret different kinds of relationship in order to make
them differentiate between relevant and irrelevant data.
o An objective and unbiased interpretation form part of their study
and work habits.

EXPERIMENTING

o The skill in experimenting is the final test that requires

competence in science processes especially controlling variables,
interpreting data and formulating hypothesis.

Advantages in Developing the Skill

o A scientific mind that has cultivated a scientific methodology is

definitely one the best goals of science teaching.
o The skill in experimenting has a lasting effect on how they
approach any learning activity, individually or in cooperation with
co-experimenters.
o It becomes easy for students to try to seek solutions or answers to
everyday problems and questions.

How to Develop the Skill

o Making every learning activity problem based and solution-
oriented is ideal in a science course.
o The scientific methodology becomes perfected if the students
experience success and is recognized.
o Involve the students in planning and implementing the
designed set-up.
o Revision in some steps in the procedure may be allowed in
order to enhance their creativity in finding appropriate answers
to everyday inquiries.

The Goals, Standards and Scope of Teaching Science

Goal of Teaching Science

o Science Education aims to develop scientific literacy among students that will
prepare them to be informed and participate citizens who are able to make

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 judgements and decisions regarding application of scientific knowledge that
may have social, health or environmental impacts.
o Based on the K to 12 Curriculum Guide for Science, the main goal of Science
Teaching is scientific literacy. What is scientific literacy?
o Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written, numerical,
and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science,
its methodology, observations, and theories.
o Scientific literacy is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method,
units and methods of measurement, empiricism and understanding of statistics in
particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate
statistics, as well as a basic understanding of core scientific fields, such
as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, geology and computation.

Learning Area Standard

SCOPE OF SCIENCE

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 ● The Subject matter for Science in K to 12 Curriculum which follow Spiral
Progression Approach.

Spiral Progression Approach

● Spiral progression approach means the basic principles are introduced
in the first grade and are rediscovered in succeeding grades in more
complex forms. With this approach, concepts are introduced at an early age
and re-taught in succeeding years in an increasingly sophisticated fashion.

D. Activities/Exercises

Answer the following questions below:

1. Would you consider Science standards developmentally appropriate? For

instance, are there standards in Grade 3 which are advanced for Grade 3
pupils or standards in Grade 10 which are supposed to be in Grade 7? Use the
Science Curriculum Guide for competencies.
2. Science Teaching in the K to 12 curriculum is a rich opportunity for value
integration. Select content and performance standards from Science
Curriculum Guide where you integrate values inherent in teaching of natural
sciences.
3. Would you go for spiral progression approach in teaching science? Why or
why not?

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 4. With the use of Science Curriculum Guide, give examples/ competencies that
can be taught with the thirteen (13) science process skills from the Science
Curriculum Guide.

E. EVALUATION

Answer the following questions:

1. Describe the nature of science.

2. According to the Science Conceptual Framework of the K to 12 Curriculum
Guide, what is the big goal of Teaching Science?
3. Examine the alignment of learning outcomes to standards- key stage,
standards and learning area standards side by side. That way you can easily
see if they are aligned.
4. Give examples on how values inherent in Science can be integrated in the
teaching of Science. Make use of appropriate competencies in the K to 12
curriculum.
5. With the use of Science Curriculum Guide, illustrate spiral progression
approach in teaching science by citing specific competencies in the K to 12
Curriculum Guide.

F. REFERENCES

● Corpuz, B. & Salandanan, G. (2015). Principles of teaching (with TLE).

Quezon City: LORIMAR Publishing. Martin, D. J. (2003.). Elementary
science methods: A constructivist approach. Wadsworth

Congratulations for completing this module!

Privacy Notice for Module

For this Module, we collect your name, program, year and section, contact number,
email address, facebook and messenger account when you submit your printed

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

module for purposes of coordination and communication.
All personal information collected will be stored in a secure location and only
authorized staff will have access to them.

Student’s Information

Name:
Program:
Year and Section:
Contact No.:
E-mail address:
Facebook Account:
Messenger Account:

Vision 2020
WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable
development of West Philippines and beyond.

Mission
WPU commits to developWPU-QSF-ACAD-82A
quality humanRev.
resource
00 (09.15.20)
and green technologies for a dynamic economy and
sustainable
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)