Review Paper on Development and Design of

Hybrid Solar and Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

System
Abstract:
This article introduces the idea of "Hybrid Solar and Vertical wind Axis Turbine system,"
which is built expressly for the most prominent and efficient use of renewable energy, to
satisfy the demands of the current world. As we are all aware, over the past few years there
has been a considerable advancement in technology and research that aims to lower energy
consumption through use of the sources of renewable energy in various applications.
Natural energy produced from sources that are replenished more quickly than they are used
up is known as renewable energy. It is sometimes referred to as clean energy or a non-
conventional form of energy. For instance, even though they depend on the time and weather
for their availability, sunlight and wind continue to shine.
In this paper, we looked at the several types of renewable energy sources that will be used to
create power, like wind and solar energy. These type of energy sources are renewable,
abundant, eco-friendly, and easily accessible. These two sources' integration has long been a
challenging optimization challenge that calls for effective planning, designing, and control
techniques. Utilizing a variety of software tools and optimization methods, numerous
researchers have created affordable and successful hybrid solar-wind energy systems. In this
study, cutting-edge optimization techniques for hybrid renewable energy systems are
presented.
The review in this paper gives an overview of hybrid power generation, which combines two
or more energy sources. The batteries will then be charged using hybrid power generation
systems. This type of system is more cost-effective, sustainable, and friendly. The hybrid
system has a higher capability for producing electricity than the standard system.

Keywords: Hybrid Solar, VAWT, Advancement in Technology

Introduction
Any nation's development depends in large part on its access to energy. It is a crucial
component of a nation's economic development. Oil , coal , and natural gas are one the main
renewable energy sources we use. Energy is necessary for industrial, agricultural,
commercial, and domestic purposes, as is common knowledge. The need for energy in the
world is rising daily. Energy can be produced from coal, fossil fuels, oil in a variety of ways.
However, since each of these sources is bad for the environment, there are restrictions on and
limits on their use.
In today's world, eco-green energy, or producing energy without affecting the environment, is
the main focus. In such a situation, we have the choice of using green energy sources like
solar, hydro, wind, biomass, and biofuel. The two most prominent sources of renewable
energy among those mentioned are wind and solar energy. Because wind and solar are well-
known sources of energy and are found almost everywhere, when we talk about renewable
energy sources, this is what comes to mind. Due to weather change, sunlight during the night
and rainy season, and variations of wind speed, one sources of energy like wind and solar are
not completely fixed,
Normally solar and wind energy are solely used to induce power but both solar and wind
have their own disadvantages. As weather and environment change every-day, and that affect
the system, solar rays aren’t always consistent and speed of wind fluctuates every time so it
affects the system and their performance. In this combination hybrid system, installation costs
for a single system will be lowered to some extent. Therefore, combining these two systems
will help each other to overcome losses and give an additional source of energy rather than
employing a single system. Similar to how solar PV systems produce electricity during
daylight hours, wind energy also draws power from wind sources. When the conditions of
wind aren't strong enough to produce electricity, a backup source i.e., the solar panel can be
used to meet the supply demand.
Wind and solar energy, which are intermittent in nature, can present technical challenges for
electricity supply, especially as solar and wind integration increases or is inadequate to
handle rapid changes in production levels. If solar or wind energy is used to power
autonomous systems, energy storage is necessary to ensure a continuous supply of energy.
Storage volume depends on intermittent levels of sun or wind.

The objective of this paper is to design and develop a wind-solar hybrid energy generation
system that can improve electrical efficiency by implementing wind turbines and vertical axis
solar panels. This goal can be achieved with the following lens:
1. To develop and design the prototype vertical axis wind turbine.
2. To put in place a new control system to maximise energy generation efficiency.
3. To assess the hybrid energy producing system's performance.
Vertical Axis Wind turbine
The Finnish engineer S.J. Savonius is honoured by having his name attached to Savonius
Rotors. It consists of a VAWT based on aerodynamic drag that operates on two blades with
an "S" shaped cross section. The principle by which the VAWT receives the torque and hence
the force of the airflow is similar to a cup anemometer. Between convex retreating bucket and
the concave advancing bucket, the wind creates an imbalance in drag. When compared to
ordinary HAWTs, these rotors achieve a high aerodynamic efficiency and offer various
benefits for tiny power units.

