Engg Report TRM

ENGINEERING REPORT
Air Pollution Source Installation

A. Generator Set
A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric
generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a specific case
of engine-generator. A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to
run on diesel fuel, but some types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.
Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to a power
grid, or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails, as well as for more complex
applications such as peak-lopping, grid support, and export to the power grid.
This report is made for the application of different buildings for Permit to
Operate Air Pollution Installation in connection to RA 8749.
These buildings compses of PHILAM Life Center and 3 school sites. The
facility needed the generator set in order to supply daily power for its equipment
such as computers and lights, air conditioning units, and processes.
DIESEL GENERATOR SET

The packaged combination of a diesel engine, a generator and various
ancillary devices (such as base, canopy, sound attenuation, control
systems, circuit breakers, jacket water heaters and starting system) is referred to
as a "generating set" or a "genset" for short.
The generator set installed is fueled by diesel. This unit is kept in a well
ventilated place located at Burgos, Ilocos Norte. The equipments composes of 12
sets of DAEWOO DWG 250E (343HP engine), 227kVA, 3 phase unit operating at
a voltage of 220 volts. The capacity is designed to supply daily loads for the
buildings. The estimated average fuel consumption per day is about 1730 gs a
day during 8-hours of operation.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Page | 1
ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Brand Name/Model P126TI-3
Engine Power HP (kW) 343 HP (256kW)
Type of Fuel Diesel
Fuel Consumption (Displacement) 18 gallons/hour (11051 cc)
No. of Hrs. of Operation/Year 39420 hours
Amount of Fuel Consumed 631450 gal/year
No. of Cylinder 6 cylinder
Rated RPM 1800 rpm
Corresponding Air Pollution Control None

Device
ALTERNATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Model DAEWOO DWG250E
Capacity 227 kW
Phase 3 phase
Voltage 220 V
Frequency 60 Hz
Power Factor/ Cos  0.8
Page | 2
Geographical Latitude Longitude
Coordinates
DMS N18030’20” East 120038’5”
Decimal 18.505645 120.634734
Photos of the Genset Equipment with Geographical

Coordinates
Page | 3
EMISSIONS
Most of the pollutants from IC engines are emitted through the exhaust. However,
some total organic compounds (TOC) escape from the crankcase as a result of
blow by (gases that are vented from the oil pan after they have escaped from the
cylinder past the piston rings) and from the fuel tank and carburetor because of
evaporation. Nearly all of the TOCs from diesel CI engines enter the atmosphere
from the exhaust. Evaporative losses are insignificant in diesel engines due to the
low volatility of diesel fuels.
The primary pollutants from internal combustion engines are oxides of nitrogen
(NOx), total organic compounds (TOC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulates,
which include both visible (smoke) and non-visible emissions. Nitrogen oxide
formation is directly related to high pressures and temperatures during the
combustion process and to the nitrogen content, if any, of the fuel. The other
pollutants, HC, CO, and smoke, are primarily the result of incomplete
combustion. Ash and metallic additives in the fuel also contribute to the
particulate content of the exhaust. Sulfur oxides (SOx) also appear in the exhaust
from IC engines. The sulfur compounds, mainly sulfur dioxide (SO2), are directly
related to the sulfur content of the fuel.
 NITROGEN OXIDES
Nitrogen oxide formation occurs by two fundamentally different

mechanisms. The predominant mechanism with internal combustion
engines is thermal NOx which arises from the thermal dissociation and
subsequent reaction of nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) molecules in the
combustion air. Most thermal NOx is formed in the high-temperature
region of the flame from dissociated molecular nitrogen in the combustion
air. Some NOx, called prompt NOx, is formed in the early part of the flame
from reaction of nitrogen intermediary species, and HC radicals in the
flame. The second mechanism, fuel NOx, stems from the evolution and
reaction of fuel-bound nitrogen compounds with oxygen. Gasoline, and
most distillate oils have no chemically-bound fuel N2 and essentially all
NOx formed is thermal NOx.
 TOTAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The pollutants commonly classified as hydrocarbons are composed of a

wide variety of organic compounds and are discharged into the atmosphere
when some of the fuel remains unburned or is only partially burned during
the combustion process. Most unburned hydrocarbon emissions result from
fuel droplets that were transported or injected into the quench layer during
combustion. This is the region immediately adjacent to the combustion
Page | 4
chamber surfaces, where heat transfer outward through the cylinder walls
causes the mixture temperatures to be too low to support combustion.
 CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, relatively inert gas formed as an

