Lecture 2
Lecture 2
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
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Lecture 2 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
𝑸𝑰 – 𝑸𝐨 = ΔS/Δt Water Balance Equation
P – E T – I – R = ±ΔS Or P – E –T – I – R = ±ΔS
Losses
P: Precipitation E: Evaporation
T: Transpiration ET: Evapotranspiration
I: Infiltration R: Runoff 3
ΔS: change in storage )-() او بالنقص+( مقدار التغير في الخزان الجوفي بالزيادة
Lecture 2 معامل الجريان السطحي Runoff coefficient:
P – E T – I – R = ±ΔS
Volume for runoff (R) = 20x365x24x60x60 = 630.72x106 m3
R= volume/ Area = (630.72x106)/(2500x10002) = 0.252 m x100 = 25.2 cm
ET+I = 130- 25.2 = 104.8 cm
Volume of water lost by evapotranspiration and infiltration = (104.8/100)x2500x10002 = 2.62x109 m3 1
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Lecture 2 PRECIPITATION
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Lecture 2 PRECIPITATION
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Lecture 2 PRECIPITATION
Precipitation Measurement
2- Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
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Lecture 2 PRECIPITATION
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Lecture 2
𝑁𝐵− 𝑁𝑋 935−980
=| | x 100 = 4.6% <10%
𝑁𝑋 980
𝑁𝐶− 𝑁𝑋 1200−980
=| | x 100 = 22.4% >10%
𝑁𝑋 980 16
HYDROLOGY 𝑵𝑿 𝑵𝑿 𝑵𝑿
( )𝑷𝑨 + ( )𝑷𝑩 + ( )𝑷𝑪 + ⋯
𝑵𝑨 𝑵𝑩 𝑵𝑪
𝑷𝑿 =
𝒏
= 95.4 mm
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Lecture 2 Average Precipitation
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Lecture 2 METHODS OF AVERAGING RAINFALL DATA
𝑖=𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑎𝑣 =
𝑛
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Lecture 2 METHODS OF AVERAGING RAINFALL DATA
Example:
𝑖=𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑃𝑖
𝑃𝑎𝑣 =
𝑛
P1
A1
P2
A2
P3
A3
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Lecture 2
Example:
P1 = 10 mm, A1 = 12 Km2 P1
P2 = 20 mm, A2 = 15 Km2 A1
P2
P3 = 30 mm, A3 = 20 km2
A2
P3
A3
Watershed boundary
P6 = 1.81cm
P2 = 2.15cm
P4 = 2.26cm
P1 = 1.62cm
P5 = 2.18cm
P3 = 1.80cm
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Step #2: Draw the Perpendicular Bisector Lines
Watershed boundary
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Step #3: Determine the Area of Each Polygon
Watershed boundary
A6= 65Km2
A4= 269 Km2 A2= 150 Km2
A1= 56 Km2
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Lecture 2
Pav = 2.08 cm
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Lecture 2
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