 Having a low cost simple technology.

 Accept the wind from all direction without any yawing mechanism
 Noise is very less
 Wear and tear of moving part reduced
 High static movement useful for start-up operations and Etc.

Helical Savonius type VAWT

Solar PV System
The physics of photovoltaics is similar to that of conventional diodes, which also contain
semiconductor-based PN junctions. A photon's energy is transferred to an electron-proton
matter system when it is absorbed by a junction, resulting in charge carriers that separate at
the junction. As a result of the electric field's acceleration of the charge carriers in the
junction region, the current that results from these potential gradient flows via the external
circuit.
Operation is reliant on three fundamental qualities:
The absorbing of light
separating charged carriers of contrasting kinds
the separation and external circuit extraction of such carriers.

Hybrid Solar and Wind Systems:

Hybrid wind and solar energy systems offer a very attractive alternative, especially for stand-
alone applications. When wind and solar power are combined, the operating costs of a hybrid
system increase because the disadvantages of each energy source are offset by the advantages
of the other. With integrated hybrid power systems, the efficiency and reliability with which
renewable energy can meet demand can be greatly increased. Therefore, the integration of
hybrid wind and solar energy into hybrid systems can reduce the amount of energy required
to provide continual power.

According to a Report in 2012, market has grown by around 10% over the year to around 5
GW, and the global market has grown by 19%. Reference article and provides an in-depth
discussion of wind energy. There are two types of wind turbines (WT) namely vertical axis
wind turbines (VAWT) and horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). A single wind turbine
can harvest up to 58% of theoretical maximum wind power. Hybrid systems based on wind
and solar energy can be branched into two categories. Several academics around the world
who published the research results have conducted literature reviews on autonomous hybrid
solar cells and wind power. Many difficulties and suggest some feasible solutions. Due to the
hybrid characteristics of wind and solar-PV energy, development strategies can make
effective use of it. Examples of optimization strategies created for hybrid renewable energy
systems that are technically and economically optimal for both types of systems include
graphical probabilistic methods, linear programming, and construction methods. Previous
research on the best sizing of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems with energy
storage components is reviewed. The authors provide a brief explanation of these indicators
and different sizing techniques. Control strategies for hybrid energy systems are evaluated.
The optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems is reviewed, with a focus on wind and
solar systems. Both types of systems, networked and stand-alone, are covered in the exam.
Literature Review:
The several sources of renewable energy that will be used to create electricity were
examined for this essay. Solar, wind, and hydropower are the primary energy sources. This
essay offers an analysis of hybrid energy generation, which combines two or more energy
sources. The batteries will then be charged using the hybrid power generation systems.
Wind/Hydro/PV-Panel hybrid system is more cost-effective and environmentally benign. The
hybrid system's capacity for power generation is greater than that of the individual systems.
Results acquired from Metrological Station for the five years between 2010 and 2015 that
demonstrate the power output of both individual systems and hybridized systems are
utilized to compare the various hybrid systems. Diesel and other fossil fuel-based generation
technologies are typically used to meet the demands of electricity in remote area and
islands. However, the uses of standalone hybrid renewable systems of energy is on rises due
to the rising expense, dangerous emissions of fossil fuels (HRESs).
Hybrid system using wind and solar energy have gained popularity in these applications due
to their complementing properties, established technologies, and the availability in most
regions. The problems with wind and solar energy sources, however, are their sporadic
nature and high net current costs. In this situation, appropriate scaling is essential to
achieving a dependable supply at a reasonable price with these standalone systems. The
biggest challenge for both grid-connected and standalone systems is the intermittent nature
of wind and solar energy sources. The wind-diesel-battery hybrid configurations can handle
the peak time including peak times. The global increase in wind and solar energy infiltration
over past decade and a half required accurate and rapid resource forecasting. Savonius
generators are high profile vertical axis wind turbines. The external elements are self-
adjusting systems, transmissions and guides to improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the
rotors.
Solar power starts at the beginning of the day, and with the movement around the car, the
wind is available on the street. This hybrid system does not depend on any factor. It has
potential to create a significant contribution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. We found
that the cheapest solution saves what appears to be excess generation capacity, nearly 3