intermediate combustion product that appears in the exhaust when the
reaction of CO to CO2 cannot proceed to completion. This situation occurs
if there is a lack of available oxygen near the hydrocarbon (fuel) molecule
during combustion, if the gas temperature is too low, or if the residence
time in the cylinder is too short. The oxidation rate of CO is limited by
reaction kinetics and, as a consequence, can be accelerated only to a certain
extent by improvements in air and fuel mixing during the combustion
process.
 SMOKE AND PARTICULATE MATTER
White, blue, and black smoke may be emitted from IC engines. Liquid
particulates appear as white smoke in the exhaust during an engine cold
start, idling, or low load operation. These are formed in the quench layer
adjacent to the cylinder walls, where the temperature is not high enough to
ignite the fuel. Blue smoke is emitted when lubricating oil leaks, often past
worn piston rings, into the combustion chamber and is partially burned.
Proper maintenance is the most effective method of preventing blue smoke
emissions from all types of IC engines. The primary constituent of black
smoke is agglomerated carbon particles (soot) formed in regions of the
combustion mixtures that are oxygen deficient.
 SULFUR OXIDES
Sulfur oxides emissions are a function of only the sulfur content in the fuel
rather than any combustion variables. In fact, during the combustion
process, essentially all the sulfur in the fuel is oxidized to SO2. The
oxidation of SO2 gives sulfur trioxide (SO3), which reacts with water to
give sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a contributor to acid precipitation. Sulfuric
acid reacts with basic substances to give sulfates, which are fine
particulates that contribute to PM-10 and visibility reduction. Sulfur oxide
emissions also contribute to corrosion of the engine parts.
POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE
Page | 5
There is no pollution control device installed. However, proper preventive
maintenance will be done to make the generator set in good running condition to
avoid the emission of these pollutants in the atmosphere.
MONITORING, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING
Recording and reporting is basic monitoring tool, if presents the actual status of
the operation, and can detect any eventually that may arise so that necessary
adjustments are done.
The operation of the generator is being recorded which include the number of
hours it will run, the liters of fuel used, the changing of oil, parts and other
accessories. The preventive maintenance of the generator set follows the
manufacturers recommended procedures.
Evaluation and reporting of these records will be done every quarter.
EMISSION MANAGEMENT
To make the emission of the generator meet the standard set in the Implementing
Rules and Regulations of RA 8749 otherwise known as the Clean Air Act of 1999
it will be maintained always in good running condition, especially so that no
pollution control device is installed.
EMISSION ESTIMATES COMPUTATION
FORMULA:
E = A x EF x [1-ER/100]
WHERE:
E = Emission Estimation
A = Activity Rate
EF = Emission Factor
% ER = Overall Emission Reduction Efficiency
NOTE: If there is no pollution control facility [1-ER / 100] = 1.0
Page | 6
EMISSION FACTOR (E.F.) FOR DIESEL ENGINE: US EPA AP 42 5th
Edition
PM = 6.47 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel

NOx = 102 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel
CO = 3,940 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel
SOx = 5.31 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel
VOC = 147.70 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel
MAX POWER OUTPUT/CAPACITY:
The Daewoo P126TI-3 343 (HP/256kW) Diesel Engine is coupled to a

227kW/284 kVA Generator/Alternator.
Since there is no record yet, the Fuel consumption is calculated to be

631450 gal/year.
DIESEL FUEL CONSUMPTION: 631450 gallons/year
 PARTICULATE MATTER, PM:

EPM = 631450 gals/year x .6.47 lbs/1000 gal x 1 ton/2210 lbs
= 1.848634163 ton/ year
 NITROGEN OXIDE, NOx:
ENOx = 631450 gals/year x 102 lbs/1000 gals x 1 ton/2210 lbs
= 29.14384615 ton/ year
 CARBON MONOXIDE, CO:
ECO = 631450 gals/year x 3,940 lbs/1000 gals x 1 ton/2210 lba
= 1125.752489 ton/ year
 SULFUR OXIDE, SOx:
ESox = 631450 gals/year x 5.31 lbs/1000 gals x 1 ton/2210 lbs x
0.005/100
= 0.00007585971719 ton/year
 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND, VOC:
EVOC = 631450 gals/year x 147.7 lbs/1000 gals x 1 ton/2210 lbs
= 42.20143213 ton/year
Page | 7
The above computation showed that the resulting emission concentration of air
contaminants from the proper combustion of gasoline oil of the generator set is
within tolerable standards.
Prepared by:
TRISTAN REY F. MATEO

BS Mechanical Engineering
Attested By:
Name:
SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this _______day of _____________, at

_________________________, Philippines.
Page | 8

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ENGINEERING REPORT

Air Pollution Source Installation

DIESEL GENERATOR SET

Brand Name/Model P126TI-3

Engine Power HP (kW) 343 HP (256kW)

Type of Fuel Diesel

Fuel Consumption (Displacement) 18 gallons/hour (11051 cc)

No. of Hrs. of Operation/Year 39420 hours

Amount of Fuel Consumed 631450 gal/year

No. of Cylinder 6 cylinder

Rated RPM 1800 rpm

Corresponding Air Pollution Control None

Model DAEWOO DWG250E

Power Factor/ Cos  0.8

Photos of the Genset Equipment with Geographical

Nitrogen oxide formation occurs by two fundamentally different

 TOTAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The pollutants commonly classified as hydrocarbons are composed of a

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, relatively inert gas formed as an

 SMOKE AND PARTICULATE MATTER

POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE

MONITORING, RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING

Evaluation and reporting of these records will be done every quarter.

EMISSION ESTIMATES COMPUTATION

PM = 6.47 lbs / 1000 gallon of fuel

MAX POWER OUTPUT/CAPACITY:

The Daewoo P126TI-3 343 (HP/256kW) Diesel Engine is coupled to a

Since there is no record yet, the Fuel consumption is calculated to be

DIESEL FUEL CONSUMPTION: 631450 gallons/year

 PARTICULATE MATTER, PM:

TRISTAN REY F. MATEO

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this _______day of _____________, at

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SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this _day of _______, at