Module 1
Module 1
Module 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
PRE-TEST
Answer the given activities below in a short bond-paper.
A.
1. What is mathematics?
Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world. Mathematics is an integral
part of daily life; formal and informal. It is used in technology, business, medicine, natural and
data sciences, machine learning and construction.
2.What is the nature of mathematics?
The nature of mathematics underscores the exploration of patterns. Mathematics relies on both
logic and creativity, and it is pursued both for a variety of practical purposes and for its intrinsic
interest. For some people, and not only professional mathematicians, the essence of
mathematics lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge.
3.Where is Mathematics?
The origin of mathematics can be traced to the history and significance of patterns and
numbers. It deals with ideas translated to objects and concepts created by humans. They are
invented to link the meaning of pattern which result experiences associated with the counting,
sequences, and regularities.
4.What role does mathematics play in your world?
It helps organize patterns and regularities in the world, predict the behaviour of nature and
phenomenon in the world, control nature and occurrences in our world for our end.
Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable. Mathematics
exists everywhere and it is applied in the most useful phenomenon. Even looking by just at the
ordinary part of the house, the room and the street, mathematics is there. This is one subject
thought as the sole objective language that people in the modern world understand each other
B. Read the following statements given below and write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if it is incorrect on the given space provided after the item number.
TRUE 1. Mathematics is a useful way to think about the nature and our world.
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TRUE 4. Mathematics exists everywhere and it is applied in the most useful phenomenon.
FALSE 5. Mathematics has no place in my life.
LEARNING FOCUS
What is Mathematics?
Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and our world. The nature of mathematics
underscores the exploration of patterns. Mathematics exists everywhere and it is applied in the most
useful phenomenon. Even looking by just at the ordinary part of the house, the room and the street,
mathematics is there. This is one subject thought as the sole objective language that people in the
modern world understand each other.
The origin of mathematics can be traced to the history and significance of patterns and
numbers. It deals with ideas translated to objects and concepts created by humans. They are invented
to link the meaning of pattern which result experiences associated with the counting, sequences, and
regularities.
Mathematics is an integral part of daily life; formal and informal. It is used in technology,
business, medicine, natural and data sciences, machine learning and construction. It helps organize
patterns and regularities in the world, predict the behaviour of nature and phenomenon in the world,
control nature and occurrences in our world for our end. Mathematics has numerous applications in the
world making it indispensable.
“Mathematics reveals its secrets ONLY to those who approach it with pure LOVE, for its own
BEAUTY”
- ARCHIMEDES
“Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas.”
-ALBERT EINSTEIN
The Nature of Mathematics
According to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1990), Mathematics
relies on both logic and creativity, and it is pursued both for a variety of practical purposes and for its
intrinsic interest. For some people, and not only professional mathematicians, the essence of
mathematics lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge.
1. Patterns and Relationships
Mathematics is the science of patterns and relationships. As a theoretical discipline,
mathematics explores the possible relationships among abstractions without concern for
whether those abstractions have counterparts in the real world. The abstractions can be
anything from strings of numbers to geometric figures to sets of equations.
2. Mathematics, Science and Technology
Because of its abstractness, mathematics is universal in a sense that other fields of human
thought are not. It finds useful applications in business, industry, music, historical scholarship,
politics, sports, medicine, agriculture, engineering, and the social and natural sciences.
3. Mathematical Inquiry
Normally, people are confronted with problems. In order to live at peace, these problems must
be solved. Using mathematics to express ideas or to solve problems involves at least three
phases: (1) representing some aspects of things abstractly, (2) manipulating the abstractions
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by rules of logic to find new relationships between them, and (3) seeing whether the new
relationships say something useful about the original things.
4. Abstraction and Symbolic Representation
Mathematical thinking often begins with the process of abstraction – that is, noticing a similarity
between two or more objects or events. Aspects that they have in common, whether concrete
or hypothetical, can be represented by symbols such as numbers, letters, other marks,
diagrams, geometrical constructions, or even words. Whole numbers are abstractions that
represent the size of sets of things and events or the order of things within a set. Abstractions
are made not only from concrete objects or processes; they can also be made from other
abstractions, such as kinds of numbers (the even numbers, for instance).
5. Manipulating Mathematical Statements
After abstractions have been made and symbolic representations of them have been selected,
those symbols can be combined and recombined in various ways according to precisely
defined rules. Typically, the strings of symbols are combined into statements that express ideas
or propositions.
6. Application
Mathematical processes can lead to a kind of model of a thing, from which insights can be
gained about the thing itself. Any mathematical relationships arrived at manipulating abstract
statements may or may not convey something truthful about the thing being modelled. For
example, if 2 cups of water are added t 3 cups of water and the abstract mathematical
operation 2+3=5 is used to calculate the total, the correct answer is 5 cups of water.