times the energy needs to meet the electrical load. It is because variable generated and
overcapacity combine to meet electrical loads with less storage space, reducing overall
electricity costs.
The findings can help policy makers design sound policies by understanding the global
perspective of solar energy implementation. The results can be generalized to neighbouring
countries. The impact of fluctuations in wind and solar energy resources will be partially
mitigated and overall system operations becomes much more reliable and cost-effective.
This situation can be significantly mitigated by the use of correct design, modern sensitive
control systems and the optimization of an efficient hybrid system. This paper will provide
the overview of several research projects on designs optimization of stand-alone and grid-
connected solar-wind hybrid systems, power electronics and control topology. Solar and
wind energy are omni-present, freely available, environmental friendly.
The combined utilization of these renewable sources of energy These renewable energy
technologies' economic features are sufficiently promising to include Two or more energy
sources, power conditioning equipment, a controller, and an optional energy storage device
make up a renewable hybrid energy system. Due to improvements in renewable energy
technologies and a significant increase in research and development efforts in solar, wind,
and other renewable sources, these hybrid energy systems are becoming more and more
popular in remote area power generation applications. These systems require standalone
PV solar-wind hybrid energy systems with conventional backup sources. We build an ideal
design for a hybrid wind and solar energy plant where the variables are optimised, despite
the fact that solar and wind energy are two of the most practical renewable energy sources.
Without using non-renewable energy sources and with the level of satisfaction. These
renewable energy sources are the finest ones to employ with a hybrid wind and solar energy
system since they will be the best choice for all of the system's different elements. Using
standalone hybrid renewable energy systems is an increasing trend (HRESs). The
disadvantages of solar and wind energy systems include their properties, advanced
technologies, and expense of hybrid systems using solar and wind energy. Sizing is essential
to achieving a dependable supply at a reasonable price with these standalone systems.
developing techniques for size optimization in standalone HRESs has become more and
more popular. The combination of several green energy sources can be possible failover
solution, which provides reliable power and reduces the required storage capacity.
mathematical models for various renewable energy systems, especially combinations of
photovoltaic, wind and hydro energy storage. power supplies. The complexity of the system
is increased by the use of Maximum Power point tracking (MPPT) technologies in its sub-
systems. It also summarizes the mathematical models of different MPPT technologies for
hybrid green energy systems. The addition of energy storage technologies, which are crucial
for increasing stability The ability of energy storage technologies in hybrid power plants to
be profitable legal and regulatory aspects of hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic generating
with energy storage systems. Using at least one type of energy storage technology and
hybrid wind and solar photovoltaic generation is economically feasible.
Using renewable energy took note of scientists' and decision-makers' recommendations as a
replacement for conventional energy storage systems, which are typically used in
conjunction with these sources to boost the supply of energy. The most recent and
significant environmental and economic analysis of a grid-connected hybrid network made
up of wind turbines, PV panels, and energy storage systems is summarized in this paper.
elements, including a shaded analysis of solar panels and wind turbines, greenhouse gas
emissions, and land efficiency It has been discussed how much the energy produced by a
hybrid system costs.

Conclusion:
In this article, we discuss how to generate electricity, as the convergence of solar and wind
power presents both opportunities and barriers. By combining these two sources into a perfect
match, the impact of fluctuations in wind and solar energy resources will be partially
mitigated and the all system operation becomes more cost effective and reliable. It can be
said that the independent generation is the most affected by this. Integrating green energy
generation with storage systems, battery backup for diesel generators is a more cost effective
option for stand-alone types. Energy management system must guarantee high reliability, low
cost and high efficiency of the system. The effects of intermittent power can be mitigated
through careful planning and accurate forecast of weather and natural conditions, wind speed
and solar radiation. The main power quality challenges facing stand-alone systems include
harmonics, voltage and frequency fluctuations, and are exacerbated in weak grid conditions.
This situation can be significantly mitigated by the use of correct design, modern sensitive
control systems and the optimization of an efficient hybrid system. This paper provides the
overview of several research projects on the design optimization of stand-alone and grid-
connected solar-wind hybrid systems, power electronics and control topology.

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