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College of Arts, Sciences and Education
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College of Arts, Sciences and Education
6. Doing Exercise
Getting in shape and staying fit means achieving your health goals. Maybe you want to meet a
personal goal by the end of the month. You need math to know how many more reps to curl, or
how many seconds to cut off your mile time, or how many more pounds to lose to achieve that
goal.
7. Handling Money
Another aspect of growing up into a young adult is opening and managing a bank account. It is
important to be accurate in math to care for your precious savings, making sure there are no
mistakes.
8. Making countdowns
For many, this will be the most important reason on this list to know math so you can
countdown the days until school is over and summer starts.
9. Baking and Cooking
10. Surfing Internet
To realize the love for and interest in mathematics, Annenberg Learner shared the following
notes that mathematics is everywhere and is always an integral part of human endeavour.
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3. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.
4. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable.
Post – Test
Activity 1: In a short bond – paper (encoded or handwritten), cite the mathematical application that you
commonly do in each of the following stations and state your appreciation. (30 points)
Stations Application of Mathematics (2 Appreciation for Mathematics (1
points each) point each)
1. Market Analyze statistical data on In Market we use a lot of
past sales to predict future mathematics that makes
sales. ourshopping more efficient, one of
these are the
mathematicaloperations that we
use for calculatinghow much we
willpay for our purchases, next the
ratio and proportions, usedfor
measuring the right amount of the
stuff that we willbuy.
2. Bus/Jeepney Estimation on Mathematical I used estimation when I am
Operations transporting, I used it forestimating
on how many minutes/hours do I
travel until Ireach my destination.
And for the
mathematicaloperations, it helps
me on paying the right amount of
fareor if my change are exact or
not.
3. Church Estimations, Ratios and This kind of applications used in
Proportions estimating on howmany people will
attend the mass and by using ratio
andproportions, used for preparing
the exact amount ofcommunion
bread that will be served in mass.
4. Club Meeting Critical Thinking To develop students’ level of Math
skills and knowledge. This will be
accomplished by using games,
activities, and mock competitions.
Students will cooperatively work to
complete Logic and Math Puzzles.
5. Clinic Applied Mathematics To clarify, by patient-disease-drug
level, I mean the mathematical
work is approved to be used as
part of a decision making process
to prescribe a specific treatment
for a specific patient
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Activity 2: Submit 2-3 page synthesis paper focussing on one of the following aspects of mathematics:
(15 points)
a. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities.
b. Mathematics helps predict the behaviour of nature and phenomena in the world.
c. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world for our own ends.
d. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it indispensable.
Learning Objectives:
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Learning Focus:
Patterns and counting are correlative. Counting happens when there is pattern. When there is
counting, there is logic. Consequently, pattern in nature goes with logic or logical set-up. There are
reasons behind a certain pattern. That’s why, oftentimes, some people develop an understanding of
patterns relationships, and functions and use them to represent and explain real-world phenomena.
Most people say that mathematics is the science behind patterns. Mathematics exist everywhere as
patterns do in nature. Not only patters take many forms within the range school mathematics, they are
also unifying mechanism.
Number patterns – such as 2, 4, 6, 8 – are familiar to us since they are among the patterns first
learned in our younger years. As we advance, we experience number patterns again through the huge
concept of functions in mathematics inside and outside school. But patterns are much broader and
common anywhere anytime.
In this world, a regularity is the fact that the same thing always happens in the same
circumstances.
Example:
The regular holidays in a year:
New year’s day, Valentine’s day, Holy Week, Labor Day, Independence Day, National Heroes
day, Ramadan, All saints day, Bonifacio Day, Christmas day and National Heroes day.
These are celebrated in the same sequence every year. All these phenomena create a repetition of
names or events called regularity.
While a pattern is a discernible regularity in the world or in a man-made design. As such, the
elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form
found in the natural world. These patters recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled
mathematically.
Natural patterns include symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations,
cracks and stripes.
Geometric pattern is a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically repeated like a
wallpaper design.
Repeating pattern
Growing pattern
Example:
The most basic pattern is the sequence of the dates in the calendar such as:
1 to 30 being used month after month
The seven(7) days in a week
The twelve (12) months in a year
According to Ian Stewart (1995), we live in a universe of patterns. Every night the stars move in
circles across the sky. The seasons cycle at yearly intervals. Tigers and zebras are covered in patterns
of stripes, leopards and hyenas are covered in patterns of spots. Human mind and culture have
developed a formal system of thought for recognizing, classifying, and exploiting patterns. We call it
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mathematics. By using mathematics to organize and systematize our ideas about patterns, we have
discovered a great secret: nature’s patterns are not just there to be admired, they are vital clues to the
rules that given natural processes.
Symmetry
An agreement in dimensions, due
proportion and arrangement.
Meander
Meander is one of a series of regular
sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns or windings
in the channel of a river, stream or other
watercourse.
WAVE
It is a disturbance that transfers energy
through matter or space, with little or no
associated mass transport. Waves consist of
oscillations or vibrations of a physical medium or
a field, around relatively fixed locations. Surface
waves in water show water ripples.
Foam
It is a substance formed by trapping
pockets of gas in liquid or solid.
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Tessellation
A tessellation of a flat surface is the tilling of
a plane using one or more geometric shapes,
called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps
Cracks
A fracture or crack is the separation of an
object or material into two or more pieces under
the action of stress. The fracture of a solid
usually occurs due to the development
discontinuity surfaces within the solid.
Stripes
Stripes are made by a series of bands or
strips, often of the same width and colour along
the length.
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Fractal
Fractal is a never ending pattern. Fractals are
infinitely complex patterns that are self-similar
across different scales. They are created by
repeating a simple process over and over in an
ongoing feedback loop.
Sequences
- it is an ordered list of numbers, called terms that may have repeated values. The arrangement
of these terms is set by a definite rule
Fibonacci Sequence
-It is characterized that every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding once.
- it is also known as “GOLDEN RATIO” because of its ubiquity and astounding functionality in
nature suggests its importance as a fundamental characteristics of the universe.
- Golden Ratio (phi=1.61803…)
- it is named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who was better known by his
nickname Fibonacci.
Examples:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55,…..
F n = F n−1+ F n−2
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The numbers 3, 5, 8, 13 and 21 are all part of the Fibonacci sequence. The number of petals of
flower is usually a Fibonacci number.
Sequences in Nature
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The Golden Ratio is a special number which is approximately equal to 1.618034 . . . and may
be used to find the nth term of a Fibonacci sequence using the Binet’s Formula. It is usually denoted
using the Greek letter “phi” φ or ø.
n n n n
φ −(1−φ) (1.618034) −(1−1.618034)
F n= ∨F n=
√5 √5
Example:
Study the pattern of the Fibonacci sequence below.
Term 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
(F ¿¿ n)¿
Term 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number (n)
Solution:
F n=F n−1+ F n−2
Where: F n=Fibonacci number
F n−1=the previous term
F n−2=theterm before F n−1
F n=F n−1+ F n−2
F n−1=13 F 9=F 9−1+ F 9−2 F 9=F 8+ F 7
F n−2=8 F 9=13+8
F 9=21
What is the 3rd term?
Using the Golden Ratio, you can easily find the 80 th term of the given pattern.
(1.618034)n−(1−1.618034)n
F n=
√5
Let: n = 3, therefore:
n n
(1.618034) −(1−1.618034)
F n=
√5
3 3
(1.618034) −(1−1.618034)
F 3=
√5
(1.618034) −(1−1.618034)3
3
F 3=
√5
F n=1.788752∨approximately 2
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Learning Activity:
Activity 4:
Go to the garden or park, and start counting leaves and petals. Select only 1 plant with leaves and
flowers and take a photo on it. Write the results on your answer sheet. (15 points)
Activity 5:
Do you want to have a perfect collage of photos that will be perfect on your social media
account? Then, layout the Golden Ratio diagram. (20 points)
Activity 6:
Find the following terms of the Fibonacci sequence with your complete solutions. (15 points)
a. 35th term:
Answer: 9227465 is the 35th term
How did I solve the 35th term?
Answer: To get the 35 th term which is 9227465, the fourth and third terms are added.
So, 3524578 + 5702887 = 9227465. Therefore, the consecutive terms will result to another
term of Fibonacci Sequence.
Solution:
b. 47th term:
c. 56th term:
d. 68th term:
e. 89th term:
Lesson 3: Numbers and its Pattern
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
a. Identify the type of number pattern of a sequence;
b. Examine the nature and relationship of numbers in a sequence;
c. Determine the nth term of a number sequence; and
d. Generate a pattern to form a number sequence.
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Learning Focus:
A sequence may be finite or infinite. The Fibonacci sequence is an infinite sequence. A finite
sequence has a definite number of terms. A list of numbers which form a pattern is called a sequence.
Number of patterns may be a repeating, a growing or a shrinking pattern. The succeeding terms may
be predicted.
A repeating pattern is a list of numbers in which a constant number is added to get the
succeeding terms. For growing pattern, the number to be added is increasing. To write the result of the
succeeding terms of a shrinking pattern, the number to be added is decreasing. Remember that when
adding a number, it is possible to add negative numbers.
Number patterns may be categorized into the following:
Number Pattern The number to be added is Example
Repeating Pattern Constant 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, . . .
Growing Pattern Increasing 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 29, . . .
Shrinking Pattern decreasing 118, 98, 73, 43, 8, -32, . . .
Learning Activity
Use a short bond – paper to answer the following activities. (Handwritten)
Activity 7:
A. Identify the following sequence below whether they have a Repeating pattern, Growing pattern
or Shrinking Pattern. (5 points)
B. Write the next three terms of the following sequences. (15 points)
C. After learning about the types of number pattern, how will you categorize Fibonacci sequence?
Give at least 1 paragraph response. (5 points)
Answer: haahahahhahhahahhaha nani dafuck
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